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G Garlaschi

Publications and source records attributed to G Garlaschi.

31 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1980

[Portal hypertension due to hyperafflux: presentation of a case of ileocecocolic arteriovenous angiodysplasia (author's transl)].

A rare case of arteriovenous angiodysplasia leading to portal hypertension due to absolute hyperafflux is reported. After a note on the singularity and rarity of the case, the importance of hepatic manometric, oxymetric and fluximetric observations in diagnosis of hyperafflux is stressed. In the case described, in particular, the pre-operative hemodynamic examinations, although they did not lead to certain diagnosis, served to demonstrate the excellent perfusion capacity a histologically healthy liver can have, even in conditions of pure portal hyperafflux lasting for a long time.

Arteriovenous Fistula↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Gastric metastases from retroperitoneal leiomyosarcoma.

Computed tomographic (CT) appearance of two cases of gastric metastases from retroperitoneal leiomyosarcoma are reported. In both cases tumors infiltrated the gastric wall with endoluminal growth. The use of water-filling technique in opacifying the lumen and distending the gastric wall is also emphasized.

Female↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Primary liver leiomyosarcoma: CT appearance.

Primary hepatic leiomyosarcomas are exceedingly rare tumors. To the best of our knowledge, only 17 cases have been reported in literature. We report the computed tomographic findings of two cases of primary location in the liver. We also discuss the differential diagnosis of such lesions.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

CT of renal metastatic disease. A pictorial essay.

The routine use of computed tomography (CT) for the staging and follow-up of malignant neoplasm has improved the detection of secondary spread to the kidneys. This essay illustrates the gamut of the CT aspects of such secondary lesions. Seven main patterns of metastatic features are identified. Some of these patterns appear to reproduce the same radiological features seen in the corresponding primary lesions. Where feasible, differential diagnostic criteria are offered.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Adrenal carcinomas in AIDS. Report of three cases.

With the recent advances in treatment of AIDS, we have seen an increase in detection of malignant neoplasms in our patients. While some malignancies have an undoubted relationship with the HIV infection, others represent nothing more than sporadic reports and their relationship with the underlying immunological deficit is all but clear. We report the imaging findings in three patients with AIDS and an adrenal adenocarcinoma. We also discuss the peculiar imaging aspects of these pathological entities and report some pathogenetic theories on the relationship between AIDS and neoplasms.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Thin-section CT follow-up of metastatic ovarian carcinoma correlation with levels of CA-125 marker and clinical history.

Second-look laparotomy and CA-125 are the gold standard in follow-up of ovarian carcinoma. Since no definite role seems established for cross-sectional imaging in assessment of recurrence we employed thin-section computed tomography (CT), correlated with CA-125 levels and detailed knowledge of the clinical history as a follow-up protocol One hundred seventy-seven patients with ovarian carcinoma were selected because of: (a) pathologically proven remission after first-line chemotherapy, (b) follow-up by means of thin-section CT every 6 months for the fist 3 years and every 10 months subsequently, (c) monitoring CA-125 serum levels every 3 months for the first 3 years and every 6 months subsequently; (d) pathologic confirmation or clinical and laboratory follow-up after 12 months or longer for the CT findings. Fifty percent of the patients showed recurrence of disease. Our protocol yielded 93.2% true positive, dubious findings in 5.6% 1.0% false negatives, 97.7% true negative, and 2.3% false positive. With a tailored technique, CT was particularly sensitive in early diagnosis of peritoneal seeding, even in the absence of ascites or increases in the levels of CA-125. Repeated administration of contrast medium, water enemas, and repeated scanning of suspicious volumes with differing scanning parameters were the factors managed by the radiologist. We conclude that thin-section CT, correlated with CA-125 levels and careful review of the clinical history could represent a valid alternative to repeated explorative laparotomies in the follow-up of ovarian carcinomas.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Sirenomelia. Pathological features, antenatal ultrasonographic clues, and a review of current embryogenic theories.

