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Biomedical subjects

G Chandra

Publications and source records attributed to G Chandra.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1992

Trachoma in eastern province of Saudi Arabia.

Trachoma is one of the main cause of curable/preventable blindness in Saudi Arabia. First survey by NICHOL and al. 1955-65 in Eastern Province revealed prevalence rate of trachoma as 100% in Al Hasa, 98.0% in Qatif Oasis and 93.0% in Qatif town dwellers. Preliminary study by Ministry of Health, Eastern Province in 1986 revealed 3.74% of the population blind showing 10.1% due to trachoma. In 1986, Ministry of Health established Regional Prevention of Blindness & Ophthalmic Medical Education Committee, Eastern Province with six sub-divisions in Al Hasa, Qatif, Dammam, Al Khobar/Dhahran, Jubail and Hafr Al Batin. The whole health care divided in primary, secondary and tertiary level in 1987 and incorporated primary eye health care with primary health care. The Trachoma Center as a part of P.H.C. in Al Hasa was started in 1987 and a mass trachoma eradication programme by Trachoma Center was launched in 1988 along with improvement in socio-economic status/health facilities within last 10 years including development of structured P.H.C. system, leading to public awareness, prevention, treatment of bulk of active trachomas in this region particularly Al Hasa. This reduced the rate of prevalence of active trachoma to 1.5% in Al Hasa. Maximum active/inactive trachomas among the age above 55 years is 98.0% in Qatif region. Ministry of Health is in process of developing the Trachoma Center in Qatif region as well as comprehensive eye care by completing preliminary tertiary level care Eye Hospital in Dhahran to reduce the incidence of active trachoma below 0.5% within the next five years; thus achieve the goal of Prevention of Blindness in Saudi Arabia.

Blindness↗
PubMed1991

An NF kappa B-like factor is essential but not sufficient for cytokine induction of endothelial leukocyte adhesion molecule 1 (ELAM-1) gene transcription.

The endothelial leukocyte adhesion molecule 1 (ELAM-1) is transiently expressed specifically on the surface of cytokine-induced endothelial cells. We demonstrate that the transient expression of the protein is paralleled by an increase and decrease in transcription of the ELAM-1 gene. To identify the cis-acting transcription control regions within the ELAM-1 gene that are responsible for this cytokine-induced expression, we isolated and analyzed an ELAM-1 genomic clone containing sequences upstream of the transcription start site. We constructed a series of ELAM-1 deletion mutants linked to a reporter gene and analyzed their expression in both endothelial and non-endothelial cells. Results show that a fragment of 233 bp upstream of the transcription start site is sufficient to confer cytokine inducibility upon the reporter gene in both endothelial and non-endothelial cells. Further analysis defined two elements within this region that are involved in the cytokine inducibility of the ELAM-1 gene. One element lies within the -233 to -117 region, the other element represents an NF kappa B consensus binding site between nucleotides -94 to -85. Gel shift analysis reveals increased binding of an NF kappa B-like factor to this consensus sequence in extracts prepared from IL-1-induced endothelial cells. The results suggest that cytokine induction of ELAM-1 gene transcription is imparted by a combination of positive factors, one being an NF kappa B-like transcription factor, interacting with cis-acting elements within the enhancer/promoter of the gene.

Base Sequence↗
PubMed1991

Longitudinal study on distribution of Phlebotomus argentipes sandflies at different heights in cattleshed.

Distribution of Ph. argentipes at three levels (level I, 0-0.91 m; level II, 0.91-1.82 m; and level III 1.82-2.74 m) above the ground in 6 cattlesheds was studied during July 1989 to June 1990. Of the 8044 Ph. argentipes caught, 3151 (39.2%), 3936 (48.9%) and 957 (11.9%) were from levels I, II, and III respectively. Both male and fed, half-fed, gravid and unfed female sandflies were found at all the three levels and in all the three seasons viz., rainy, winter and summer, of the year. The maximum height of occurrence of sandflies was 2.51 m (8.3 ft) above the ground level.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

A simple method for cryopreservation of Leishmania donovani promastigotes.

Cryopreservation of promastigotes of L. donovani in NNN and Tobie's media was attempted. The media containing the promastigotes were kept directly at -80 degrees C. The cryopreserved media were examined for living promastigotes after 9, 12, 15, 20, 23, 26, 29, 32, 42, 56, 65 and 126 days after the culture tubes were brought directly from -80 degrees C to room temperature and examined after 30 min. All tubes showed living promastigotes which were used for further growth with no apparent morphological changes in subsequent subcultures. Viability was optimum. This method of short term cryopreservation is simple, reliable and reproducible for cryopreservation of culture adapted parasites and also important because different strains can be stocked without using any other chemical, or special equipment and liquid nitrogen chamber, for further use in immunological or other purposes.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Annual transmission potential of bancroftian filariasis in an urban and a rural area of West Bengal, India.

The annual transmission potential of Wuchereria bancrofti was calculated from the number of infective larvae found in the number of Culex quinquefasciatus expected to bite an individual exposed 24 hr a day for a year in Calcutta and in a rural (Memari) area. In Calcutta, an average of 151 mosquitoes/night/person were collected; it was calculated that 55,028 mosquitoes could bite a person per year, including an average of 177 infective mosquitoes containing 319 infective larvae of W. bancrofti. At Memari, an average of 284 mosquitoes/night/person were collected; here with the resulting calculation was that 103,718 mosquitoes could bite a person per year, including an average of 137 infective mosquitoes containing 223 infective larvae. The annual transmission potential was higher in the urban area than that in the rural area. Annual transmission potential is useful knowledge in the epidemiological assessment of transmission dynamics for the formulation of control strategies.

Animals↗