PubMed Health⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

G Borges

Publications and source records attributed to G Borges.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1999

Pilonidal cyst on the vault. Case report.

Pilonidal cysts and sinuses are described as dermoid cysts which contain follicles of hairs and sebaceous glands. They clinically present as a classic case of inflammation which comes with pain, local infection and redness. The origin of pilonidal disease remains controverse. There are many hypothesis as lack of hygiene on the affected area and a penetration and growth of a hair in the subcutaneous tissue caused by constant friction or direct trauma on the damaged area. The option for clinical treatment is very frequent. However, taking into consideration the incidence and the possibility of recidive, surgical treatment is presently recommended. Complications include cellulitis and abscess formation. Pilonidal cysts are mostly found on the sacral region. In the literature is found description of pilonidal cysts on the penis, interdigital region on the hands as well as on the cervical region. We present a case of pilonidal cyst located on the vault biparietal region, without malignant degeneration.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

Arachnoid cyst: adversity and plasticity.

We report four cases of surgically treated intracranial arachnoid cysts, one with cyst-peritoneal shunt and three with craniotomy and arachnoid membrane resection. Their classification and etiopathogeny are discussed, and especially the different methods of treatment comparing the drastic complications (adversities) with the favorable solutions in severe clinical cases (plasticity) treated at our institution.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1999

[Thrombosis of the internal artery secondary to soft palate injury: case report].

Stroke following intraoral trauma is a rare complication of a common childhood injury. In the literature these complications have been well documented, however this condition is still infrequent. In order to alert the physicians about this possible injury we report our experience with one case. Computer tomography and magnetic resonance imaging evidenced complete occlusion of the internal carotid artery. Pathogenesis of this oral trauma is discussed.

Carotid Artery Thrombosis↗
PubMed1998

Male drinking and violence-related injury in the emergency room.

AIMS: To present epidemiological measures of associations between violence-related injuries (assaults and fights), alcohol consumption prior to the event, and drinking patterns among males attending hospital emergency rooms (ERs) in Mexico City. DESIGN: All patients were interviewed and breath tested for alcohol consumption. The data were analyzed using a case-control design. SETTING: Eight ERs in Mexico City that were representative of the types of emergency care systems available in that city (from public, private and social security systems hospitals). PARTICIPANTS: Cases were males patients (n = 445) admitted to the ER because of a fight or an assault. The control group was comprised of patients (n = 320) admitted to the ER because of accidents that are less frequently reported a alcohol-related (i.e. work-place accidents, animal bites or recreational accidents excluding near drowning). MEASUREMENTS: A breath sample to estimate BAG, as well as an interviewer-administered questionnaire were used. FINDINGS: Alcohol consumption prior to injury was found to be a more important risk factor than usual drinking for injuries resulting from violence, while quantity of usual alcohol consumption was more predictive of violence-related injuries than frequency of drinking. CONCLUSIONS: These data suggest the importance of using more appropriate control groups when estimating associations of alcohol and violence-related injuries so that associations will not be underestimated. More research is needed to establish unbiased estimates of alcohol-related violence.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1998

Alcohol consumption in emergency room patients and the general population: a population-based study.

Our purpose was to obtain epidemiological measures of the association between habitual alcohol consumption, alcohol consumption before the event and alcohol abuse/dependence, and emergency room (ER) attendance compared to the general population in Pachuca-Hidalgo, a city located in the central area of Mexico. The study was a population based case-control design. Data consisted of breath samples to estimated blood alcohol concentration, as well as an interviewer-administered questionnaire, collected on a 24-hr basis, during the entire week, in each of the three main ERs of Pachuca. Cases were all patients who visited the three main hospitals ERs during the study period, classified according to their status as an injured or noninjured (medically ill) patient (n = 1511). The general population sample (n = 920) serves as a comparison group for both types of patients. Injured patients in the ER sample were significantly more likely to report high frequency/high quantity of drinking during the last 12 months than the general population [odds ratio and 95% confidence intervals = 5.55 (1.72-17.97)] and to report drinking within 6 hr before the injury. These relationships did not hold for noninjured patients. Both types of patients were more likely to report high frequency of drunkenness during the preceding 12 months, to be positive for alcohol dependence and to report drug use. We found in the city of Pachuca, a large relationship between habitual alcohol consumption and ER injuries. These findings support associations of alcohol consumption and admission to an emergency room found in ER and general population studies in other countries. Due to the increases in the risk found for abuse/dependent in both injured and noninjured patients, they both would benefit with a brief intervention strategy for reducing their alcohol consumption.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1997

Fears and other suspected risk factors for carrying lethal weapons among urban youths of middle-school age.

