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Biomedical subjects

G E Eide

Publications and source records attributed to G E Eide.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1998

Effectiveness of postal smoking cessation advice: a randomized controlled trial in young men with reduced FEV1 and asbestos exposure.

There have been few community-based randomized, controlled intervention trials for cessation in high-risk smokers. In such a trial we evaluated the effects of postal smoking cessation advice in smokers with asbestos exposure and/or reduced forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1). All men aged 30-45 yrs (n=22,392) living in 34 municipalities in western Norway were invited to a cross-sectional community survey. Information on smoking habits and occupational asbestos exposure were obtained from self-administered questionnaires and measurements of FEV1 were performed with dry-wedge bellow spirometers. Among 16,393 participants we identified a group of 2,610 smokers with previous occupational asbestos exposure and/or adjusted FEV1 in the lowest quartile. A random half (n=1,300) received a mailed personal letter from a respiratory physician with a person-specific health advice to quit smoking and a pamphlet on smoking cessation. The remaining smokers (n=1,310) acted as controls and did not receive any information. Twelve months after the intervention, information on smoking habits was re-examined using a postal questionnaire. Among the respondents (n=2,282), smoking cessation was reported altogether by 13.7% in the intervention group versus 9.9% in the control group (p<0.01). The 1 yr sustained quit rate (no smoking at all during the last year) was 5.6 versus 35% (p<0.05), respectively. Measurements of carbon monoxide in expired air (with < or = 10 parts per million) confirmed self-reported nonsmoking in samples of the two groups. In a community this simple postal smoking cessation advice from a respiratory physician based on person-specific risk factors improved the 1 yr sustained success rate by 60% in identified high-risk smokers.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

Fish consumption and respiratory symptoms among young adults in a Norwegian community.

The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between dietary fish consumption and self-reported respiratory symptoms among young adults. A random sample of 4,300 subjects, aged 20-44 yrs, living in Bergen, Norway, received a postal questionnaire on respiratory symptoms, of whom 80% responded. Mean fish consumption was assessed in a food-frequency questionnaire by asking how often the subject consumed units of fish (150 g) during the last year. Average fish consumption was 1.8 units x week(-1). Fish intake of <1 unit x week(-1) was reported by 24%, 41% reported consumption of 1 unit x week(-1) and 35% intake of >1 unit x week(-1). A high fish intake was significantly associated with increasing age after adjusting for smoking. Adjusted for smoking habits, the prevalence of "cough at night" and "chest tightness" showed a decreasing trend with increasing fish consumption (p<0.05), while such a trend for "wheeze" was demonstrated only in smokers (p=0.008 for interaction). In logistic regression models (adjusting for age, sex, body mass, smoking habits and occupational exposure) fish consumption (three categories) was not significantly associated with "wheeze", "chest tightness", "breathless at night" or "asthma attack", although the odds ratios (OR) were consistently less than 1 (except for "asthma attack"). Fish consumption was of borderline significance as a protective factor of "cough at night", OR = 0.86 (95% confidence interval: 0.76-0.97) but in stratified analyses only in smokers. Subjects reporting very high levels of fish consumption (>14 units x week(-1)) did not have lower prevalences of respiratory symptoms. In conclusion, among young Norwegian adults, with a relatively low prevalence of asthma and an overall high fish intake, fish consumption was not a significant predictor of four out of five respiratory symptoms.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

[Is it possible to predict nocturnal hypoxemia in snorers?].

We investigated to what extent the initial outpatient clinical findings could predict the results of in-patient nocturnal pulse oximetry in 108 snorers. 30.6% of the patients had oxygen desaturation index (ODI) > or = 5. The lowest SpO2 dip was strongly correlated to ODI (R2 = 0.729). Body mass index (BMI) and FVC were independently correlated to ODI. Relative risk of nocturnal hypoxemia was 3.2 at BMI > 32.0 kg/m2, and 3.0 at FVC < 87% of predicted value, compared with the whole referred group of snorers. Sensitivity of reported apnoea was 0.91, but specificity was only 0.21 with respect to hypoxaemia. Age, sex, hypersomnolence, morning headache, nasal congestion, smoking and consumption of alcohol or sedatives were not predictive of nocturnal hypoxaemia, neither were erythrocyte volume fraction, PaO2, nor PaCO2.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

[Pulse oximetry. Reproducibility of two nights' recordings].

