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Biomedical subjects

G Borges

Publications and source records attributed to G Borges.

52 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1987

[Clinical correlations of vascular spasms in the surgery of aneurysms].

62 patients with SHA were treated in the Hospital of the UNICAMP during 1984/85; all were diagnosticated with CT and/or angiography. Only 52 patients were submitted to surgery. Out of these, only 18 patients (35%) presented VS preoperatively. Until the 6th day after beginning of the hemorrhage, 34 patients non presenting VS were operated, 7 (20%) of these suffered clinical deterioration after surgery. The mortality rate lies by 23% (12 patients), 41% of them (5 patients) presented) VS preoperatively. Of the 10 patients non operated 3 died.

Cerebral Angiography↗
PubMed1986

[Infratentorial malignant neurinoma: report of a case].

A solitary malignant schwannoma of the foramen jugular, unassociated with von Recklinghausen's disease in a two years and nine months old girl is presented. A partial removal of the tumor was carried out. The low incidence in this age group is emphasized in report to the literature reviewed.

Child, Preschool↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Suicide attempts in a sample of patients from a general hospital.

BACKGROUND: Suicide in Mexico has risen steadily in recent years, increasing by 156% in the last two decades. The study of suicide precursors, such as suicide attempts, has also become an important public health topic. The aim of this study is to establish the prevalence of suicide attempts in a general hospital setting and its association with alcohol, depression, and other factors. METHODS: A cross-sectional survey of a sample of patients was carried out in all three service units (inpatient, outpatient, and the emergency room) of a general hospital in Mexico City. All patients were randomly selected to participate regardless of the reason for initial hospital admission. Each patient was administered a series of psychological and demographic scales including the Beck Depression Inventory, the Beck Hopelessness Inventory, the General Health Questionnaire, a suicide assessment scale, a scale for alcohol consumption, and several measurements of alcohol-related problems. RESULTS: The final sample was made up of 1,094 patients of both genders (68% women), aged 18-65 years. A lifetime prevalence of suicide attempts of 6.1% (95% confidence interval [CI] of 4.7-7.7%) was found. Multiple logistic regression was used to obtain estimations of the association between lifetime suicide attempt and other factors. Marital status, age, depressed mood, hopelessness, Goldberg's 30-item version of the General Health Questionnaire, and high levels of alcohol consumption were all associated with the suicide attempt. CONCLUSIONS: Prevalence of lifetime suicide attempts was mainly related to being young, divorced, or widowed, and to feeling depressed, hopeless, and under undesirable psychological distress.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Comorbidity of substance use disorders with mood and anxiety disorders: results of the International Consortium in Psychiatric Epidemiology.

This article reports the results of a cross-national investigation of patterns of comorbidity between substance use and psychiatric disorders in six studies participating in the International Consortium in Psychiatric Epidemiology. In general, there was a strong association between mood and anxiety disorders as well as conduct and antisocial personality disorder with substance disorders at all sites. The results also suggest that there is a continuum in the magnitude of comorbidity as a function of the spectrum of substance use category (use, problems, dependence), as well as a direct relationship between the number of comorbid disorders and increasing levels of severity of substance use disorders (which was particularly pronounced for drugs). Finally, whereas there was no specific temporal pattern of onset for mood disorders in relation to substance disorders, the onset of anxiety disorders was more likely to precede that of substance disorders in all countries. These results illustrate the contribution of cross-national data to understanding the patterns and risk factors for psychopathology and substance use disorders.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Characteristics of Mexican women admitted to emergency care units. Alcohol consumption and related problems.

OBJECTIVE: This article describes the demographic characteristics and psychological differences in a sample of female heavy and non-heavy drinkers who attended three emergency services of the Mexican city of Pachuca, Hidalgo. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A sample of patients seen at emergency services (ES) patients over the age of 18 was selected using ES admission forms. Twenty-five-minute, face-to-face interviews were conducted by a group of trained interviewers. Patients answered various questionnaires and scales to measure alcohol consumption and to provide information on variables that have proved to be related to female drinking. RESULTS: Thirty-six women (5.2%) out of 717 of the total number of women were found to be heavy drinkers according to the TWEAK scale. This group of women had 2.3 times the risk of becoming depressed, 2.87 times the risk of taking other drugs, 1.95 times the likelihood of having been sexually abused and 1.57 times the risk of displaying suicidal ideation. CONCLUSIONS: Data from this small analysis confirm international findings that problem drinking among females throughout the life cycle is linked to depression. As regards the screening instruments employed, it is necessary to conduct more in-depth research to enrich their contents and increase their reliability and validity when used among female populations. In this study, the TWEAK proved to be extremely useful for studies in emergency services.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Alcoholic beverage consumption in the patients of the emergency services of the city of Pachuca, Hidalgo].