OBJECTIVE: To estimate the strength of a suspected causal association between fearfulness and carrying a lethal weapon among urban middle-school students, while holding constant other suspected risk factors. DESIGN: A prospective study of an epidemiological sample assessed at baseline in 1992 and 1 year later, with relative risk estimates derived from the conditional form of the multiple logistic regression model used to hold constant alternative explanatory variables. SETTING: An urban environment in the mid-Atlantic region of the United States. PARTICIPANTS: An epidemiological sample of 1131 youths enrolled in public middle schools. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Carrying a lethal weapon for protection or defense during a 1-year observation interval after the baseline assessment of fears and other suspected risk factors. RESULTS: Of the 1131 youths, 194 (17%) reported carrying a lethal weapon for protection or defense during the 1-year interval of follow-up observation after baseline; 937 youths (83%) reported that they had not carried a lethal weapon for any reason. Self-reported fears, deviant peer affiliation, and worrying were associated with risk of starting to carry a weapon. For youths with the lowest worrying scores, the lowest neighborhood danger scores, and the least affiliation with deviant peers, self-reported fears were associated with risk of starting to carry a lethal weapon (relative risk estimate, 1.68; 95% confidence interval, 1.11-2.52; P = .01), even after holding constant age, sex, and conduct problems. However, the fear of crowded or closed-in places and the fear of leaving home alone were more salient risk factors than the fear of using public transportation or the fear of open spaces. CONCLUSIONS: In this study, youths with fears were at greater risk of carrying a lethal weapon for protection or defense, even when alternative explanatory variables were taken into account. Pending confirmation by other investigators, this new finding could point out a useful target for public health interventions to reduce the carrying of weapons and associated violence in urban America.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1997

Cerebral aneurysms. Assessment of 50 cases operated on and comparison with previous series.

A retrospective analysis of 50 patients who suffered subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) treated at UNICAMP between April 1988 and March 1992 is made, distributed as 34% in Hunt & Hess grade I, 38% in grade II, 16% in grade III, and 12% in grade IV. Males were predominant (66.6%), and patients age varied around 47 +/- 12.13 years old. Only 13 patients (26%) were admitted within the first 24 hours after bleeding, with an overall average of 20.45 days of delay. From all cases only one had a rebleeding, survived and was submitted to surgery. Four patients died after surgery (8%). Timing of operation and prognostic chances were available, being 27.30 days after SAH for Hunt & Hess group I. It is analyzed also the timing for diagnosis-which responded for the most delay, and treatment for the other groups, and a historical comparison with previous series since year 1956 of the same Hospital were documented. Good results were observed in 38 cases (76%). The overall results in terms of mortality and morbidity is, in comparison, in accordance with the literature, and is ameliorated from the past series due to technical improvement, despite worsen difficulties in managing admittance, diagnosis and treatment faster, which is required to deal with the disease.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

Alcohol consumption and pregnancy in the Mexican national addiction survey.

In 1988, the General Directorate of Epidemiology and the Mexican Institute of Psychiatry conducted the first National Addiction Survey (ENA), providing regional and national data on alcohol, tobacco, and drug use. The ENA providing a subsample of women who have been pregnant at some time in their lives. There were 5,234 affirmative responses. Women were asked if they had suffered any of three adverse outcomes during their last pregnancy: spontaneous abortion, stillbirth, and congenital abnormalities. Prevalence of spontaneous abortion was 3.8%, stillbirth 1.2%, and congenital abnormalities 1.1 %. Multiple logistic-regression models were used to analyze the effect of alcohol consumption on these problems. Consumption during pregnancy was related only with the prevalence of congenital abnormalities, with prevalence odds of 3.4. Among habitual users during the last 12 months, oniy women in the highest use category showed an important relationship with the three problems mentioned. Follow-up studies on the Mexican population are recommended in order to obtain more conclusive findings.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1996

