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Biomedical subjects

G E Eide

Publications and source records attributed to G E Eide.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1992

Is Lauren's histopathological classification of importance in patients with stomach cancer? A national experience. Norwegian Stomach Cancer Trial.

This study was performed to investigate the association between Lauren's histopathological classification system and different clinico-pathological characteristics in patients with gastric carcinoma. We revealed that the percentage of intestinal type tumour (ITT) increased with advancing age (52% in patients less than 60 years compared to 73% of octogenarians (P less than 0.001)). The male:female ratio was 1.7 for ITT versus 1.3 for diffuse type tumour (DTT (P = 0.12)). ITT was more common in proximally (fundus) localized tumours than in distal lesions (77% vs 65%; P less than 0.05). The proportion of patients with ITT decreased with advancing stages of the disease (70% in stage I and II vs 52% in stage IV (P less than 0.0001)). More patients with DTT had tumour infiltration in the resection margin (21% vs 9%; P less than 0.001). Intestinal metaplasia was found in 48% of those with ITT compared with 28% of those with DTT (P less than 0.001). No association was found between Lauren's classification and the ABO blood group or between the tumour types and infiltration in lymphatic or blood vessels. We conclude that gastric adenocarcinoma occurs in at least two different biological forms and that differentiation between the two is of relevance for treatment.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

A multivariate study of the prognosis of oral squamous cell carcinomas. Are blood group and hemoglobin new prognostic factors?

Because blood groups and hemoglobin concentration have been associated with the risk of the development of some cancers, this study evaluated the significance of ABO and Rhesus blood groups and hemoglobin concentration as prognostic factors in oral squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). The authors examined all registered primary SCC of buccal and maxillary alveolar mucosa in the Norwegian population between 1963 and 1972. The biopsy specimens from these patients were reevaluated and borderline cases excluded. The remaining 111 cases were included in the study, and features recorded on first admission were included in the survival analyses. ABO and Rhesus blood groups were found in 99 of these patients. Multivariate survival analysis showed that tumor size, hemoglobin concentration, stage, and Rhesus blood groups were significant prognostic factors, but sex, age, treatment, duration of symptoms, ABO blood groups, and clinical appearance of the tumors were not. The prognostic value of Rhesus blood groups and hemoglobin concentration has not been previously reported for oral SCC.

ABO Blood-Group System↗
PubMed1991

Factors related to and consequences of weight loss in patients with stomach cancer. The Norwegian Multicenter experience. Norwegian Stomach Cancer Trial.

Of 1165 patients with stomach cancer included in a national, prospective multicenter study with 51 surgical units participating, information about weight loss before diagnosis was available for 855 patients (73%). Median weight loss was 5 kg; 259 patients (31%) experienced no weight loss. By logistic regression analysis the authors found that weight loss increased with age and advancing stages of disease (TNM Stage I-IV), with decreasing Karnofsky index, in Lauren's diffuse versus intestinal tumor type, and with tumors located at the cardia/esophagus. Increasing weight loss reduced the resectability rate significantly, but no association between weight loss and postoperative complication rate was found. The odds ratio for postoperative mortality was 2.5 to 1 for the weight loss group 5 to 10kg versus 0 kg. In conclusion, weight loss reflects a less favorable tumor status. Weight loss did not increase postoperative morbidity but did lead Weight to a higher death rate after surgery.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Patient and physician treatment delay in patients with stomach cancer in Norway: is it important? The Norwegian Stomach Cancer Trial.

The effect and consequences of treatment delay were studied in 1165 patients with stomach cancer included in a Norwegian multicentre study. Median patient delay was 42 days; median doctor delay 37 days; and median total treatment delay 107 days. By Cox proportional hazards model analyses we found that an increase in weight loss was associated with an increase in total delay, whereas a more advanced stage of disease was related to a short total delay. Physician delay was more pronounced in women, increased with increasing Karnofsky performance index, but decreased in patients with stage-IV disease. By logistic regression analyses we found no association between delays and postoperative complication rate. The relationship between physician delay and postoperative mortality was statistical significant, with increasing number of deaths with decreasing delay. In conclusion, there is no evidence that long treatment delay is an important negative factor in relation to outcome of surgery.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Occupational dust or gas exposure and prevalences of respiratory symptoms and asthma in a general population.

