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Biomedical subjects

G Granström

Publications and source records attributed to G Granström.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1990

Cytological and bacteriological aspects of secretory otitis media.

Bacteriological and cytological examinations were performed on 105 middle ear secretions from 66 children with middle ear effusion (MEE) of more than 3 months' duration. The secretions were searched for granulocytes and the activity of these cells was judged by their capacity for random locomotion and their ability to reduce nitroblue tetrazolium. The functional characteristics of the granulocytes were compared with the bacteriological findings on cultures from MEE. Bacteria commonly regarded as pathogens in middle ear infections (Hemophilus influenzae, Branhamella catarrhalis or Streptococcus pneumoniae) were found in 25% of the secretions. Granulocytes with activity or lacking activity, virtually dead, were found in all secretions where these bacteria were isolated. In secretions where bacteria commonly regarded as commensals, mainly staphylococci, were isolated, about two thirds of the secretions showed phagocytes with or without activity. No relation between bacterial growth and the functional state of the granulocytes was observed. In contrast, no phagocytes were found in over 60% of MEE lacking bacterial growth. These findings suggest a role for bacteria in the development and maintenance of secretory otitis media.

Child↗
PubMed1990

Retinoid-induced nasal malformations.

Treatment of pregnant Sprague-Dawley rats with etretinate or retinoic acid on pregnancy days 8.5-9.0 resulted in craniofacial defects in all embryos. A morphological investigation of the malformations occurring in the nasal region is described. The external nose was deformed with a depressed nasal bridge and pronounced hump. Fusion between nasal processes was defective, resulting in fistulas and clefts. The nasal septal cartilage was reduced in size, the paranasal cartilage was missing, the parietothecal cartilage was deformed and the paraseptal cartilage was dislocated. Aberrant vessels were seen on the external nose in combination with underdevelopment of the vibrissae. The distance between the outer nasal pores was reduced after administration of retinoids.

Abnormalities, Drug-Induced↗
PubMed1990

Nasal polyposis as a risk factor for hypertension.

Arterial hypertension was found in 78 of 224 consecutive patients operated for nasal polyposis. An exacerbated degree of hypertension was significant in groups aged above 50 years. In total, 46% of patients whose nasal polyposis was of a duration of more than 10 years suffered from hypertension. Fifty of 78 patients developed hypertension after nasal polyposis was established and the mean duration time from polyposis to hypertension was 11.1 years. Hypertension was established in 50% of patients suffering from the triad asthma, intolerance to acetylsalicylic acid and nasal polyposis. In analogy with knowledge that sleep apnoea and snoring are aetiological factors for arterial hypertension, we propose that long-standing nasal obstruction by nasal polyposis be a risk factor for arterial hypertension.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Retinoid-induced ear malformations.

Treatment of pregnant Sprague-Dawley rats with retinoic acid or etretinate pregnancy day 8.5 to 9.0 resulted in craniofacial defects in 100% of the embryos. A morphologic investigation of the malformations occurring in the ear was performed. Outer ears were missing, microtic, low-placed, and dorsally situated. External acoustic meatus was short or absent. Middle ear structures were delayed in differentiation, middle ear ossicle primordia were hypoplastic and malformed, the stapedial artery and facial nerve were hypoplastic, and their relation to the stapes was variable. In the inner ear, the otic capsule was thick, the cochlea had fewer turns and the semicircular ducts showed poor differentiation.

Abnormalities, Drug-Induced↗
PubMed1990

Experimental craniofacial malformations induced by retinoids and resembling branchial arch syndromes.

A syndrome which showed similarities to human branchial arch syndromes could be induced in Sprague-Dawley rat embryos by exposing them to retinoids prenatally. Treatment of pregnant rats with 40 mg/kg retinoic acid or 10 mg/kg etretinate on pregnancy day 8.5-9 resulted in craniofacial defects in 100% of the embryos. A scanning electron microscopic investigation of the early stages in the development of these malformations showed abnormal skull form, disorganised surface epithelium with "cell blebbing", lateral facial clefts, facial fistulas, narrowed skull-base and reduced size of the nasal and maxillary complexes. Histological examination confirmed these findings and supported the hypothesis that a main reason for this syndrome is hindrance of migration of the cranial neural crest cells to the facial processes during early craniofacial formation.