Suicide attempts and alcohol consumption in an emergency room sample.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to obtain an epidemiologic measure of association between suicide attempts and alcohol consumption in eight emergency room (ER) hospitals. METHOD: All patients were interviewed and breath tested for alcohol consumption. The data were analyzed using the case-control methodology. Cases were patients (N = 40; 21 male) admitted to ER because of a suicide attempt. The control group comprised patients (N = 372) admitted to ER because of accidents that are less frequently reported as alcohol related (i.e., workplace accidents, animal bites, and recreational accidents, except drowning). RESULTS: The proportion of suicide attempts under the effects of alcohol was significantly higher than that of the control group. The bivariate odds ratios (and 95% confidence intervals) for self-report of alcohol consumption in the 6 hours prior to the suicide attempt were: abstainers (baseline); 0.001-100 g of alcohol = 2.01 (0.44, 7.85); > 100 g = 31.11 (10.13, 98.61). For habitual alcohol consumption; abstainers (baseline); 0.001-100 g of alcohol = 0.67 (0.25, 1.77); > 100 g = 1.10 (0.44, 2.75). For Alco-Sensor: < or = 9 mg of alcohol/100 ml of blood (baseline); 10.99 mg/100 ml = 8.21 (2.81, 23.73); > or = 100 mg/100 ml = 2.97 (0.42, 15.95). Multiple logistic models did not change these findings. CONCLUSIONS: Alcohol consumption prior to the suicide attempt is a more important risk factor than the habitual alcohol consumption pattern. New research should emphasize life events and psychiatric variables and find explanations for differences between the self-reported and the Alco-Sensor estimates.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1995

The growth of conduct problem behaviors from middle childhood to early adolescence: sex differences and the suspected influence of early alcohol use.

OBJECTIVE: This study investigates the levels and rates of growth of conduct problem behaviors over time in an urban sample of American youth. Our hypotheses focused on differences between the sexes and between youths with and those without early use of alcohol without parental permission. METHOD: Data for this study are from an ongoing epidemiologic study of urban public school students, recruited originally at the time of their entry into Grades 1-2 between 1985 and 1987. Each spring, from 1991 to 1993, a total of 1,212 students were interviewed privately for this study. A total of 408 (54.2% female, 84.7% black) respondents met study criteria as either an "early unsanctioned alcohol user" or an "abstainer." These youths constitute the analytic subsample. RESULTS: Estimates from longitudinal growth modeling analyses showed that boys and girls had different initial levels of conduct problem behaviors, but similar rates of growth. Both the initial level of conduct problem behaviors and the rates of growth were greater for early unsanctioned alcohol users as compared to abstainers. In a combined analysis the difference between early unsanctioned alcohol users and abstainers seemed to offset the initially observed sex difference. CONCLUSION: Early alcohol use without parental permission was associated with higher levels of conduct problem behaviors by the ages of 10-12 years and higher rates of growth in those behaviors during the transition from late childhood to early adolescence for both boys and girls, although the levels differed by sex. It may be that unsanctioned early alcohol use puts youths on an accelerated pathway of conduct problem behaviors and development of conduct disorder in adolescence.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1995

[Brainstem hemorrhage after surgical removal of arachnoid cyst of the Sylvian fissure: a case report].

The authors report a case of a hemorrhage of the brainstem after craniotomy for resection of a huge arachnoid cyst of the sylvian fissure on the left hemisphere. The previous simptomatology included clinical signs of increased intracranial pressure, and the computerized tomography showed midline shift. Some factors may contribute to brain hemorrhage post-operatively: cerebral edema, ipsilateral changes in the venous reflux and blood perfusion, although the physiopathology remains obscure. A more careful approach is suggested in such cases with intracranial hypertension.

Arachnoid Cysts↗
PubMed1994

Casualties in Acapulco: results of a study on alcohol use and emergency room care.

This article reports the results of an emergency room study carried out in 1987 in three hospitals in Acapulco, Mexico. All patients were interviewed and breath tested for alcohol consumption. The data were analyzed using the case-control methodology. Cases were falls, motor vehicle accidents, fights and assaults, and home accidents. The control group included patients for whom accidents are less frequently reported as alcohol related, i.e., those reporting work place accidents, animal bites and recreational accidents. For positive breathalyzer readings (> or = 10 mg/100 ml of blood alcohol), the odds ration and 95% confidence intervals were statistically significant for falls, 3.45 (1.23-9.66); motor vehicle accidents, 3.85 (1.21-12.01); and fights and assaults, 5.23 (2.36-12.95). The association was non-significant for home accidents, 0.78 (0.20-2.98). Possible biases of this approach are discussed and recommendations are made for selecting better controls for future emergency room studies.