The relationship of occupational airborne, exposure to respiratory symptoms and asthma was examined using a self-administered questionnaire in a cross-sectional survey of a random sample (n = 4,992 subjects) of the general population aged 15-70 yrs of Hordaland county, Norway. The response rate was 90%. Twenty nine percent of the population had a history of occupational dust or gas exposure, 5% reported having been exposed to asbestos at work, and 4% reported quartz exposure. A history of occupational dust or gas exposure was associated with morning cough, chronic cough, phlegm when coughing, breathlessness on exercise, occasional wheezing and a physician's diagnosis of asthma after adjusting for sex, age, smoking habits and urban-rural area of residence. The adjusted relative odds ratios for the respiratory disorders in subjects exposed to dust or gas ranged from 1.6-1.9. The population attributable risk of occupational dust or gas exposure for the respiratory disorders ranged from 11-19%. The study indicates that respiratory disorders are independently associated with occupational airborne exposure in a Norwegian general population sample.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Internal elastic membrane in the internal mammary and left anterior descending coronary arteries and its relationship to intimal thickening.

The internal mammary artery (IMA) is less prone to intimal thickening than coronary arteries and is routinely used in coronary bypass surgery. To resolve whether morphologic differences can explain why IMA develops less intimal thickening, morphometric measurement of the left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD) and IMA was carried out in 62 autopsies from individuals of various age groups. The amount of intimal thickening, the degree of folding of the internal elastic membrane, and media thickness were estimated by appropriate indices. Intimal thickening of LAD was more marked, occurred earlier and could be demonstrated even below one year of age, but was not found before 21 years of age in the IMA. A fold-index of the internal elastic membrane was significantly higher in the IMA than in the LAD and correlated negatively with an intimal thickening index in both arteries (P less than 0.0001 for both). The fold-index decreased with age, most markedly in LAD. Negative correlation was also found between a media thickness index and the intimal thickening index in LAD (P less than 0.02). The fold-index may indicate the magnitude of tangential intimal tension during life and may be of significance for development of intimal thickening and atherosclerosis. Lower fold-index may in part explain the propensity of atherosclerosis in LAD compared with IMA. Also, reduced fold-index with age accompanied the occurrence of atherosclerosis with age.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Hay fever, eczema and urticaria in southwest Norway. Lifetime prevalences and association with sex, age, smoking habits, occupational airborne exposures and respiratory symptoms.

Information on hay fever, eczema, urticaria, respiratory symptoms, smoking habits and occupational dust or gas exposure was obtained by a self-administered questionnaire from a random sample of 4992 subjects of the general population aged 15-70 years of the Hordaland county, Norway. The response rate was 90% of the sample. The lifetime prevalences of hay fever, eczema and urticaria were 10%, 25% and 9% of the respondents, respectively. Eczema and urticaria were more often reported by women than by men. The lifetime prevalence of hay fever decreased substantially by age in both sexes. A history of hay fever was inversely related to cigarette smoking. The lifetime prevalences of eczema and urticaria were associated with occupational dust or gas exposure after adjusting for sex, age, smoking habits and area of residence. Adjusted odds ratios of respiratory symptoms in subjects with hay fever were almost 2.0 compared with those without.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Postal survey on airborne occupational exposure and respiratory disorders in Norway: causes and consequences of non-response.

STUDY OBJECTIVE: The aim was to examine causes for non-response in a community survey, and how non-response influences prevalence estimates of some exposure and disease variables, and associations between the variables. DESIGN: This was a cross sectional questionnaire study with two reminder letters. The questionnaire asked for information on smoking habits, occupational airborne exposure and respiratory disorders. SETTING: A random sample of 4992 subjects from the general population aged 15-70 years of Hordaland County, Norway. MAIN RESULTS: The overall response rate was 90%, with a 63% response to the initial letter. The response rates to the first and second reminder letters were 56% and 36% respectively. In 20% of the non-respondents an uncompleted questionnaire was returned with cause for non-response; in two thirds of these the cause for non-response was that the subject was not resident at the mailing address. A home visit to a random sample of 50 urban non-respondents provided further information on 29 subjects. A wrong address at the Central Population Registry and the subject's feeling of lack of personal benefit from a postal survey were the major reasons for non-response. Smokers were late respondents and subjects with respiratory disorders tended to be early respondents. CONCLUSION: The main reasons for non-response were a wrong mailing address and a feeling of lack of personal benefit from responding. Using only the initial letter would have changed the estimated prevalence of smokers from 39% to 35%. Otherwise, the estimated prevalence of the exposure and disease variables as well as the associations between them were only slightly changed after including the respondents to the first and second reminder letters.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Smoking habits and lifetime occupational exposure to gases or dusts, including asbestos and quartz, in a Norwegian community.

