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Biomedical subjects

G Gardos

Publications and source records attributed to G Gardos.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

Early dyskinesia--vulnerability.

Relative vulnerability to dyskinesia in terms of exposure to antipsychotic drugs prior to onset of dyskinesia was studied in a sample of 100 psychiatric patients with dyskinesia onset generally within a year or less of the point of study entry. Unipolar and bipolar patients were more vulnerable to dyskinesia than other diagnostic groups. In the total sample, lithium exposure did not appear to delay development of dyskinesia. Longer exposure to antiparkinson drugs was associated with delayed onset of dyskinesia. Past exposure to electroconvulsive therapy was related to decreased vulnerability to dyskinesia.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Quantitative assessment of psychomotor activity in patients with neuroleptic-induced akathisia.

1. An ambulatory activity monitor with solid-state memory was employed to obtain 24-hour activity data in 29 neuroleptic-treated hospitalized patients and 9 normal controls. 2. The activity monitor is a piezoelectric device which was strapped to the non-dominant ankle. Activity was recorded in 5-minute epochs throughout the 24-hour period. 3. In contrast to patients with mania (N = 15) and schizophrenia (N = 4), depressed patients (N = 9) had higher clinical ratings of akathisia and lower levels of daytime activity. 4. Manic and depressed patients showed a delay of peak activity (= acrophase). 5. Quantifiable alterations in rest-activity rhythms may occur in neuroleptic-induced akathisia but measurement of activity may be complicated by the patient's psychiatric disorder.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

The acute effects of a loading dose of phenylalanine in unipolar depressed patients with and without tardive dyskinesia.

The effects of a loading dose of 100 mg/kg phenylalanine (PHE) were assessed in three groups of DSM-III-R diagnosed unipolar depressed patients: patients with tardive dyskinesia (TD) (n = 11); patients exposed to neuroleptics (NLs) but without TD (n = 10); and patients never exposed to NLs (n = 10). No significant differences were obtained in fasting and 2 hour postloading PHE plasma levels between the groups. A statistically significant correlation was found between Abnormal Involuntary Movements Scale total scores and postloading PHE plasma levels (p less than .05). Three TD patients showed unusually large increases in PHE plasma levels and PHE:large neutral amino acid ratios. Abnormalities in PHE metabolism may contribute to the development and severity of TD in some NL-treated unipolar depressed patients.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

Calmodulin-binding domains from isozymes of the plasma membrane Ca2+ pump have different regulatory properties.

Peptides C28R2 and C28R1A, representing the two main alternative classes of calmodulin-binding domains from the plasma membrane Ca2+ pump, were tested for their calmodulin-binding properties and for their capacity to interact with pump from which the calmodulin-binding domain had been removed by chymotryptic proteolysis. Peptide C28R2 was more effective in both capacities. Binding of peptide to calmodulin was measured by competition experiments. Such experiments indicated that Ki for C28R2 as an inhibitor of the pump-calmodulin interaction was 0.1 nM, whereas C28R1A had a Ki of 1 nM. Interaction of peptide with chymotryptically activated Ca2+ pump was measured by observing the inhibition by peptide of active Ca2+ transport into inside-out membrane vesicles at low Ca2+. Those experiments showed that C28R2 interacted relatively strongly (an IC50 of 1 microM), whereas C28R1A had an IC50 of 15 microM. The calmodulin-binding peptides had effects on both the K1/2 for Ca2+ and the Vmax of the proteolyzed pump. The effects on the K1/2 for Ca2+ were related to the net plus charge on the peptide, with the most positive peptides being most effective in competing with Ca2+. The substantial differences between C28R2 and C28R1A suggest that Ca2+ pumps containing calmodulin-binding domains like C28R1A have lower calmodulin affinities and higher activities in the absence of activator.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1989

Functional domains of the in situ red cell membrane calcium pump revealed by proteolysis and monoclonal antibodies. Possible sites for regulation by calpain and acidic lipids.

The functional domains of the in situ red cell membrane calcium pump were mapped by a double labeling technique. In inside-out vesicles (IOVs) the calcium pump was phosphorylated by [gamma-32P]ATP, the proteins blotted onto nitrocellulose and tagged by monoclonal antibodies raised against the purified pump protein. After proteolytic treatment of the IOVs by trypsin, chymotrypsin, or calpain-I, the fragmentation pattern of the enzyme was followed on the double-labeled immunoblots. The changes in the kinetics of the pump were examined by parallel measurements of the active calcium uptake in IOVs. By analysis of the results of tryptic digestion, it was possible to show that the antibodies recognized three different domains of the pump: 1) a Mr = 10,000-15,000 fragment (not seen directly) which includes the calmodulin-binding domain, 2) a nonphosphorylated Mr = 35,000 tryptic fragment, and 3) a phosphorylated fragment of Mr = 76,000-81,000. Chymotrypsin or calpain-I digestion of the membranes produced one major, Mr = 125,000 fragment, which had lost antibody-binding region 1. Production of this fragment coincided with the loss of calmodulin dependence and with a calmodulin-like activation of IOV calcium uptake (high Vmax, cooperativity in calcium activation). The Mr = 125,000 fragment was further activated by acidic lipids producing high Vmax and low K 1/2 (Ca2+) with no cooperativity. Based on these data a kinetic model and a functional map of the plasma membrane calcium pump is suggested.

