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Biomedical subjects

G Calabria

Publications and source records attributed to G Calabria.

34 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1994

Measurement variability in digital analysis of optic discs.

The optic disc of nine patients with typical glaucomatous disc damage and ten normal controls has been studied by means of the Optic Disc Analysis program of the Topcon Image-net System. Vertical, horizontal and average cup/disc ratio (VC/D, HC/D, AC/D), disc, cup, rim area (DA, CA, RA), cup volume (CV) have been evaluated and the coefficient of variation (COV) of multiple measurements was calculated. For intra-observer intra-image variability assessment, sterovideographs of each disc were taken once and analyzed 10 times (COV range: 1.39-12.08%). Intra-observer interimage variability was evaluated on eight stereovideographs of each disc taken at one minute intervals (COV range: 1.63-96%). Inter-observer intra-image measurements were taken on each disc by 5 different observer (COV range: 1.28-27.08%).

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Conjunctival surface damage distribution in keratoconjunctivitis sicca. An impression cytology study.

Impression cytology was used to study the ocular surface of 32 eyes with keratoconjunctivitis sicca. Among these eyes, on the basis of the results of the Schirmer I test, two groups of eyes have been identified. The first group with Schirmer test less than 5.5 mm/5 min showed decreased concentration of goblet cells and increased cytoplasm/nucleus ratio on all the areas of the bulbar conjunctiva. The second group, with Schirmer test greater than 5.5 mm/5 min, showed similar changes to be localized in the interpalpebral bulbar conjunctiva only, while the eye surface protected by the lids was almost normal. These observations suggest a pathogenetic role of tear evaporation in eyes with tear film instability even in the presence of a 'theoretically' normal tear production.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Pigmentary retinal dystrophy associated with pigmentary glaucoma.

Two young brothers were bilaterally affected by pigmentary glaucoma and extensive symmetrical changes of the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE). Fundus changes consisted in widespread salt-and-pepper RPE mottling and pigment clumping, sparing only the peripapillary and foveal areas. During the course of 4 years, one of the two patients suffered multiple, recurrent, exudative and hemorrhagic detachments of the RPE that involved the midperiphery and posterior pole. No exudative lesions appeared in the brother. The medical history and systemic laboratory tests were noncontributory in both patients. The ERG was normal and the EOG subnormal. Dark adaptation was delayed and showed an elevation of the scotopic threshold. These cases seem to support the hypothesis that the RPE is also involved in the pigmentary dispersion syndrome. An inherited defect could affect the pigment epithelium in both the anterior and posterior segments of the eye. The multifocal subretinal exudative pattern that occurred in one of our patients has not been previously observed in hereditary disorders of the RPE.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Tear mucus crystallization in children with cystic fibrosis.

Cystic fibrosis is characterized by an abnormally high electrolyte concentration in exocrine secretions. The authors performed the tear mucus ferning test in 26 eyes of children with cystic fibrosis and compared the results to those in an equal number of age-matched normals. The results suggest that the increased electrolyte concentration could be responsible for the increased hyperviscosity of mucus. The tear mucus ferning test appears to be a suitable diagnostic test for the assessment of cystic fibrosis.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

Eye parameters influencing the results of argon laser trabeculoplasty in primary open-angle glaucoma.

Argon laser trabeculoplasty (ALT) was performed on 173 eyes of 126 patients affected by uncontrolled primary open-angle glaucoma. All subjects were phakic. An overall decrease of intraocular pressure (IOP) from baseline of 19.1 (+/- 18) were observed. With linear regression analysis, a positive correlation was found between baseline IOP and percentage IOP fall. The effect of ALT in myopes, hyperopes, younger and older patients was also analyzed. Although a less pronounced IOP fall was observed in the subgroups of higher myopes and of younger patients, no direct relationship could be established between amount of IOP change and age or refraction. In subjects treated bilaterally, a significant correspondence of effect was found between the two eyes.

Aging↗
PubMed1979

The nasal step in normal and glaucomatous visual fields.

We used an original method of kinetic and static analysis to examine the nasal visual field. When the nasal step is less than 4 degrees wide and its depth is less than 0.5 log units it may be merely a physiological sign of the anatomic and functional asymmetry of the retina. Sometimes it is an artifact. The nasal step can also be a glaucomatous defect. In this case it is often an early sign and it is wider than 4 degrees and its depth is greater than 0.5 log units. Because of its typical shape and invariable location it is easy to discover by kinetic perimetry and easy to check by static perimetry. If it is an early glaucomatous defect, it can be reversed. In practice the nasal step is an early and characteristic glaucomatous field defect like the isolated scotomas in the Bjerrum area, and it is easily detected and can be used as a sensitive marker in the follow up of glaucomatous damage.

Glaucoma↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Decreased corneal complications after no-reflux, low-dose 5 fluorouracil subconjunctival injection following trabeculectomy.

