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Biomedical subjects

G Brecht

Publications and source records attributed to G Brecht.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1984

[Value of ultrasound in screening for liver metastases and liver involvement in malignant systemic disease].

The value of sonography as a primary screening method for the diagnosis of liver metastases or liver involvement by malignant lymphoma has been investigated in 163 patients. The following results were obtained: sensitivity 92%, specificity 80%, accuracy 85%. In 109 patients CT findings were also considered. The high proportion of correct positive and low proportion of low false negative findings makes sonography the method of choice for primary screening. The figures also indicate that if sonography is negative, other diagnostic procedures are unnecessary. If sonography is abnormal, but the findings are not clear, then computed tomography is indicated.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

[Venous digital subtraction angiography of the renal arteries in hypertensive patients].

We carried out 1890 venous digital subtraction angiograms; this included 113 patients with hypertension in order to exclude renal artery stenosis. On four occasions it was used following surgery on a renal artery. Renal artery stenosis or occlusion was demonstrated in twelve patients, and other vascular diseases or anomalies were found in 24. Two abnormal renal arteries were found following renal artery surgery. The results are compared with smaller groups of patients examined by DSA, and with the results of conventional subtraction methods reported in the literature. In only eight patients (6.8%) DSA provided insufficient information and had to be supplemented by aortography. The method has proved to be a valuable and simple screening method for the investigation of hypertension.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

[Asbestosis. Computed tomography in comparison with conventional roentgen diagnosis].

Thirty patients (27 men and 3 women) with an average industrial asbestos exposure of 19 years have been examined. The results of conventional radiography and CT have been analysed and compared with pulmonary function studies. The advantages of CT depend on a better demonstration of the pleura and lung periphery. In 24% of cases plaques were diagnosed by chest x-rays which could, however, be excluded by computed tomography. Correct prediction of restricted ventilation was possible in 84% patients by means of CT. On the other hand, this prediction by means of conventional radiographs could be made reliably only if there was extensive fibrosis.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

[Radiation exposure during ERCP and pneumocolon].

During the course of 50 ERCPs and 70 pneumo-colons, the surface dose in the field and the scatter was measured by CaF2-thermoluminescence dosimetry. The organ dose for both procedures was calculated by using an Alderson-Rando phantom. The results were used for calculating somatic dose indices in order to evaluate the individual and collective risks. Radiological examination of the colon results in two hundred times the gonadal dose produced by ERCP, but produces less radiation to the thyroid, lung and female breast.

Cholangiopancreatography, Endoscopic Retrograde↗
PubMed1981

[CT diagnosis of chronic osteomyelitis (author's transl)].

The CT findings in 20 patients with chronic osteomyelitis, mostly of post-traumatic origin, were compared with conventional radiographs and operative findings. CT diagnosed rather more sequestra than the conventional method. An important advantage of CT is the ability to demonstrate lesions in the medulla and infections in the soft tissues, eg. abscesses. CT should be reserved for cases where conventional methods with tomography leave unsolved problems, and in the present of fistulae.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

[Aortic aneurysms and aortic dissection. Computed tomography - angiography - sonography (author's transl)].

Sixty-four aortic aneurysms and four aortic dissections were studied in two planes with respect to thrombosis, calcification, bleeding and intimal tears. The features demonstrated in 13 abdominal aneurysms by plain films, computed tomography and angiography are described, and the sonographic features in seven. Sonography should be used as a screening method when an abdominal aneurysm is suspected. CT is indicated for thoracic aneurysms, unsatisfactory sonography, suspected involvement of visceral arteries, aortic or iliac artery occlusion, or where bleeding, imminent rupture or dissection are suspected. CT and angiography are complementary methods.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Lateralization procedures in primary aldosteronism.