Adenosine Triphosphate↗
PubMed1979

A rating scale for tardive dyskinesia.

A rating scale for tardive dyskinesia was developed, consisting of nearly all signs seen by two groups of investigators over a 5-year period. Thirty-four items were included in the scale with a possibility of writing in idiosyncratic signs. The scale was shown to have good reliability and validity in studies carried out by both the New York and Boston groups. It is recommended as a suitable instrument for describing the breadth of tardive dyskinesia syndrome and also for quantifying the disorder. A second scale, "the abbreviated dyskinesia scale", contains 13 items which are more global than the items in the original scale. It also has been shown to be both reliable and valid. Its use is suited to situations requiring less extensively detailed assessments.

Dyskinesia, Drug-Induced↗
PubMed1979

Placebo response, placebo effect, and two attributes.

Two putative predictors of placebo response were studied in three samples of psychiatric outpatients. Two groups, 73 university medical center patients and 56 college health service patients, underwent 1 week of placebo treatment. A quasi-control group of 112 patients receiving no medication waited about 1 week before beginning psychotherapy. One attribute, acquiescence or traditionalism, predicted placebo response, thereby replicating prior findings. Acquiescence was unrelated to change in controls indicating that it may represent a correlate of true placebo effect under some conditions. Additional findings suggested qualifications as to the generality of the relationship. The second attribute, autonomic awareness, was associated with change in all three samples. It appeared to predict nonspecific improvement unrelated to placebo probably due to its relationship to intensity of somatization.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

ACTH 4-10 in the amelioration of neuropsychological symptomatology associated with senile organic brain syndrome.

Eighteen male and female volunteers over the age of sixty who exhibited mild senile organic brain syndrome were administered ACTH 4-10 (Org OI 63) (30 mg, s.c.) or saline in a 2 X 2 Latin square design. Subjects experienced a reduction in depression and confusion and an increase in vigor. This evidence of an increase in vigor was supported behaviorally by a delay in the onset of increased latency in reaction time. Data also indicated that retrieval from memory may be enhanced by this compound. The electroencephalogram evinced a shift to lower frequencies under ACTH 4-10, but this effect was primarily noted in the females who received drug followed by placebo. These effects of ACTH 4-10 are intriguing and suggest that further work in this area should be encouraged.

Adrenocorticotropic Hormone↗
PubMed1979

The effects of papaverine in tardive dyskinesia.

1. The therapeutic efficacy of papaverine for tardive dyskinesia was tested in 23 psychogeriatric and 18 chronic schizophrenic patients. Papaverine was given in slow-release capsules at 150 mg BID for one week followed by 300 mg BID for five weeks. A single blind design was used with blind raters and a 6-week no drug control condition. 2. Oro-facial dyskinesia was significantly reduced by papaverine in the psychogeriatric group during the first six weeks. Only a few patients showed at least 50% improvement of dyskinesia scores. Overall the drug effects were modest. 3. Other findings of interest were a) EEG showed increased per cent time of alpha and reduced beta 1. b) Parkinsonian side effects tended to confirm dopamine antagonism by papaverine. c) No tolerance was seen after six weeks. d) Elderly female patients and those with oro-facial dyskinesia appeared to respond best to papaverine.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

Withdrawal syndromes associated with antipsychotic drugs.

Withdrawal symptoms frequently follow abrupt discontinuation of antipsychotic compounds. In addition to other somatic symptoms, withdrawal-emergent dyskinesias may be observed. "Covert dyskinesia" refers to a masked form of tardive dyskinesia that becomes clinically detectable only after antipsychotic drugs are withdrawn or their dosage is reduced. Withdrawal dyskinesia appears under similar circumstances but disappears spontaneously in 6 to 12 weeks. Cholinergic overactivity and changes in dopamine-acetylcholine balance in the basal ganglia may underlie these withdrawal syndromes. The principal value of the concept of covert dyskinesia is in the secondary and tertiary prevention of tardive dyskinesia through early discovery and treatment.

Acetylcholine↗
PubMed1978

Doxepin or diazepam for anxious and anxious-depressed outpatients?

A six-week double blind comparison of doxepin and diazepam in the treatment of 61 anxious outpatients showed few drug differences. Diazepam treated patients improved significantly more early in the trial, according to a few measures. They also had significantly fewer complaints of drowsiness. By six weeks, the medicines appeared roughly equal in efficacy. Practically no support was found for the position that doxepin may be more beneficial for anxious-depressive syndromes. In all patients, and also within the anxious-depressive subgroup, there were small mean differences on many criteria favoring doxepin at six weeks, but none reached significance. The doxepin group gained significantly more weight. Possible biasing influences were present requiring that the results be interpreted with particular caution.

Adolescent↗