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Biomedical subjects

G Garlaschi

Publications and source records attributed to G Garlaschi.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2003

Power Doppler analysis of tendon vascularization.

Forty-nine patients with tendonitis (patellar in 16, quadriceps in two, Achilles in 12, rotator cuff disease in 19) and 47 patients with tenosynovitis (acute tenosynovitis in 25, stenosing tenosynovitis in 22) underwent ultrasound (US) and Power Doppler (PD)-US examination. Spectral analysis of flow signals was performed in all patients. Ten patients (six with tendonitis, four with tenosynovitis) were rewired after medical therapy. Six healthy volunteers were also examined for control purposes. Three different patterns of flow distribution were found in patients with tendonitis and active tenosynovitis. The vessels of tendons without tendon sheaths began with great peduncles at the level of the peritendinous soft tissues and were then distributed inside the tendon (pattern I). A clear peritendinous hypervascular pattern was found in all active tenosynovitis, but no vessels were found inside the tendons (pattern II). In some cases of intratendinous or partial lesions PD-US revealed some vessels located near or inside the lesion (pattern II). On spectral analysis these vessels corresponded to arteries with a low resistance index or small venules. PD-US revealed a significant reduction of flow signals in patients rewired after medical therapy. No pathological flow signals were found either in patients with stenosing tenosynovitis or in the control group. PD-US gives us an in vivo confirmation of tendon vascularity. Spectral analysis adds further information to gray-scale US.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2001

Transabdominal ultrasonography of the small bowel after oral administration of a non-absorbable anechoic solution: comparison with barium enteroclysis.

AIM: The aim of this study was to determine if oral administration of a non-absorbable anechoic solution conveys any benefit during abdominal ultrasound (US), with special reference to its accuracy. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Fifty-three adult out-patients scheduled for small bowel barium enema (SBE) were included. The day before SBE all patients underwent abdominal US before and after oral administration of an isotonic non-absorbable electrolyte solution containing polyethylene glycol (PEG-ELS). Sensitivity and specificity were evaluated using SBE as a gold standard. RESULTS: After ingestion of PEG-ELS satisfactory distension of the intestinal lumen was obtained (11-25 mm) with sequential visualization of jejunoileal loops in 30.9 +/- 17.3 min. In 15 out of 53 cases both US and SBE showed bowel changes characteristic of Crohn's disease. In three out of 53 cases both US and SBE showed neoplasms. In one out of 53 cases US was negative, SBE positive for local nodularity and ulcerations typical of Crohn's disease. In one out of 53 cases US was negative, SBE positive for macronodularity consistent with coeliac disease. In five out of 53 cases US was negative, while SBE was positive for mininodularity expressive of lymphoid hyperplasia. In 28 out of 53 cases both examinations were negative. CONCLUSION: PEG-ELS administration allows a thorough US investigation of the small bowel, with fair sensitivity (72%) and excellent specificity (100%). False negative findings are mainly due to lymphoid hyperplasia, a feature of uncertain significance in adults.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

An appraisal of magnetic resonance imaging of the wrist in rheumatoid arthritis.

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the role of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in the diagnosis, staging, and follow-up of the rheumatoid wrist. METHODS: A Medline search was performed to identify all publications from the years 1985 to 1999 concerning MRI of the wrist in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Additional papers were retrieved by scanning the references to the Medline-listed articles. Details of the MRI technique, as well as clinical data, were analyzed and compared. RESULTS: A total of 55 papers were identified. There were considerable variations in imaging sequence, section type, and slice thickness. Erosions and synovitis were the conditions that mostly profited from the adoption of MRI. Although the visualization of erosions was better detailed with MRI than with conventional radiography, erosions were only rarely related to clinical and laboratory parameters. Another advantage was that synovitis imaging, which can be enhanced by contrast agents, was amenable to quantitation. The extent of the synovial surface and the rate of contrast enhancement in a series of consecutive, rapidly acquired images were the most common measures. CONCLUSIONS: MRI of the rheumatoid wrist is a useful technique to ascertain the criteria for diagnosis and progression of RA, and to monitor the effects of treatment. Implementation of a standardized protocol could further increase its value.

Ankylosis↗
PubMed1997

Magnetic resonance evaluation of autonomous thyroid nodules treated by percutaneous ethanol injection.

Magnetic resonance (MR) imaging was used to evaluate the effect of ultrasound-guided percutaneous ethanol injection (PEI) of autonomous thyroid nodules (ATNs). Nine patients affected with ATN (3.7-32.2 mL volume) underwent PEI (4-19 mL ethanol, subdivided in 3-6 weekly procedures). MR imaging (1.5 T) was performed before each alcoholization and 1 month after the last PEI procedure with the following parameters: T1- (550/12) and T2-weighted (2200/160) spin-echo images; 4-mm slices, 10% gap; coronal planes. A further seven patients with normal thyroid function, who had undergone PEI 6-18 months before, underwent an MR examination with the same parameters. The signal-to-noise ratio (S/N) of ATN and extranodular gland, as well as ATN volume, were evaluated on the T2-weighted images. On T1-weighted images, ATNs appeared mostly hypointense before treatment, with hyperintense areas during treatment, and were lightly hyperintense 6-18 months after treatment. S/N on T2-weighted images: extranodular gland 3.5-9.2; ATNs, before treatment 13.2-19.7, before the last procedure 7.7-11.6, 1 month after the last procedure 5.6-10.9; previously treated ATNs, 4.3-8.2. No significant volume reduction was observed with MR 1 month after the last procedure. The MR examination time was about 15 minutes. In conclusion, the effect of PEI on ATNs can be evaluated with an MR examination that is not very time consuming.

