Biomedical subjects
Publications and source records attributed to G Dimache.
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A new type of concentrated unadsorbed Tetanus vaccine was administered in animals by intradermal route, associated or not with Typhoid vaccine. The results of the laboratory tests demonstrated that this vaccine is innocuous and produces minimal reactions. A single doses of Tetanus vaccine inoculated in guinea pig or rabbit resulted in a relevant titer which increased when the Typhoid vaccine was associated. Also, in such immunized guinea pigs, a remarkable resistance to tetanic toxin was achieved. The levels of the active or passive typhoid-protective power as well as that of the agglutinating antibodies were not influenced by the association of the Tetanus vaccine to the Typhoid vaccine. Therefore, when the Typhoid vaccine suspended in Tetanus vaccine was administered intradermally to the animals by Jet injector, it had not a negative effect for none of the two components, had a beneficial effect upon the levels of determined antibody production and allowed an easier and more rapid administration of these vaccines.
Intradermal immunization of 229 chronic neuropsychic patients in Gura Ocnitzei Sanatorium, Dîmbovitza County, where a typhoid fever outbreak burst, was performed with a freeze-dried typhoid vaccine, suspended in purified and concentrated tetanic anatoxin. Adverse reactions were minimal and immunologic response, evaluated by laboratory tests, was good, reaching the level of that obtained as a result of classic vaccination methods (subcutaneous antityphoid and intramuscular anti-tetanic). Both after vaccination and also booster O and H agglutinating titers increased 4-7 times and anti-S. typhi. seroprotecting effect reached and maintained a high level. Moreover, antityphoid vaccination permitted epidemic focus limiting and its complete extinguishing after booster. Antitetanic vaccination resulted in protecting titers settlement (greater than or equal to 0.01 IU/ml) in all previously non-protected persons (1/3 of all subjects) and in the increase of protecting titers, existing before vaccination in the other persons.
The immunogenicity and the reactogenicity of an unadsorbed Tetanus vaccine, intradermally administered in man as a booster immunization associated or not with lyophilized Typhoid vaccine, were comparatively studied. There were no differences in postvaccinal reactions between the Tetanus vaccine administered alone or associated with Typhoid vaccine as well as between the unadsorbed and adsorbed Tetanus vaccine. The booster inoculation carried out with Tetanus vaccine by i.d. route with doses of 10 Lf/0.1 ml proved to be effective, inducing to all the subjects a definite protective titre, maintaining for at least one year.
A lyophilized, heat-killed, phenol preserved typhoid vaccine (5 x 10(8) cells) suspended in 0.1 ml unadsorbed concentrated tetanus vaccine (10 Lf) was administered in man by intradermal route. This association of the two vaccines resulted in milder postvaccinal reactions: moreover, the immunological properties of typhoid vaccine, as certified by the passive protection test of the mouse with sera of the vaccines and the H and O agglutinin titres found in these immune sera, were perfectly conserved. Consequently, the mixed typhoid-tetanus vaccination in man by intradermal route is possible and advantageous for practical and economical reasons.
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Investigations of anti-tetanus response, in 404 subjects, most of them aged 60, being non-immunized for at least 10 years, stressed out the fact that 28.7% were not protected and 6.18% presented a protecting titer of 0.01 IU/ml, evaluated by "in vivo" protection test in mice. Some subjects were immunized with unadsorbed Tetanus vaccine (10 Lf/0.1 ml/dose) by i.d. route, using Jet-injector, and the others with adsorbed Tetanus vaccine (0.5 ml/dose), by i.m. route, using the needle and syringe. The vaccines were well tolerated and adverse reactions were not recorded. After 30 days, a single vaccine dose produced a protecting effect in 97.45% of non-protected subjects, belonging to i.d. immunized group, and also in 93.33% belonging to i.m. immunized group. 30 days after the administration of a second dose, protection set up in all subjects, no matter of vaccine type and administration route used. For a continuous reduction of tetanus morbidity, the authors suggest a specific periodical immunization of non-protected persons, selected by serological screening, using unadsorbed Tetanus vaccine, administered by i.d. route by means of the Jet-injector.
"Orostim" is a polymicrobial immunomodulator for oral administration, obtained from bacterial suspensions, disintegrated by ultrasonics and dried by atomization. The preparation was chemically characterized before and after atomization without presenting essential modifications. Orostim was not shown to be toxic in mice and rats by esophageal intubation, as long as 20 days. The animals presented normal evolution; hemoleukograms, serum proteins and alkaline phosphatase, in rats, did not present significant modifications in comparison with controls. Histopathologic examination of the organs, obtained from mice, treated for 20 days (liver, spleen, lung) did not emphasize modifications in comparison with controls. Circulating neutrophils phagocytosis in rabbits, orally treated with Orostim, was increased as compared to 0 time; serum complement values decreased compared to the initial ones for 0 time but turned to normal and reached even superior limits, 10 days after the treatment ending.
In this study we have investigated the immune humoral response in the associated vaccination with smallpox, tetanus and typhoid fractionated vaccine (trivaccine) administered in two series at 1 month interval, by dermojet, in a group of young people of 18-20 years old. The results were comparatively estimated with those obtained in two groups of young people of the same age (control group), separately immunized with two components of the tri-vaccine: fractionated smallpox vaccine and tetanus toxoid, following-up the humoral response to the two vaccine components. It was find that, at the end of the surveillance period, similar results were obtained for the testing group and control group, the antibody titers (in geometric mean) presenting very close values: 1/1,140,463 for the testing group, and 1/1,053,583 for the control group against vaccinia component, and 1/1,86,880,586 for the testing group and 1/79,900,431 for the control group, against the tetanus component. The results obtained entitle us to propose this vaccination scheme for the vaccination practice.
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Investigations were carried out on 781 S. typhi strains isolated from patients and carriers. Testing of the sensitivity to chemotherapeutical agents by diffusiometry and the incorporation technique led to the detection of four resistant strains: 1 strain isolated by coproculture from a carrier since 1958, resistant to A, K, N, Ca and Cf and 3 strains isolated by coproculture, biliculture and uroculture from a carrier since 1974, resistant to A and Ca. The R factors of these strains were transferred in their totality. The resistant strains did not manifest any particular pathogenicity for the laboratory animal, and their immunogenic potential was below that of the current typhoid vaccine. None of the 781S typhi were resistant to Cmx, C, G, T, Co and Po. Consequently, in Romania Chloramphenicol may be used in continuation in the treatment of typhoid fever, and Cotrimoxazol, Gentamycin, Tetracyclin and Ampicillin are and remain reserve substitutes. The possible unexpected appearance of resistant S. typhi strains demand, however, further control of the sensitivity to chemotherapeutics of all the isolated strains.
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