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Biomedical subjects

G Freundl

Publications and source records attributed to G Freundl.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1991

Effectiveness and acceptibility of the symptothermal method of natural family planning in Germany.

Throughout Germany, 851 women who were instructed in natural family planning participated in a prospective study. Of these, 255 women with 3174 cycles used only natural family planning for family planning and 274 women with 3995 cycles occasionally used barrier methods in the fertile phase. For natural family planning--only users, the Pearl rate for unplanned pregnancy was 2.3 and for mixed-method users 2.1. Most pregnancies resulted from unprotected intercourse during the fertile phase, and the use of barrier methods does not reduce risk-taking.

Body Temperature↗
PubMed1991

[Has family planning behavior in West Germany changed since 1985?].

A survey on the family planning behaviour in the Federal Republic of Germany was conducted by interviewers of the EMNID institute in 1985 (n = 1267) and 1989 (n = 950). The survey was carried out with women of 15 to 45 years of age. It was the aim of the 1989 study, to look into changes of the last four years generally and with regard to the increasing knowledge about AIDS. As the use of a combination of family planning methods has significantly increased in 1989, the overall percentage went very much beyond 100% (1985: 106.1% vs 1989: 138.5%). Hence, for comparison of the figures, we omitted any sociodemographic weighting. For each method, the percentage of the users is reported independently of any additional method used. The figures (%) for use of reversible methods of contraception 1985 vs 1989 were as follows: the pill (52.2/61.9), condom (10.0/24.8), IUD (14.1/10.8), withdrawal (5.8/6.6), mini-pill (1.7/6.5), NFP (8.8/6.0), locally applied chemical device (2.6/5.2), vaginal diaphragm (3.0/3.0). The frequency of sterilisation was 6.9 vs 5.7%; the frequency of unwanted pregnancies 26.6 vs 20.9%. 12.3% of the women aged 18-45 years stated, that family planning behaviour has changed in the last two years. 1/3 of these declared, that AIDS has played an important part in their decision. Answers to other questions are compared 1985 vs 1989, like "reasons for selecting a particular method", "need for use of contraceptives", "frequency of unwanted pregnancies" and "importance of natural methods".

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1990

[Results of a physician survey on the status of knowledge and attitude to natural family planning in West Germany 1988].

Based on a questionnaire, reporters of the EMNID Poll Institute interviewed 229 general practitioners and 237 practising gynaecologists by telephone. When questioned which method for family planning was, in the physicians' opinion, most frequently used and which was most frequently recommended by physicians, contraceptive pills were far ahead of any other method. Somewhat surprising was the fact that up to 36% of the interviewed physicians considered that the intrauterine device is either the most frequently used or the most recommended method. Even the quantity of reports on condoms being the most frequently used method was relatively high (8-10%). 6% of the questioned physicians stated NFP methods as being mainly used, and 10% of the physicians recommended these methods. NFP methods also held the fourth place preceded by contraceptive pills, IUD and condom in the 1985 EMNID survey. Among the NFP methods, body basal temperature was reported to be the most popular and most frequently recommended method. The sympto-thermal method which is world-wide proposed as first choice by the experts, is still fairly unknown. The results arising from this survey indicate the necessity for physicians to gain a more thorough knowledge of modern NFP methods. Unjustified prejudices should be removed, the high reliability, which may be achieved at present, should be propagated and the undeniable advantages of NFP methods should be pointed out. The possible difficulties due to the necessary abstinence during the fertile period should, however, be kept in mind.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

[Special aspects of abdominal adhesions in gynecology].

Even minor adhesions in the oviduct or in the ovarial region may lead to infertility. In a controlled trial the adhesion status was documented in 103 patients who underwent microsurgical operations for infertility. Solutions of (a) streptokinase/streptodornase, (b) hydrocortisone acetate or (c) Ringer's solution only were administered intraperitoneally as adhesion prophylaxis. During a control laparoscopy 1 week after the primary operation, newly formed adhesions of mainly intermediate extent were observed in about 10% of the patients. There was no significant difference in efficacy between the prophylactic treatment.

Combined Modality Therapy↗
PubMed1990

[Clinical and endocrinologic aspects of treatment with pure FSH. A report of experiences].