In order to reduce corneal complications in 27 glaucomatous eyes that underwent trabeculectomy and postoperative subconjunctival injection of 5-fluorouracil we tried 1) a low-dose administration of 5-fluorouracil and 2) a modified subconjunctival injection technique. The mean total 5-fluorouracil dose was 18.0 +/- 6 mg. A life-table analysis showed a success rate, at 15 months, of 78% (+/- 7 S.E.). Four of the 27 eyes (13%) had corneal complications, limited to punctate keratopathy, with no corneal epithelial defects and/or abrasions. Our study shows that corneal complications decreased when the contact between 5-fluorouracil and the ocular surface was reduced.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Choroidal hemangioma treated with photodynamic therapy using verteporfin: report of a case.

PURPOSE: To report the results of treatment of circumscribed choroidal hemangioma with a single application of photodynamic therapy (PDT) with verteporfin according to the Treatment of Age-related Macular Degeneration with Photodynamic Therapy study. METHODS: A 44-year-old man with unilateral decreased vision and macular subretinal fluid secondary to a circumscribed choroidal hemangioma diagnosed by fluorescein and indocyanine green angiography and ultrasonography underwent PDT with verteporfin therapy. RESULTS: One year after PDT, subretinal fluid was absent and visual acuity improved. CONCLUSIONS: The results obtained in this case are in keeping with previously reported results; however, future randomized studies are necessary to evaluate and standardize different infusion times in order to obtain maximum efficacy of treatment.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Multiple bilateral choroidal metastatic tumors from a small-cell neuroendocrine carcinoma of unknown primary site.

PURPOSE: To report one case of multiple and bilateral choroidal tumors from a poorly differentiated small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma of unknown primary. METHODS: The case of a 30-years-old white female who developed multiple and bilateral choroidal tumors from a poorly differentiated small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma of unknown primary is presented. RESULTS: The patient had a disseminated disease and died 6 months after. The oncologic work-up, including physical examination, laboratory and radiographic study, fails to identify the primary site. CONCLUSIONS: Intraocular involvement from a poorly differentiated small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma of unknown primary has not yet reported. We describe this case together with a review of the literature.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Conventional perimetry, short-wavelength automated perimetry, frequency-doubling technology, and visual evoked potentials in the assessment of patients with multiple sclerosis.

PURPOSE: To evaluate the diagnostic power of conventional, achromatic, automated perimetry (CAP), short-wavelength automated perimetry (SWAP), frequency-doubling technology (FDT) perimetry, and visual evoked potentials (VEP) in a group of patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) with or without a history of optic neuritis. METHODS: Thirty eyes of 15 patients (5 male, 10 female, average age 38+/-7 years) with confirmed diagnosis of MS underwent CAP, SWAP (Humphrey 750-II VFA, program central 30-2, full-threshold strategy), FDT perimetry (program N-30), and pattern VEPs. Sixteen eyes (53.3%) had no history of ocular involvement and a negative ophthalmologic examination. They were matched with a control group of 10 healthy volunteers (4 male, 6 female, average age 31+/-10 years). The mean deviation (MD) and the pattern standard deviation (PSD) of the two groups were compared (t-test). Fourteen eyes (46.7%) had, on the contrary, a history of optic neuritis. Inside this group, the MD and the PSD of the three techniques were correlated (Spearman's rank test), in order to investigate whether any significant differences might be revealed by these techniques in pointing out the total amount of visual field damage. RESULTS: When comparing MS patients without signs or symptoms of ocular involvement and a control group, no significant differences were found for CAP MD, CAP PSD, and FDT PSD. Significant differences were found, on the contrary, for SWAP MD (p=0.0014), SWAP PSD (p=0.0001), and FDT MD (p=0.0001). When considering the MD and the PSD of the three techniques in the group of MS patients who had a history of optic neuritis, a significant correlation was found only between CAP MD and SWAP MD (r=0.0057), with a tendency by SWAP to reveal a higher rate of visual field loss. The other correlations were not significant. According to predefined criteria, the group of asymptomatic subjects had abnormal CAP in 1 eye (6.25%), abnormal SWAP in 9 (56.2%), abnormal FDT in 11 (68.7%), and abnormal VEPs in 7 (43.7%). The combined use of all techniques allowed us to identify silent optic nerve impairment in 15 (93.7%) eyes. CONCLUSIONS: Short-wavelength automated perimetry and FDT perimetry are two non-conventional perimetric techniques that were mainly developed for the early detection of glaucomatous damage. The results of this study demonstrate their efficacy also in detecting early visual field deficits in MS patients without clinical signs of optic neuropathy. Frequency doubling perimetry, in particular, proved to be an easy, fast, and sensitive technique in the assessment of patients with MS. Our results also suggest that subclinical visual involvement in MS can be better diagnosed using multiple (neurophysiologic and psychophysical) tests.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Retinal pigment epithelial tear following intravitreal injection of bevacizumab (Avastin).

PURPOSE: To report one case of retinal pigment epithelium tear following intravitreal bevacizumab injection for neovascular age-related macular degeneration. METHODS: A 59-year-old patient presented with occult choroidal neovascularization associated with a serous pigment epithelial detachment secondary to age-related macular degeneration. The patient was treated with an intravitreal injection of bevacizumab. RESULTS: The patient developed a retinal pigment epithelium tear 60 days following the intravitreal injection. CONCLUSIONS: This report describes the development of retinal pigment epithelium tear after intravitreal bevacizumab injection. Future studies should be performed to evaluate which subtypes of lesions are most susceptible to this potential devastating visual complication.