Administration, Cutaneous↗
PubMed1996

CT-guided needle localization of lung nodules for thoracoscopic resection.

We used CT to guide positioning of hookwires within 19 lung nodules in order to localize them prior to thoracoscopic surgery. Both Hawkins III and Kopans-type needles with internal hookwires were employed. Nodule diameter ranged between 0.7 and 4 cm (mean 1.7 cm), and depth from the site of entry of the needle into the pleural surface ranged from 0.5 to 8 cm. Needles were advanced using a technique identical to that for CT-guided biopsy, and localization proved successful in 18 of 19 cases. During surgery, dislodgement of the guidewire occurred in 5 cases, probably due to traction manoeuvers on it. In all these cases the hook of the wire had been opened within the nodule. No dislodgement occurred in patients in whom the needle had been advanced beyond the nodule and the hook allowed to open in the pulmonary parenchyma deep to it. Severe complications did not occur: there was moderate pleuritic pain in 16 cases and asymptomatic pneumothorax in 13 patients. Computer-tomography-guided needle localization of lung nodules is a safe and relatively easy procedure that allows thoracoscopic surgery of lesions which otherwise might be impossible to locate and resect.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Primary lymphoma of the mandible with diffuse widening of the mandibular canal: report of a case.

A case of primary non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) of the mandible with unusual radiographic presentation is reported. The panoramic radiography revealed diffuse widening of the right mandibular canal with ill-defined margins and absence of edge sclerosis. Computed tomography showed infiltration of the superior portion of the canal with involvement of the vestibular cortex of the bone and of the alveolar ridge.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Gastric liposarcoma: CT appearance.

Two cases of liposarcoma of the stomach are described. At computed tomography (CT) the neoplasms showed features of an aggressive malignant tumor, with no fatty values within. We discuss the differential diagnosis of such lesions and conclude that, although rare, liposarcoma should be considered as a possible diagnosis when a large exophytic gastric mass is detected at CT.

Diagnosis, Differential↗
PubMed1992

Sonographic characterization of an accessory fissure of the left hepatic lobe determined by omental infolding.

This article describes the sonographic appearance of a very common accessory fissure of the liver located on the inferior side of the left lobe. The fissure was recognized in about 5% of 800 consecutive subjects and showed variable appearance owing to different insertion levels on the inferior hepatic surface. It extended from the left hepatic border to the Rex's recess or alternatively to the falciform ligament or the gallbladder fossa and contained the hepatogastric and hepatoduodenal ligaments, as demonstrated by laparotomy in six cases. At surgery, there was no evidence of thickening of Glisson's capsule at the fissure site, thus suggesting that the fissure is the result of extrinsic remodeling of the left lobe by omental infolding.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

[Color-Doppler echography of the testis. Study technique and vascular anatomy].

Color-Doppler sonography has recently made it possible to image scrotal vascularity non-invasively. This study was undertaken to determine the normal color-Doppler appearance and distribution of scrotal vessels and to define the technical principles of the examination. Color-Doppler imaging was effective in detecting both funicolar and testicular vessels. Among these, capsular (25/25), trans-testicular (10/25), centripetal and recurrent (25/25) arteries were easily identified. Waveforms analysis allowed to differentiate veins from arteries within testis and to distinguish (8/10) supratesticular (high impedance pattern with absent diastolic flow) from intratesticular arteries (low impedance pattern with high levels of diastolic flow). The optimal color depiction of scrotal vascularity needed the appropriate selection of several imaging parameters to increase detection of low-velocity, low-volume flows within the small testicular vessels. Such parameters included: PRF (ranging 1500 to 600 Hz), wall filters (ranging 25 to 50 Hz), color gain (maximized for optimal sensitivity while avoiding excessive color noise), color vs. echo priority (ranging 70 to 90%) and color persistence (adjusted to high values). In conclusion, color-Doppler imaging is capable of reliably showing the normal anatomy of testicular vessels. It could make a reliable substitute for scintigraphy and continuous wave Doppler in diagnosing scrotal conditions that alter blood flow.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

[Xerography of diseases caused by microcrystalline deposits].

In this work, the authors have pointed out the role of xeroradiography in the diagnostic assessment of joint disorders associated to dystrophic microcalcifications (gout, pseudogout, acute calcific periarthritis). Within this class of pathology, the physical and technical characteristics of xeroradiography imaging (side-effect; showing of details; wide range of x-ray exposition; small density differences) are capable to depict all the joints and related structures involved. In addition particular attention was paid to drew out the joint disorders associated to dystrophic microcalcifications from the vague and non specific term of "arthropathy".

Calcinosis↗
PubMed1986

Comparative effects of nonionic (iopamidol) and ionic (sodium and meglumine diatrizoate) contrast media for urography on urinary excretion of water and solutes.

Urinary water and solute excretion before and for 40 minutes after intravenous bolus injection of a nonionic (iopamidol) or an ionic medium (sodium meglumine diatrizoate) have been studied in subjects with normal renal function. Iopamidol produced less urinary losses of water, potassium, sodium, and chloride than did diatrizoate; uric acid excretion was also less enhanced. Surprisingly, both contrast agents produced a comparable increase in urinary pH and bicarbonate excretion. These data show that nonionic agents produce fewer changes in urinary excretion of water and solutes; the less enhanced excretion of uric acid after a nonionic medium may be an important reason to choose the latter agents for urography in patients at risk for urate neophropathy.

Bicarbonates↗