Abnormalities, Drug-Induced↗
PubMed1990

Prenatal diagnosis by isoenzymic differentiation of Treacher Collins' syndrome induced by retinoids in rats.

A series of branchial arch malformations was induced in 618 embryos from 72 pregnant rats by a single intraperitoneal injection of 10 mg/kg etretinate at 8.5 days of gestation. The litters developed several malformations, including microtia, low set and dorsally placed outer ears, defective middle ear ossicles, short cochleas, defectively differentiated Meckel's cartilages, micrognathia, rudimentary malar bones, lateral facial clefts, fistulas and skin tags, all of which were similar to Treacher Collins' syndrome in man. The defects were accompanied by a pathological differentiation pattern of various isoenzymes in maxillary and mandibular processes. These isoenzymes could be detected in amniotic fluid from the 9th to the 20th days of pregnancy and showed a pathological differentiation pattern here as well. We conclude that a teratogenically induced syndrome affecting the first and second branchial arches is accompanied by a pathological differentiation pattern that can be traced by determinations of isoenzymes in the branchial arches as well as in amniotic fluid.

4-Nitrophenylphosphatase↗
PubMed1989

The relationship between cervical cysts and tonsillar carcinoma in adults.

An investigation of the clinical results in 42 patients with lateral cervical cysts is presented. Fine needle aspiration biopsy suggested malignancy in three cases. After surgical removal, another six cases of malignancy were revealed by histologic examination. In six of the nine cases of malignancy, an ipsilateral tonsillar carcinoma was found on routinely performed tonsillectomy. However, the clinical appearance of the tonsils was normal in four of these patients. Analysis of all patients according to age revealed that the malignancy rate was 80% among those aged greater than 40 years. It is suggested that tonsillectomy for histologic examination should be performed routinely when lateral cervical cysts are removed in adults.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Immunoglobulin E response to pertussis toxin in whooping cough and after immunization with a whole-cell and an acellular pertussis vaccine.

Immunoglobulin E antibodies to pertussis toxin (PT-IgE) were demonstrated in 15 of 23 (65%) patients with culture-confirmed pertussis. In 6 individuals there was a low-grade PT-IgE response after 6-9 weeks of disease and in 9 a rapid PT-IgE response, appearing 1-3 weeks after onset of symptoms. The PT-IgE antibody levels in immunized individuals were higher than in the non immunized. Following primary immunization of 23 children with a monovalent whole-cell pertussis vaccine (Burroughs-Wellcome, UK) or with an acellular pertussis vaccine (JNIH-6, Biken, Japan) a late low-grade PT-IgE response was found in 8 (35%). In 7/10 children previously immunized with the JNIH-6, a booster injection 16 months later with the same vaccine resulted in a rapidly appearing PT-IgE antibody response. In contrast, none of 13 children initially immunized with the monovalent whole-cell vaccine and then boostered with either this vaccine or JNIH-6 had detectable PT-IgE antibodies after the booster injection. The study shows that IgE-antibodies to pertussis toxin commonly appear in patients with whooping cough and that the kinetics and the magnitude of the response is influenced by previous exposure to the antigen. A PT-IgE response may also follow pertussis immunization.

Antibodies, Bacterial↗
PubMed1988

Effect of orthodontic force on periodontal tissue metabolism. A histologic and biochemical study in normal and hypocalcemic young rats.