The diagnostic validity of adrenal isotopic scanning, adrenal venous aldosterone, adrenal phlebography and computed abdominal tomography (CT) was studied in 44 patients with primary aldosteronism. In all patients the diagnosis was confirmed by surgery (unilateral adrenal adenoma n = 32, bilateral adrenal hyperplasia n = 12). Both adrenal scintiscan, adrenal venous aldosterone and CT allowed in a comparable high percentage of patients (71%0 the exact classification of the adrenal lesion(s), whereas adrenal phlebography could distinguish adenoma from hyperplasia in 57%. Marked differences between the lateralization procedures, however, were observed in predicting incorrect preoperative indentification: adrenal scintiscan 29%, adrenal venous aldosterone 3%, adrenal veno-graphy 6% and CT 0%. Finally, the percentage of patients in whom no differentiation between the two main subgroups of primary aldosteronism could be obtain varied between 0% with adrenal isotopic scanning and 37% with adrenal phlebography (CT 29% and adrenal venous aldosterone 26%). Both scintiscan and adrenal venous aldosterone were not improved by the administration of dexamethasone. Our findings document that adrenal venous aldosterone determinations, adrenal isotopic scanning and computed tomography are equally valid in differentiating unilateral adenoma from bilateral adrenal hyperplasia in primary aldosteronism. However, adrenal scintiscan is hampered by a relative high percentage of incorrect results independant whether dexamethasone was used or not. Contrary, adrenal venous aldosterone and computed tomography seemed to have no or only a minor risk in assuming an incorrect classification of the adrenal lesion(s).

Adenoma↗
PubMed1980

[The value of computer tomography in the staging of primary lymph node neoplasms (author's transl)].

Staging was undertaken in 118 patients with primary lymph node neoplasms; the sensitivity of computer tomography in the paraaortic region was 80%, that of lymphography 89%. Specificity of computer tomography was 93%, of lymphography 95%. In the iliac region, sensitivity was 81% (CT) and 90% (lymphography), and specificity was 90% (CT) and 97% (Lymphography). The value of computer tomography should, however, be stressed, since it can demonstrate lymph nodes not shown by lymphography, including those in the mediastinum, as well as lesions in the spleen, liver and lungs.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

[Changes in the arteries in the hand and fingers due to vinyl chloride exposure (author's transl)].

The results of angiography of the hand in workers in the vinyl chloride industry are described. Amongst 93 patients, there were 19 on whom angiograms of the hand were performed because of Raynaud-like changes, pain or other pathological findings. All patients examined by angiography showed abnormalities in the vessels in the hands and fingers of varying severity. Vascular occlusions (17 patients), stenoses (9 patients) and thread-like narrowing of the digital arteries (6 patients) with the development of a collateral circulation, were prominent findings. In addition there was elongation and tortuosity of the digital arteries (14 patients) which were regarded as cirsoid aneurysms. The angiographic findings have been correlated with the known histological changes.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

[Early changes in the microangiogram of the rabbit brain after experimental skull and cerebral trauma. Part 1 methods (author's transl)].

Experiments were performed in order to determine what changes occur in the microcirculation of the brain in animals following closed skull trauma, when these occur in relation to the trauma and what further changes are to be expected. In the first part of the paper suitable experimental methods are described. Skull trauma was inflicted to anaesthetised rabbits by means of a special apparatus by which impact speed, force, frequency, acceleration and period of contact could be determined. Three, five, ten and 15 minutes following the trauma, a special mixture was injected through a catheter in the aortic arch and the animals were decapitated. The brain was sectioned in three anatomically defined places and examined histologically and by microangiography. For the latter purpose glass plate coated with emulsion, a special exposure chamber and an x-ray tube with small focal spot were used. Exposures of five minutes permitted objects of 0.78 micrometers to be sharply resolved. Twenty-one defined areas were enlarged 360 times and compared with histologic sections. The normal microcirculation in the rabbit brain is described.

Angiography↗
PubMed1980

[Computer tomography in emergency diagnosis (author's transl)].

The results of 150 examinations by computed tomography in emergency situations are described (about 5% of all CT examinations). There were 80 examinations of the skull, 65 of the abdomen and five of the mediastinum. The results are shown in two tables and include the diagnosis of bleeding, infarcts and inflammatory lesions (abscesses, encephalitis, acute pancreatitis). The morphologic and densitometric findings are compared with the literature and with other imaging procedures. Computer tomography has assumed the most important place in the emergency diagnosis of the skull; as regards the abdomen, it reaches its limitations in the presence of acute vascular occlusion and diseases of the gastro-intestinal tract. In this situation other procedures (contrast studies, angiography) and endoscopy are to be preferred since these demonstrate the tubular organs longitudinally, unlike the transverse image produced by the CT scan. Acute diseases of the lungs can be demonstrated more quickly and simply by conventional radiography. CT is a non-invasive and rapid procedure, which can demonstrate haemorrhages, abscesses and exudates in the mediastinum and abdomen directly and also show their topography. The method is therefore essential for emergency diagnosis of conditions involving the trunk.

Adolescent↗