A centenary of the first presentation of the Nobel Prize for Medicine and Physiology has been the reason to make a survey of all those who had been given this prestigious award and their scientific contributions. The Nobel Foundation and the Nobel Museum with their Internet presentations have been the major source of information in this paper, providing a complete survey of anything related to the Nobel Prize. The following Internet address is a very useful source of information about all the laureates of the Nobel Prize for Medicine: www.almaz.comlnobe/medicine/medicine.

History, 20th Century↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Prevention of experimental immune complex glomerulonephritis by specific inactivation of immunoreactive cells.

In a previous experiment we were able to induce in rabbits a state of specific tolerance against bovine serum albumin (BSA) by pretreatment with highly hot labelled BSA-125 I thus preventing immune complex glomerulonephritis. Despite successful suppression of antibody production, the question remained to be answered if this was due to an nonspecific effect of immunosuppression by radio-iodinated BSA or caused by the elimination of the corresponding lymphocyte clone according to the clonal deletion theory. Therefore, rabbits, rendered tolerant BSA antigen were treated with another antigen, bovine gamma globulin (BCG) and developed classical immune complex glomerulonephritis and vice versa. These results strongly suggest a specific elimination of the effector cell clones only, the exact mechanism of which still remains to be elucidated.

Animals↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Antigen-specific suppression of the experimental immune complex glomerulonephritis in rabbits by means of highly hot labelled antigen.

We succeeded in suppressing almost completely the development of glomerular immune disease in a new experimental model, i.e. in the model of immune complex glomerulonephritis. Previous injection of highly hot labelled BSA was able to prevent very significantly the appearance of kidney injury. This result must be interpreted as the consequence of suppression of the synthesis of anti-BSA-antibody by means of previously applied highly hot labelled BSA. As a consequence of the lack of anti-BSA-antibodies there is no formation of antigen-antibody complexes, no deposition of these complexes in the glomerulus basement membrane, and no development of glomerular immune complex disease. Radioactivity alone (125I coupled to HGH) was not capable of modifying or suppressing the synthesis of antibody and consequently, the formation of antigen-antibody complexes.

Animals↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[Serum morphine concentrations and analgesia in epidural or subcutaneous morphine administration in obstetrics].

The analgesic effect of three mg morphine hydrochloride administered either epidurally or subcutaneously to 14 primiparae was compared. The maternal serum concentrations of morphine were determined in defined intervals over a period of four hours. Analgesia was significantly superior following epidural morphine, but unsatisfactory in both groups. Good pain relief was achieved by subsequent epidural administrations of bupivacaine.

Adolescent↗