Angiogenesis Inhibitors↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Evaluation of amblyopic scotoma by electrophysiological examinations and computerized perimetry.

To evaluate amblyopic scotoma and the most affected neural cells in suppressive phenomena, eight patients with deep amblyopia from strabismus (visual acuity of the amblyopic eye between 4/50 and 2/10) underwent a pattern electroretinogram (PERG), pattern visual evoked potential (VEP), and event-related potential (ERP) from visual stimuli, and computerized perimetry. The results of stimulation of the amblyopic eye, the leading eye and the leading eye penalized by Ryser filters were compared statistically. Computerized perimetry was used to quantify the depth and amplitude of the amblyopic scotoma. All electrophysiological potentials were reduced in amplitude and the implicit times of VEP and ERP were longer when stimulating the amblyopic eye compared to the leading eye. Only in PERG the penalization induced major changes. Our data suggest that the important suppressive phenomena present in the squint amblyopic eye involve not only the occipital cortex, but also the cognitive areas.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Intravitreal triamcinolone in the treatment of serous pigment epithelial detachment and occult choroidal neovascularization secondary to age-related macular degeneration.

PURPOSE: To report two cases of occult choroidal neovascularization (CNV) and serous pigment epithelial detachment (PED) treated with intravitreal triamcinolone (IVT) injections. METHODS: Interventional case reports. RESULTS: Both patients showed an increase in visual acuity and a complete flattening of the PED at 10 months (Case 1) and 4 months (Case 2) after IVT injections. No complications or adverse effects are reported. CONCLUSIONS: Future studies should be designed to investigate if IVT can effectively influence the clinical and functional outcome of eyes with serous PED and occult CNV secondary to age-related macular degeneration, for which at the moment no treatment has been shown to be effective.

Aged↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Branch retinal artery occlusion combined with branch retinal vein occlusion in a patient with hepatitis C treated with interferon and ribavirin.

PURPOSE: To report a case of a combined branch retinal artery and vein occlusion in a patient with hepatitis C treated with interferon and ribavirin. METHODS: A 29-year-old man with a 1-week history of sudden visual field defect and decrease of central visual acuity was examined. RESULTS: Ophthalmoscopy and fluorescein angiography demonstrated an ischemic whitening of the inferior hemi-retina involving part of the macular region, numerous intraretinal hemorrhages, and a significant delay in arterial and vein filling of the dye. CONCLUSIONS: The findings of a retinopathy associated with interferon and ribavirin treatment of hepatitis C are important. The symptomatic permanent visual field defect and decrease of central visual acuity developing following a branch retinal artery and vein occlusion event emphasizes the need for careful and regular ocular monitoring of patients receiving interferon for hepatitis C.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Intravitreal triamcinolone acetonide as primary treatment for diffuse diabetic macular edema: a prospective noncomparative interventional case series.

PURPOSE: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of one intravitreal injection of 25 mg of triamcinolone acetonide as primary treatment for diffuse diabetic macular edema. METHODS: Intravitreal triamcinolone acetonide injection was performed in 30 eyes with previously untreated diabetic macular edema. The main outcome measures were logMAR visual acuity (VA) and central macular thickness (CMT) at 1, 3, and 6 months. A secondary outcome was intraocular pressure progression. RESULTS: Visual acuity results for 30 eyes that had a follow-up of at least 6 months are presented. Twenty of them were followed up to 10.1+/-2.38 months. Preoperatively, VA was 0.54+/-0.27. At 1, 3, and 6 months follow-up, VA was 0.44+/-0.29 (p=0.001), 0.43+/-0.28 (p=0.001), and 0.45+/-0.29 (p=0.006), respectively. Preoperatively, CMT was 417.3+/-143.5 microm. At 1, 3, and 6 months follow-up, CMT was 277.3 +74.0 microm (p<0.0001), 279.6+/-94.4 microm (p<0.0001), and 297.07+/-114.87 microm (p=0.002), respectively. For the 20 eyes with a follow-up of 10.1+/-2.38 months, VA was 0.5+/-0.25 and 0.50+/-0.32 at baseline and at the last follow-up visit, respectively (p>0.05). Preoperatively, intraocular pressure (IOP) was 15.13+/-1.48 mmHg. IOP was 18.26+/-2.71 mmHg, 20.07+/-4.27 mmHg, and 20.4+/-6.18 mmHg, at 1, 3, and 6 months, respectively (p<0.0001). Four eyes underwent uncomplicated filtrating surgery for intractable glaucoma. CONCLUSIONS: Intravitreal triamcinolone as primary treatment effectively increases VA and reduces CMT due to diffuse diabetic macular edema. Longer follow-up and randomized clinical trial are warranted. Safety results highlight the need to further study the relationship between triamcinolone and intraocular pressure.

Aged↗