OBJECTIVE: Prevalence of alcohol consumption and abuse among patients with medical emergencies, accidents and violence, attending an emergency room in one of three public health hospitals in Pachuca, Hidalgo, was studied. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Patients answered a questionnaire and their blood alcohol was measured on their first visit to the emergency room. The questionnaire gathered socio-demographic data, patterns of alcohol consumption and included scales for heavy and dependent drinkers, such as the CAGE and the alcohol use disorders identification test (AUDIT). Injured and non-injured patients were compared with the chi 2 statistics. RESULTS: A total of 1,511 patients were evaluated. Alcohol consumption was higher in those attending for accidents or violence than in medical patients. Positive blood alcohol levels were found in 17.7% of injured patients and 15.8% reported alcohol consumption 6 hours prior to the accident. According to the CAGE, 9.2% of the patients were alcohol-dependent, and 10.9% were heavy drinkers according to the AUDIT. CONCLUSIONS: Alcohol consumption, especially among emergency room patients attending for accidents or injuries is high. Preventive measures are indispensable to diminish social and individual costs of alcohol abuse in this population.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Influence of the family history of alcohol consumption in men and women].

OBJECTIVE: To assess the risk for alcohol abuse among individuals with a positive family history of alcohol abuse (FH+). MATERIAL AND METHODS: The study population was a sample (n = 8,890) drawn from a 1988 national survey on addictions in Mexico City's urban population. Data analysis consisted of frequency and association measures, using family history of alcohol abuse as the exposure factor. RESULTS: Prevalence of heavy drinking was 13.7% for males and 0.6% for females. Alcohol dependence syndrome was found in 9.9% of males and 0.6% of females. Men with HF+ were twice more likely to develop dependence syndrome than HF- males. The odds ratio for women was 1.27. CONCLUSIONS: Differential patterns by gender were found for familial transmission of alcohol abuse; parental alcohol intake is a main risk factor for developing alcohol dependence syndrome.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Liver cirrhosis mortality in Mexico. I. Relevant epidemiological characteristics].

Previous studies have emphasized the impact of alcoholism on public health, especially on the incidence of liver cirrhosis, which ranks among one of the main causes of death in Mexico. Accordingly, the epidemiologic features of liver cirrhosis mortality (LCM) are examined, highlighting its historical trends, its geographical distribution and other risk factors like age and sex. The data show a consistently high LCM rate over time, male rates moving slightly up and female rates down. Proportional mortality has been increasing. The significant risk increment with age has determined LCM to be the leading cause of death for both sexes in the 30-64 years age group. A particularly interesting finding relates to the continuous excess of LCM seen in Mexico City and four surrounding states; on the contrary, in the northern states, LCM is considerably low. This difference is valid for women too. Comparing all states, a gradient of LCM rates from high to low mortality areas is observed. The social and health implications of LCM regional distribution demand the conduction of epidemiological studies to identify possible explanatory variables related to the pattern of alcohol consumption or other risk factors. Nonetheless, these data alone justify the implementation of an effective action plan in the high-risk areas to deal with this health problem, inherently associated with individual and social behaviors.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Liver cirrhosis mortality in Mexico. II. Excess mortality and pulque consumption].

Over the years high cirrhosis mortality rates have been reported in Mexico City and in the surrounding states (Hidalgo, Tlaxcala, Puebla and the State of Mexico); on the contrary, well defined areas, such as the northern states, have shown a considerably lower mortality rate. This situation may indicate that some factors such as the pattern of alcoholic intake and other environmental characteristics could explain this striking difference. To determine the role of alcohol, the availability and consumption of alcohol at regional and state level were compared with cirrhosis mortality rates. A high and statistically significant correlation was found with pulque availability and consumption (r = 72-92%, p less than 0.01) in all periods of time under examination. On the contrary, a statistically significant negative association was observed with beer consumption and a positive, but not significant correlation, with distilled alcoholic beverages. Infectious hepatitis incidence, prevalence of exclusive use of native languages (as an indirect index of ethnic background) and nutritional deficiencies were also studied as possible risk factors. Nutritional deficiencies and the prevalence of exclusive use of náhuatl and otomí languages were positively correlated. These results can be useful to conduct further epidemiological studies still needed to determine the etiologic role of pulque consumption as well as of the other risk factors. Nonetheless, the current data stress the need to implement public health programs to reduce alcohol consumption, especially pulque, and to minimize the impact of these risk factors in high mortality areas.