We aimed to discuss the prenatal diagnosis and pathological features of sirenomelia, and to review current embryogenic theories. We observed two sirenomelic fetuses that were at the 19th and 16th gestational week respectively. In the former, transvaginal ultrasound revealed severe oligohydramnios and internal abortion, whereas bilateral renal agenesis, absence of a normally tapered lumbosacral spine, and a single, dysmorphic lower limb were detected in the latter. In both cases, X-rays and autoptic examination allowed categorization on the basis of the skeletal deformity. Subtotal sacrococcygeal agenesis was present in both cases. Agenesis of the urinary apparatus and external genitalia and anorectal atresia were also found. Classification of sirenomelia separately from caudal regression syndrome is still debated. Recent advances in the understanding of axial mesoderm patterning during early embryonic development suggest that sirenomelia represents the most severe end of the caudal regression spectrum. Third-trimester ultrasonographic diagnosis is usually impaired by severe oligohydramnios related to bilateral renal agenesis, whereas during the early second trimester the amount of amniotic fluid may be sufficient to allow diagnosis. Early antenatal sonographic diagnosis is important in view of the dismal prognosis, and allows for earlier, less traumatic termination of pregnancy.

Ectromelia↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Gradient echo MRI of portal vein thrombosis.

The MR appearance of thrombosis of the portal vein and its branches using gradient echo (GRE) sequences is described. The study consists of two separate parts. In the first part, five normal volunteers were examined to select the optimal section plane for each portal vessel to be studied. Given the "time of flight" effect of GRE sequences, a scan plane perpendicular to the direction of flow was used to obtain maximal signal enhancement of flowing blood. In the second part of the study, 13 patients with thrombosis of the portal system diagnosed by Doppler sonography, CT, and digital subtraction angiography were examined with the GRE technique. Gradient echo MR confirmed the presence and defined the extent of vessel thrombosis with high diagnostic accuracy. In addition, it proved accurate in detecting portosystemic collaterals. We concluded that the GRE technique can be effectively used as a complement to conventional SE MR to further delineate portal vessels.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Correlation between radiographic, echographic and MRI changes and rheumatoid arthritis progression].

OBJECTIVES: To review the imaging methods used for the evaluation of disease progression in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and to evaluate the results of their application in pharmacological trials. METHODS: Literature articles dealing with radiology, echography, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of patients with RA were evaluated in a non-systematic fashion. RESULTS: Conventional radiology is the gold standard for the evaluation of disease progression in RA because of its diffusion, economy, and standardization. Different techniques have been proposed to evaluate radiological damage of the joints, with the Larsen's and Sharp's methods being most widely used. These methods are commonly used for the evaluation of the ability of DMARDs to slow RA progression. Among traditional DMARDs, gold salts, sulphasalazine, methotrexate, cyclosporin, and leflunomide have shown efficacy in slowing the appearance of new erosions. The same effect has been recently demonstrated for infliximab plus methotrexate, anakinra and etanercept. However, conventional radiology has several disadvantages, because it is monoplanar and has a low sensitivity to change. Newer imaging techniques, such as echography and MRI are extensively studied and have been used occasionally in the mediumterm evaluation of DMARDs, with promising results. CONCLUSIONS: Although conventional radiology is still the gold standard for the evaluation of disease progression in RA, newer techniques are increasingly studied. In particular, standardization of echographic and MRI imaging of the joints is in progress.

Arthritis, Rheumatoid↗
PubMedDate not supplied

How normal are the hands of normal controls? A study with dedicated magnetic resonance imaging.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate bone and soft tissue changes in the hands of normal subjects by MRI. METHODS: Twenty-three normal volunteers (16 women) agreed to be examined. MRI of the hand was performed with a dedicated-extremity 0.2 Tesla device using gradient echo, spin echo and STIR sequences. Joint space width was measured in 16 different locations of the hand. Bone lesions, including bone oedema, ankylosis, and erosions, as well as the presence of tenosynovitis were investigated. RESULTS: Reproducibility of measures of joint space width was relatively good with an intraclass correlation coefficient of 0.82 and 0.71 in the intra-observer and inter-observer evaluations, respectively. No age- or sex-related differences of joint space were observed. Reproducibility of the readings of bone oedema and tenosynovitis were optimal. Bone oedema and erosions were observed in 2/23 (8.7%) and in 6/23 (26.1%) subjects, respectively. Tenosynovitis of the extensor tendons was present in 1/23 subjects (4.3%), whereas tenosynovitis of the flexor tendons was seen in 4/23 (17.4%). CONCLUSION: This study demonstrates that joint changes considered to be peculiar of arthritis can be found by MRI in a relevant percentage of healthy subjects. Our data suggest that a control group of healthy subjects should be included in MRI studies on the appearance of the wrist in disease.

Adult↗