Reproducibility of nocturnal ear oximetry was evaluated in 22 in-patients who were screened for sleep apnoea syndrome. Ohmeda Biox II and Rikadenki printer were applied to each patient during two consecutive nights. The average oxygen desaturation index (ODI) was 6.2 for the first night, and 5.7 for the second night. Intra-individual standard deviation (SD) for ODI was 1.8. Average minimum SpO2 was 86.2% for the first night, and 85.6% for the second night, with an intra-individual SD of 2.1%. If ODI is defined as pathological when five or more, one patient (< 5%) with a pathological result during the first night reached a normal value on the second night, and one patient with a normal result on the first night showed a pathological result on the second night. In conclusion, the results from the first night of ear oximetry do not differ significantly from those of the second night in hospitalised patients with suspected sleep apnoea, provided that the method is appropriately standardised.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

The semi-proportional hazards model revisited: practical reparametrizations.

Reformulations of the semi-proportional hazards model are outlined making estimation and testing of stratum-covariate interaction effects easily accessible within the framework of the stratified Cox proportional hazards model. The method is illustrated by a practical analysis of variables influencing bronchial responsiveness with data from the Hordaland study of obstructive lung disease.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Serum respiratory virus antibodies: predictor of reduced one-second forced expiratory volume (FEV1) in Norwegian adults.

BACKGROUND: The purpose of this cross-sectional study was to investigate whether the presence of serum complement antibodies was associated with reduced one-second forced expiratory volume (FEV1) in adults. METHODS: From a stratified random sample of 18-73 year old adults, we performed measurements of serum complement fixing virus antibodies against influenza type A and B, parainfluenza type 1, 2, and 3, respiratory syncytial virus and adenovirus on 82% (n = 1239). RESULTS: In the crude data, subjects having five of the seven virus antibodies had significantly lower lung function, given as sex-, age- and height-standardized residuals of FEV1 (SFEV1), compared with those without. After adjusting in addition for smoking habits, lifetime smoking consumption and season, the lung function levels were significantly lower in subjects with influenza type B and respiratory syncytial virus antibodies compared to those without (P < 0.01). Increasing influenza and respiratory syncytial virus antibody titres and increasing numbers of virus antibodies, respectively, were related to progressively lower lung function. Subjects with respiratory symptoms but without obstructive lung disease had lower antibody levels than subjects with obstructive lung disease, but higher levels than asymptomatic subjects. In a final multiple linear regression analysis adjusting in addition for respiratory symptom and disease status as well as for the other respiratory virus antibodies, the presence of respiratory syncytial virus antibodies was a significant predictor for reduced SFEV1 (regression coefficient: -0.226; SE = 0.112; P = 0.04). The magnitude of the effect on lung function remained after excluding subjects reporting symptoms of respiratory infection within 3 weeks prior to the examination (regression coefficient: -0.252; SE = -0.218; P = 0.25). CONCLUSIONS: This cross-sectional community study indicates that respiratory syncytial virus infection or re-infection is an independent predictor for reduced lung function in adults of a wide age range.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

A 3-year clinical study of tunnel restorations.

Tunnel restorations (n = 161) performed by 4 dentists were evaluated after a mean of 35 months in situ. Demineralized enamel was to be spared during preparation. The preparations were filled with a cermet glass ionomer (polyalkenoate) cement. Evaluation was carried out using clinical and radiographical criteria. During the observation period, approximately 16% of the restorations were replaced due to caries in dentin and 14% due to marginal ridge fracture. Cavitation in the approximal surface and/or increased radiolucency of the approximal enamel were observed in 34% of the remaining tunnel-restored teeth. A significantly higher frequency of failures were registered when treating patients with a high caries activity, where the initial lesion was large, and where the restoration did not reach the approximal surface.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1996

Serum house dust mite antibodies: predictor of increased bronchial responsiveness in adults of a community.

The purpose of this study was to determine whether the presence of serum specific immunoglobulin E (IgE) antibodies was associated with increased bronchial responsiveness in adults. We studied cross-sectionally a random community sample of 18-73 year old adults, of whom 83% (n = 489) performed bronchial responsiveness testing as well as serum measurements of five specific IgE antibodies. In the crude data, 39% of those with house dust mite antibodies (n = 18) had a bronchial responsiveness < or = 32 g.L-1 methacholine compared with 19% in subjects without any of the five specific IgE antibodies (n = 453). The corresponding percentages for subjects with timothy antibodies (n = 16) was 25%, birch antibodies (n = 13) 23%, cat antibodies (n = 10) 40% and mould antibodies (n = 2) 50%. When assessing the multivariate relationship between the presence of one specific IgE antibody and degree of bronchial responsiveness we used a semi-proportional hazards model with the response as a 20% fall in forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) from pretest value. Covariates included in the model were: gender, age, pretest FEV1, smoking habits, pack-years, season and other specific IgE antibodies than that examined. The presence of house dust mite antibodies was a significant predictor (p < 0.01) of increased bronchial responsiveness in never- and ex-smokers. Indoor allergic sensitization (house dust mite, cat and mould) was a significant predictor of increased bronchial responsiveness, while outdoor allergic sensitization (timothy and birch) was not. Excluding subjects with obstructive lung disease (n = 39) or including the covariate log total serum IgE as a potential confounder yielded the same result. Thus, in this community, indoor allergic sensitization rather than allergic sensitization per se was related to increased bronchial responsiveness after adjusting for other relevant covariates.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1995

Sequential and average attributable fractions as aids in the selection of preventive strategies.