Accidental Falls↗
PubMed1993

Alcohol consumption, low birth weight, and preterm delivery in the National Addiction Survey (Mexico).

In 1988 the Mexican General Directorate of Epidemiology and the Mexican Institute of Psychiatry carried out the first National Addiction Survey that provided prevalence estimates at national and regional levels of alcohol consumption, tobacco smoking, and several other drugs use. In addition, a questionnaire included questions regarding alcohol consumption during pregnancy and adverse outcomes. According to the results of logistic regression, women classified as suffering from Alcohol Dependence Syndrome had a very high risk of low birth weight and/or preterm delivery: Odds ratio = 12.1 with a 95% confidence interval of (1.3, 108.9) and p = .026. After controlling for several confounding variables, the findings remained basically the same.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

[Alcohol and the risk of injuries in 3 emergency services in Acapulco, Mexico].

The present study of 421 cases and controls was conducted in three hospitals in the city of Acapulco, Mexico, over a one-month period to determine whether alcohol consumption constitutes a risk factor in four types of traumatic events: assaults and fights, falls, traffic accidents, and domestic accidents. A total of 274 cases were selected from the population over 15 years of age who presented at the emergency services in the three hospitals for injuries sustained in these occurrences, together with 126 controls from the same age group who consulted the services because of occupational accidents, sports injuries, and animal and insect bites. The amount of alcohol consumed prior to the trauma was measured by blood alcohol concentration (determined by an alcoholometer) and the degree and state of intoxication reported by the patient himself. The relative risk associated with each variable was calculated using the odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence intervals. Logistic regression was used to control the OR for sex, age, schooling, place of residence, occupation, and time of the week when the injury occurred. The results showed that moderate alcoholemia (10-99 mg/100 ml) constitutes a risk factor for assaults and fights (OR = 12.77; CI = 3.69-44.15) and traffic accidents (OR = 8.96; CI = 2.01-39.96). On the other hand, there was no significant correlation between the four types of injury and alcoholemia over 99 mg/100 ml.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Cerebral aneurysms: assessment of 377 cases (1956-1982).

A review of 177 patients with cerebral aneurysms is made, out of whom 106 with ruptured aneurysms were examined, whose operational timing and prognostic chances were well documented (group B, 1979-1982) and in part updated to 1984. Furthermore, relevant data of a previous series of 200 cases of cerebral aneurysm, treated between 1956-1978 were used (group A). The patients were graded according to Hunt and Hess, assessing the risks involved. The percentages of recurrent bleeding were in group A 36.5% and 28% in group B. The incidence of vasospasm (as seen in angiography) was in group B 39.6% (42/106 patients). The highest rate of vasospasm in the spasm group division B was found to occur in the second and third week after subarachnoid haemorrhage and amounted to 64.7% and 62.5%. A pre-operatively present vasospasm had no negative effects on the mortality rate, but influenced the outcome for the survivors effectively. The total mortality in group A was 22.5% and in group B 11.7%. Timing of the operation among patients in Hunt and Hess-grades I and II needs to discussion. The surgical position of patients in grade V is also certain. What remains to be discussed and needs attention is grade III and patients in grade IVa. Here the time of operative intervention must be planned individually depending on the course of the neurological status.

Cerebral Angiography↗
PubMed1990

Management of giant aneurysms.

Technical aspects and anatomical difficulties involved in the management of this entity and the risks associated give giant aneurysms a special place in the treatment of aneurysms as a whole. The direct attack needs careful planning and the right choice of instruments, especially clips. In spite of the progress in recent years, the rate of mortality is still very high. The indirect approach requires in many cases the occlusion of a major cerebral vessel, which in some cases could result in cerebral ischemia. However, by means of extra-intracranial by-pass operation this risk could be reduced. The method of balloon embolisation has progressed recently. This procedure brings the least discomfort to the patient. Results of this method of treatment must be observed critically for future assessment.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

Development and operation of portable and laboratory electrical stimulation systems for walking in paraplegic subjects.

Two new stimulation systems have been designed for use in functional neuromuscular stimulation of paralyzed people; one is portable and one is a nonportable laboratory system. Compared to previous systems, these have greatly enhanced capabilities, especially in terms of memory capacity, expandability, and user interface. They are extensively operator programmable. The laboratory stimulation system was designed to provide quick turnaround time for stimulation pattern or program changes while maintaining complete compatibility with the portable system. The lab system will also accomodate external closed-loop control.

Electric Stimulation Therapy↗