Past or present occupational airborne exposure was recorded with a self-administered questionnaire sent to a random sample (N = 4992) of the 15- to 70-year-old population of Hordaland County, Norway. Completed questionnaires were returned by 90% of the sample. The respondents comprised 39% smokers, 20% ex-smokers, and 41% nonsmokers. Altogether 46% of the men and 12% of the women had a history of occupational gas or dust exposure. Occupational asbestos exposure was reported by 10% of the men and 0.4% of the women, and quartz exposure had been experienced by 8% of the men and 0.4% of the women. Smokers with a history of asbestos exposure represented 5% of the male population. Thirty percent of the smokers reported having been advised to stop smoking by a physician. The asbestos-exposed smokers had not received such advice more often than the smokers not exposed to asbestos. The findings indicate that airborne occupational exposure is widespread in the Norwegian County of Hordaland.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

Treatment of stomach cancer, a national experience.

A total of 1165 patients with stomach cancer were entered into a prospective, observational national study. They represented 54 per cent of all stomach cancer patients reported to the Cancer Registry in Norway during the study period, and data are analysed for three hospital levels (local, county and university hospitals). The median age was 71 years (range 18-96 years). The median pretreatment delay was 113 days, and 46 per cent of patients had a performance status (Karnofsky index) of less than or equal to 80. The diagnosis was confirmed by pre-operative histology in 88 per cent of cases. In all, 88 per cent of patients underwent surgery, the resectability rate was 67 per cent and 50 per cent had a potential curative operation. Total gastrectomy was most commonly performed. Lymph node dissection was performed in 14 per cent of those undergoing a curative resection. The postoperative complication rate was 27 per cent but varied with the type of operation, being highest in proximal resection (55 per cent) and lowest after distal resection (19 per cent). A total of 7 per cent of the patients died postoperatively. Most patients had advanced disease at the time of treatment and only 6 per cent had stage I tumours. There were significant differences in patient and treatment characteristics between the three hospital levels. In conclusion, patient selection bias which will influence results does occur. A fairly aggressive attitude towards local disease was found, but the low proportion of patients undergoing lymph node dissection not only leads to questions regarding the efficacy of this treatment policy, but also casts doubt on the validity of staging of stomach cancer. Morbidity and mortality rates are still high. The consequences of the differences revealed between hospital groups are difficult to interpret. Proponents of both regionalization of treatment and small hospital care may find arguments for their case in the data.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Postoperative complications and mortality after surgery for gastric cancer.

Complication rates and postoperative mortality were studied in 1010 consecutive patients entered into the Norwegian Stomach Cancer Trial. Twenty-eight per cent of the patients had one or more complications (31% of the men and 21% of the women). General complications (pneumonia, thromboembolic, and cardiac) were most frequent. The postoperative mortality rate for resected patients was 8.3% (63 of 763). Complication and mortality rates were highest for proximal resections (52% and 16%) followed by total gastrectomy (38% and 8%), subtotal resection (28% and 10%), and distal resection (19% and 7%). By logistic regression analysis it was found that age, sex, operative procedure, prophylactic antibiotics, and splenectomy were significantly related to postoperative complications. The odds ratio for complication for men versus women was 1.75: for no antibiotics versus antibiotic prophylaxis it was 2.5. Relative to distal resection the odds ratio for complications after subtotal resection was 2.2, for total gastrectomy was 3.9, and for proximal resection was 7.6. Age and sex were the only factors that affected operative mortality. The odds ratio for mortality for men versus women was 2.3. The odds ratio for operative mortality was 2.2 when the age of the patient increased with 10 years.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

Characteristics of patients operated on because of suspected arterial embolism: a multivariate analysis.

In order to improve the understanding and classification of patients with suspected arterial embolism, we performed a loglinear analysis to study the interactions among eight characteristics in 202 patients operated on as a result of this diagnosis. Female patients were generally older, were in a poorer cardiac state (NYHA class), and had shorter duration of symptoms before operation than male patients. Atrial dysrhythmias were more common in women than in men less than 75 years of age. After the age of 75, however, the incidence was similar in both sexes. Thus, apparently, poor cardiac function is more commonly associated with acute arterial occlusion in women than in men. In men arterial thrombosis secondary to arteriosclerotic occlusive disease may be more frequent. Ischemic heart disease, age of more than 75 years, and the fact that the patient was a woman were independent predictors of poor cardiac function. Atrial dysrhythmias increased the odds for proximal arterial occlusion compared with distal occlusion, but only in NYHA class 1-2, which suggests that low cardiac output might be of importance in distal thrombotic occlusion in patients with both atrial dysrhythmia and poor cardiac function. Patients with arteriosclerosis had symptoms of longer duration than patients without arteriosclerosis and men had symptoms of longer duration than women, which indicate that the diagnosis was more uncertain, or the disease less severe, in these patients. In patients without evidence of ischemic heart disease, poor cardiac function was a predictor of short duration of symptoms, which suggests that patients with nonatherosclerotic heart disease were correctly treated for arterial emboli without undue delay.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1987

Patient survival and limb prognosis after arterial embolectomy.