Methods for estimating the attributable fraction based on a multivariate model for a dichotomous response have been extensively developed in the last decade. These methods provide the means for calculating the total attributable fraction for a set of exposure variables possibly adjusted for a set of confounding variables. In this paper, a procedure for stepwise calculation of attributable fractions is outlined. The purpose is to study the effect on risk of disease of preventing several exposures, one at a time, in different orderings. This procedure introduces the concepts of sequential and average attributable fractions as aids for attributing the risk of disease to different exposures. The procedure and concepts are illustrated by analyzing data from a cross-sectional study on the prevalence of some frequent symptoms of lung disease.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1995

Total serum IgE and FEV1 by respiratory symptoms and obstructive lung disease in adults of a Norwegian community.

BACKGROUND: The importance of total serum IgE level on lung function impairment has not been established in a general population. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this cross-sectional community study was to examine the relationship between total serum IgE and level of lung function in adults, and whether this relationship differed by sex, age, smoking habits or by respiratory symptoms and disease status. METHODS: A stratified random sample of 18-73 year old adults from the general population were invited to spirometry and serum analyses of total and specific IgE. Of 1512 subjects invited, 82% met and performed complete examinations. RESULTS: Increasing level of total serum IgE was related to reduced lung function (P < 0.01) given as sex, age, and height standardized residuals of one second forced expiratory volume (SFEV1). Subjects with total serum IgE in the highest vs the lowest tertile had a mean SFEV1 of -0.28, corresponding to age and height adjusted FEV1 differences of 120 and 150 mL in women and men, respectively. The relationship between IgE and lung function impairment did not differ significantly by sex, age or smoking habits. In subjects with obstructive lung disease increasing level of total serum IgE was more negatively associated with lung function level than in subjects with respiratory symptoms alone. No relationship was observed in asymptomatic subjects. This was confirmed in a multiple linear regression analysis adjusting for sex, age, smoking habits and lifetime smoking consumption showing that SFEV1 was predicted by an interaction between total serum IgE level and symptom and disease status (P < 0.01). This interaction remained after excluding subjects (n = 105) having specific IgE antibodies. CONCLUSION: Increasing total serum IgE level was associated with progressively lower lung function in a general adult population after taking other predictors of impaired spirometric lung function into account, though dependent on the subjects' respiratory symptom and disease status. Variation in prevalences of respiratory symptoms and obstructive lung disease in previous examined populations may thus explain conflicting observations of the association between total IgE and airflow impairment.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1995

Predictors of spirometric test failure: a comparison of the 1983 and 1993 acceptability criteria from the European Community for Coal and Steel.

OBJECTIVES: To identify, in this general population study, predictors of spirometric test failure on the 1983 and 1993 acceptability criteria from the European Community for Coal and Steel (ECCS). METHODS: All men aged 30-46 years living in western Norway (n = 45,380) were invited to join a cross sectional community survey. Respiratory symptoms, smoking habits, and marital status were found from self administered questionnaires, and measurements of forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) and forced vital capacity (FVC) were performed with dry wedge bellow spirometers. RESULTS: Altogether 29,611 subjects (65%) participated in this survey. Spirometric recordings were obtained in 26,803 of these (91%) of whom 1.6% failed the 1983 criterion (< or = 300 ml between the two highest FVC values) and 9.5% failed the 1993 criteria (< or = 5% or 100 ml between the two highest FEV1 and the two highest FVC values). Spirometric failures on both criteria were more prevalent in never smokers, single men, and subjects with respiratory symptoms than in ever smokers, married, and asymptomatic subjects. Failure of the 1993 criteria increased with age and declining height. Morning cough and phlegm, breathlessness uphill, attacks of breathlessness, and wheezing were related to failure of the 1993 criteria after adjustment for demographic variables and smoking, whereas only breathlessness uphill was related to failure of the 1983 criterion. CONCLUSIONS: In men aged 30-46 years, spirometric test failures on both the 1983 and 1993 ECCS acceptability criteria occurred more often in never smokers than in smokers and ex-smokers after adjustment for other covariables. Spirometric test failure with the 1993 criteria also varied with height and most respiratory symptoms. The higher failure rates found in non-smokers, in shorter, and in single men could be due to late compression of the airways, smaller lung volumes, and poor general health, respectively.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Serum house-dust-mite antibodies and reduced FEV1 in adults of a Norwegian community.