Ovarian stimulation with pure urinary FSH (Fertinorm, Serono Freiburg, FRG) shows therapeutic efficacy in patients with chronic clomiphene-resistant anovulation and elevated androgen levels. In case of unsatisfactory ovarian response the rate of success can be improved by adding HMG. 20 patients were stimulated for a total of 36 cycles. Cycle monitoring was performed by transbdominal ultrasound and cervical mucus evaluation. Hormone determination (E2, LH, FSH, prolactin, testosterone, DHEAS) was carried out retrospectively. In 17 cycles HMG was added because of insufficient follicle maturation. Upon achieving a dominant follicle with a diameter of more than 1.6 cm (25 cycles, 14 of those with FSH stimulation only) HCG was applied for induction of ovulation. In 22 cycles ovulation occurred. 7 of those revealed sings of luteal phase deficiency. In anovulatory cycles (n = 3) there was a discrepancy between sonography and E2-levels. Premature increase in LH, partly with subsequent luteinization of follicles was observed in 7 of all 36 cycles (19.4%), 2 of those under sole FSH-stimulation. The number of dominant follicles on the day of HCG-application was 1.40 +/- 1.06 (n = 15) in cycles with FSH alone and 2.09 +/- 1.76 (n = 11) in cycles with additional HMG. Hyperstimulation (more than 4 leading follicles) was induced in 9 cycles (5 cycles with FSH only). In 7 (4) cases HCG had to be cancelled. Polyfollicular ovarian reaction and premature increase in LH preferentially occurred in cycles with high basel levels of LH and elevated LH/FSH-ratio.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Selective filtration of abnormal spermatozoa by the cervical mucus.

The Düsseldorf classification of spermatozoal morphology in semen is based on the spermatogenesis in the testis. So it is possible in some cases to relate a pathological finding in semen to a special disorder in the testis. We have tested the filtering effect of the cervical mucus on the various spermatozoal forms by performing a post-coital test from the upper cervical region after artificial insemination from the husband (AIH). It was found that in addition to the motility of spermatozoa their outer shape is very important for their transport through the cervical canal. Pathological spermatozoa with a rather normal-shaped head like AI and AII forms will pass the cervix almost like normal spermatozoa. In a superficial post-coital test they can be classified as 'normal'. Still, they are not able to fertilize an egg.

Cervix Mucus↗
PubMed1988

Demographic study on the family planning behaviour of the German population: the importance of natural methods.

A total of 1,267 women in the F.R.G., aged from 15 to 45 years, were interviewed about their family planning behavior and the importance of natural methods of family planning (NFP) in a representative demographic study. It was found that 19.6% of the respondents were not sexually active. The others used various methods, as follows: pill, 38.4%; IUD, 10.3%; condom, 5.9%; diaphragm, 2.1%; spermicides, 0.8%; withdrawal, 3.4%; NFP methods, 3.9%. The main reason for rejecting a method was a possible medical risk. Of the responding women, 73% had some previous knowledge about NFP; 47% of them found such methods to be interesting, and approximately 20% indicated a high probability of the use of NFP methods in the future.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

[Results of a representative survey of family planning behavior in West Germany 1985].

A report on the result of a representative survey of family planning behavior in the Federal Republic of Germany in 1985. Interviewers from the EMNID Institute questioned 1267 German women aged between 15 and 45. Of the women interviewed, 6.1% had been sterilized, while in 1.3% of cases, their partner had been sterilized. Regarding the use of reversible methods of contraception, the following figures were established: pill, 37.1%; IUD, 10.3%; condom, 5.9%; rhythm method, 3.9%; withdrawal 3.4%; vaginal diaphragm, 2.1%; mini-pill, 1.3%; locally effective chemical substances, 0.8%. A few women (1.9%) stated that they used a mixture of methods. No information about family planning methods was offered by 13.4% of the women interviewed. The figures obtained were further differentiated according to age, marital status, school education, religion, number of children, desire for more children, profession, and net income. The authors' own questions concerned the early use of contraceptives, the reasons for abandoning a particular method, the reasons for choosing a certain type of contraceptive, sources of information about family planning, the frequency of changes from one type of contraceptive to another, and opinions about the rhythm method. Finally, the result of the EMNID survey is compared with that of known studies both at home and abroad.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

Demonstration of hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases and testosterone in the Sertoli-Leydig cell tumor (androblastoma) tissue of the human ovary: an enzyme histochemical and immunohistochemical study.

Gynecological, endocrinological and histological tests on a 19-year-old female patient led to the diagnosis of Sertoli-Leydig cell tumor (arrhenoblastoma) of intermediate differentiation. For enzyme histochemical purposes the tumor tissue, removed from the right ovary by laparatomy, was frozen in liquid nitrogen. The following enzymes were demonstrated: nonspecific esterases, 3 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (HSDH), 17 beta-HSDH, 11 beta-HSDH, and NADH tetrazolium reductase. Cryostat sections, prefixed with formaldehyde vapors, were used to localize testosterone production immunohistochemically with the PAP method. A large number of pseudotubules with Sertoli cells were observed; the Leydig cells in the interstitial space were often arranged in the form of islands. Strong nonspecific esterase activity weak 3 beta-HSDH activity, moderate 17 beta-HSDH activity, and strong 11 beta-HSDH activity were observed largely in the Leydig cells. Testosterone synthesis, demonstrated immunohistochemically, took place predominantly in the Leydig cells, but also to a small extent in the Sertoli cells.

11-beta-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenases↗