Mortality and morbidity after arterial thromboembolectomy were studied in 202 patients. Factors affecting reoperation and survival were identified according to Cox's proportional hazards model. 30-day mortality was 26% and amputation rate 18.5%. NYHA classification was the most important predictor for survival; class 3-4 had a 3.35 times higher death rate than class 1-2. An age greater than 75 years increased the death rate by 2.35 times and the presence of ischaemic heart or peripheral arteriosclerotic disease increased it by 1.69 and 1.65 times, respectively. Symptoms less than or equal to 1 day in duration were associated with a death rate 1.53 times higher than for a longer duration. Reoperation rate was 2.15 times greater in the absence of atrial dysrhythmias. The amputation rate was 3.79 times higher in NYHA class 3-4 than in class 1-2, and 2.47 times higher in the presence of peripheral arteriosclerotic disease. Apparently, thrombosis rather than recurrent embolism is the most important cause of reoperation and amputation. The severity of pre-existing cardiopulmonary disease largely determines prognosis regardless of the severity of the superimposed acute occlusion.

Aged↗
PubMed1987

A prospective study of reproductive factors and breast cancer. I. Parity.

The relation between childbearing and breast cancer risk was investigated in a prospective study of 63,090 Norwegian women, among whom 1,565 breast cancer cases occurred in a follow-up from 1961 through 1980. The authors observed a strong and highly significant inverse association between the number of full-term pregnancies and the risk of breast cancer. The association was consistently found in all subgroups according to demographic variables and was obtained for all histologic subtypes except for cases classified as Paget's disease. The relation with parity could not be explained by confounding with age at first birth or other reproductive factors. The apparent protective effect of high parity was strongest in the groups with an early first birth, and no such effect could be established among women with their first birth at age 35 or later. The protective effect of multiparity was observed for cancers in all age groups. Uniparous women had, however, higher risk of developing breast cancer under age 60 than nulliparous women. Those who reported at least one abortion had somewhat lower risk than those who did not, but no trend according to the number of abortions was observed.

Abortion, Spontaneous↗
PubMed1987

Statistical analysis of clinicopathological features, radiotherapy, and survival in 170 cases of oligodendroglioma.

The postoperative survival time of 170 nonrandomized patients treated for cerebral oligodendrogliomas in Norway from 1953 to 1977 was studied. Survival times were significantly prolonged if postoperative irradiation was performed in addition to surgery (median survival time 26.5 vs. 38 months, p = 0.039). In the group without postoperative radiotherapy, the 5-year rate of survival was 27% compared with 36% in the irradiated patients. The respective survival rates after 8 years were 14% versus 17%; thus, there was little effect on long-term survival. Irradiation appears not to be of benefit after "total" removal. Patients with partly resected lesions appeared to benefit from postoperative radiotherapy; the median survival period after subtotal tumor resection was 37 months with and 26 months without radiotherapy (p = 0.0089). The findings also indicate that irradiation doses between 40 and 50 Gy were as effective as doses between 50 and 60 Gy in increasing the patients' probability of surviving 5 years after subtotal tumor resection. Since the risk of radiation necrosis is proportional to the dose applied, the lower dose is recommended. These conclusions were also valid when adjustments were made for prognostically significant histological and clinical features.

Brain Neoplasms↗
PubMed1987

Stomach cancer: a prospective study of anastomotic failure following total gastrectomy.

The incidence and cause of esophagojejunal anastomotic leakage were prospectively studied in 350 patients following total gastrectomy for stomach cancer. Anastomotic leak was demonstrated in 30 patients (8.6%), ten of whom underwent reoperation. Nine of the 30 patients died. Statistical analysis revealed that the outcome was better for patients with stapled esophagojejunostomy than when the anastomosis was hand-sutured. The odds for leakage were 2.37 times higher in patients with hand-sutured, than in those with stapled anastomosis. Antibiotic prophylaxis may be significant in preventing leakage. No association was found between anastomotic leakage and type of hospital, patient age or sex, preoperative weight loss, concomitant splenectomy or residual tumor in the resection margin.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Risk of carcinoma following gastric operations for benign disease. A historical cohort study of 3470 patients.

The risk of stomach cancer was analysed in a cohort of 3470 patients who had had gastric surgery for benign disease between 1900 and 1969. In 87 patients (2.2%) stomach-stump cancer was diagnosed in the follow-up period 1970-84. By comparison with the total incidence of stomach cancer in the same region during the same time period, the observed versus expected ratio in the post-surgery group was 2.1 (p less than 0.001) and did not differ between men and women. At 5-10 years postoperative the risk of cancer was no different from that in the total population, whereas after 40-45 years it was 7.3-fold higher. The risk was unrelated to primary diagnosis or type of operation.

Adult↗