In this cross-sectional study we investigated whether the presence of specific serum IgE antibodies to house dust mite, timothy, birch, cat, and mold was associated with a reduced FEV1 in adults. We performed complete examinations on 82% of a stratified random sample of 18 to 73-yr-old adults (n = 1,239). Subjects with house-dust-mite antibodies had lower (p = 0.002) sex, age, and height standardized residuals of FEV1 (SFEV1) than those without any specific IgE antibody. This relationship did not differ significantly by sex, age, smoking habit, total serum IgE level, or season, and remained significant after excluding subjects with obstructive lung disease. For house-dust-mite antibodies we also observed a dose-response relationship between antibody levels and impaired lung function. In a final multiple linear regression analysis the presence of house-dust-mite antibodies was the only significant predictor (regression coefficient: -0.425; SE = 0.189; p = 0.02) of reduced SFEV1 after adjusting for smoking habit and lifetime tobacco consumption, season, total serum IgE level, and respiratory-symptom and disease status. Thus, house-dust-mite allergy is an independent predictor of reduced lung function in adults of a wide age range.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Cavity design and dimensions of tunnel preparations versus composite resin Class-II preparations.

Fourteen pairs of extracted contralateral premolars with small, artificial, standardized, approximal 'caries lesions' were placed in 14 plaster jaws. Fourteen dentists made a mesial tunnel preparation and a distal composite resin preparation on one tooth and vice versa on the contralateral tooth. Less tooth substance was removed in the tunnel preparations than in the class-II preparations, but this difference was not statistically significant when the resin class-II preparations were made without occlusal retention. Twenty-five per cent of the tunnel preparations had residual 'caries', as opposed to 7% in the class-II composite preparations. Tunnel preparations with larger occlusal openings had less residual 'caries'. The morphology of the class-II resin preparations varied considerably, indicating a lack of precise descriptions in the dental literature.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed1995

Marginal ridge strength of teeth with tunnel preparations.

The aim of this study was to investigate how the cavity design of tunnel preparations influences the strength of the marginal ridge and to assess the ability of a restoration to support it. Extracted upper premolars were divided into eight experimental groups and one control group of intact teeth. The size and the position of the tunnel preparation in relation to the marginal ridge differed in four of the groups, the preparations remaining unfilled, while teeth in four corresponding groups were filled. The teeth were subjected to incremental dynamic forces until fracture of the marginal ridge occurred at which point a 'maximum energy-index' was calculated. The relationship between this index and the experimental variables was analysed by the Cox proportional hazards model. The results for both filled and unfilled teeth indicated that the distance from the preparation to the marginal ridge is more influential on weakening the ridge than is the buccopalatinal size of the opening. A conservative tunnel restoration situated 2 mm from the marginal ridge, does not significantly weaken an otherwise intact tooth.

Bicuspid↗
PubMed1993

Norwegian multicentre study of survival and prognostic factors in patients undergoing curative resection for gastric carcinoma. The Norwegian Stomach Cancer Trial.

The influence of clinical and tumour-related variables on long-term survival in patients with gastric carcinoma was studied in a national prospective multicentre study. A total of 532 patients underwent curative surgery with a 5-year survival rate of 40 per cent. In a Cox multivariate analysis, age, stage of disease and macroscopic appearance of tumour were the only factors that independently affected survival. The estimated probability of survival to 5 years for a 50-year-old patient with a flattened tumour type and stage I disease was 71 per cent, but 50 per cent for an 80-year-old with the same tumour type and stage. For stage II disease the rates were 56 and 32 per cent, for stage III 39 and 13 per cent and for stage IV 19 and 3 per cent, respectively. A 70-year-old patient with stage II linitis plastica tumour type had an estimated probability of 5-year survival of 20 per cent. Stage of disease was the single most important factor in determining survival. Laurén histopathological type and location of tumour, Karnofsky performance index, weight loss and type of resection had no significant effect on long-term survival.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1993

Cancer in association with polymyalgia rheumatica and temporal arteritis.

In our prospective controlled study, a total of 185 patients with polymyalgia rheumatica (PMR) and temporal arteritis (TA) diagnosed during 1978-83 and their 925 matched controls were cross checked with the data files at the Cancer Registry of Norway at the end of 1987. Malignancy was registered in 27 patients (14.6%) and 131 controls (14.2%) between 1953 and the end of 1987. Malignancy was registered in 16 (24.6%) of the patients with biopsy demonstrating arteritis temporalis. The hazard rate for developing malignancy after diagnosis for the whole patient population was not significantly different from the controls. The hazard rate for developing malignancy in patients with positive biopsy, however, was 2.35 times higher than in the controls (p = 0.036) and 4.40 times higher than the rest of the patient population (p = 0.007) (Cox proportional hazards model). The general long interval between diagnosis of PMR and/or TA and registration of malignancy (mean 6.5 years) is not consistent with a paraneoplastic mechanism.

Adult↗