Alcohol Drinking↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Postneonatal mortality caused by diarrhea: a case-control study].

A matched case-control study was undertaken in Naucalpan de Juárez, Estado de México. The goal of this study was to identify the risk factors for diarrheal disease in children between seven days and one year of age. We identified 63 case and 188 controls. The most important risk factors were: mother's age greater than 36 years with an odds ratis (OR) 3.7, lack of breastfeeding (OR 11.3), breast and bottle feeding (OR 5.4), lack of intradomiciliary sewage (OR 8.3), repeated episoded of disease (OR 8.6) and father's consumption alcoholic beverages (OR 3.6). The main possible paths by which these factors influence mortality are discussed. Specific interventions for some of the factors are proposed.

Case-Control Studies↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[The prevalence of chronic drinkers in Mexico: an ecologic analysis].

Alcohol consumption is an important element in the epidemiologic profile of Mexico. This can be confirmed observing the increased per capita consumption of certain alcoholic beverages (like beer and wine), alcohol related medical problems (e.g. liver cirrhosis), social problems (i.e. violence) and by the data provided by household surveys of prevalence of alcohol consumption in Mexico since the 60's. The population's consumption of alcoholic beverages has generated concern, as the Simple Distribution Theory (SDT) predicts that an increment in the per capita alcohol consumption is likely to be accompanied by an increment of heavy drinkers. This increment is, then, related to a theoretical increment in alcohol related damages. In order to partially test the SDT data from a series of surveys done in the country, six surveys of the 70's were used. Those surveys were executed in six cities, the capital of five states and the capital of the Republic, with a comparable methodology and definition of alcohol consumption. We used prevalence data of heavy drinkers in those cities as an independent variable for a series of medical and social problems, in a multiple-group comparison study. In general, the results do not support the SDT in the case of mortality by liver cirrhosis, suicide and traffic deaths, or for alcohol related offenses at the Federal Courts. Nevertheless, the results seem to support the SDT for some groups in Common Court offenses and for the rate of traffic accidents. In a comparison with other independent variables (prevalence of abstainers, per capita bars, illiteracy, unemployment, and population density), the prevalence of heavy drinkers and population density were the best. Both obtained the largest number of statistically significant correlations with the problems studied. For the prevalence of heavy drinkers some of those correlations were in the inverse sense as predicted by the SDT.

Accidents, Traffic↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Epidemiology of suicide in Mexico, 1970-1984].

OBJECTIVE: This paper reports data of suicide as a cause of death in Mexico from 1970 to 1994. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Death certificates and census data were used as the main sources for this study. RESULTS: In 1970 554 suicide deaths were reported for both genders. In 1994 there were 2 603 deaths. During this period the suicide death rate increased from 1.13 per 100 000 inhabitants to 2.89 per 100 000 inhabitants, which represents an increase of 156% in 24 years. Nevertheless, a higher increase was seen among males; 169% for this period as compared to 98% among females. In 1970 the proportional suicide mortality rate was 0.11% of total deaths; in 1994, an increase to 0.62% was observed. During the study period, the highest increase in the suicide rate was seen in the older groups (65 years and over). Nevertheless, an increase was also seen among the younger population (those aged under 19 years). In 1994, the last year of the series, the highest rates were found among males, especially among those aged 65 and over. Differences were found also in the suicide rates among the states of the Mexican Republic. In 1994 the State of Tlaxcala and the State of Mexico reported the lowest rates. The highest rates were found in Tabasco and Campeche. Thus, the highest suicide rates were seen in the southeast and the lowest rates in the central part of the country. CONCLUSIONS: Suicide is a growing problem in Mexico, mainly occurring among male older adults. Nevertheless, growing rates among young adults call for suicide prevention and care programs.

Adolescent↗