The relationship between force and degradation activity after application of orthodontic force is still obscure. Of particular clinical interest are the etiologic factors behind excessive root resorptions appearing in connection with orthodontic movement of teeth that has been proposed to be influenced by systemic factors regulating the tissue-degrading activity in periodontal tissues. Thus, the aim was, by histologic and new biochemical methods, to investigate the effect of orthodontic forces on the periodontal tissues in the normal and the hypocalcemic situation with secondary hyperparathyroidism. Root resorptions were induced in upper incisors of normal and hypocalcemic rats by subjecting the teeth to a moderate orthodontic force. In both groups the resorption of the roots occurred consistently in the vicinity of reorganizing areas of the periodontal ligament (PDL) with ongoing degradative activities and alveolar bone resorption. Furthermore, specific cell metabolic changes in alveolar bone and PDL in tension and pressure zones were detected and quantified by biochemical determination of alkaline phosphatase activity. This biochemical quantification of the metabolic changes together with the morphologic observations gave the clinically valuable information that the observed increase in occurrence and severity of root resorptions in moderate hypocalcemia was related to an increase in alveolar bone turnover. This study has shown that root resorptions were clearly related to the degradation process occurring in the vicinity of the hyaline zone and that in the hypocalcemic situation, the increase in root resorptions was related to an enhanced alveolar bone resorption. Thus, factors that minimize the time for resorptive/degradative activity should be discussed in this context rather than force per se.

Alkaline Phosphatase↗
PubMed1988

Specific immunoglobulin A to Bordetella pertussis antigens in mucosal secretion for rapid diagnosis of whooping cough.

Specific immunoglobulin A (IgA) to Bordetella pertussis filamentous hemagglutinin (FHA) and pertussis toxin (PT) was determined in mucosal secretions by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). It took 3 to 4 h to complete the ELISA. The upper limits of normal values for age were determined in nasopharyngeal (NPH) secretions from 23 patients with viral infections and in 10 healthy adults working with pertussis patients or cultures. A significant IgA response to FHA was found in 38 of 54 (70%) and to PT in 28 of 54 (52%) NPH secretions from patients with pertussis confirmed by culture, serology, or both. The rate of positive responses to either antigen (44 of 54 [81%]) was significantly higher than that by culture alone (29 of 54 [54%]; P less than 0.01). The rate of positive responses increased from 65% in patients with symptoms for 1 week or less to 87 to 92% in patients with symptoms for 2 or more weeks. The specific IgA response to PT was found in 100% of NPH samples from 17 unimmunized children less than 3 years of age and in only 30% of adults and immunized children greater than 3 years of age. A response to FHA was found in 65 to 73% of the NPH secretions in all age groups. Saliva samples were found to contain specific IgA to FHA and PT in all age groups, but these were of diagnostic value in 50% (11 of 22) of the adult patients. The specificity of the ELISA was 100% (10 of 10 negatives) in NPH secretions from patients with pertussis-like cough who had negative cultures and serology. The results indicate that determination of specific IgA to PT and FHA in NPH aspirates represents a sensitive and rapid diagnostic method for the detection of pertussis.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

Evaluation of serologic assays for diagnosis of whooping cough.

An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for the immunoglobulin G (IgG), IgM, and IgA response to Bordetella pertussis filamentous hemagglutinin (FHA) and pertussis toxin (PT) and a neutralization test (NT) in a microplate tissue culture assay for neutralizing antibodies to PT were evaluated in paired sera from 90 patients with culture-confirmed pertussis. Eighty patients were children (age, less than 15 years), and 6 of 80 children had been immunized with three doses of diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis vaccine as infants. A significant titer rise (greater than or equal to twofold), determined by ELISA, of IgG, IgM, and IgA to FHA was recorded in 75 (83%), 28 (31%), and 47 (52%) of the patients, respectively. A significant titer rise to PT in IgG was found in 83 (92%), IgM in 29 (32%), and IgA in 44 (49%) of the patients. A significant titer rise to FHA or PT in IgG was found in 88 (98%) of the patients, in combination with a significant rise in the titer of IgA to FHA. These data were obtained in a single serum dilution of 1:500. Titrations performed later showed that the titer rise to FHA in IgG was a mean of 6.5-fold, which was significantly lower than the mean 67.0-fold rise in IgG to PT (P less than 0.001). The mean titer of IgG to FHA in convalescent-phase serum was 270, which was also significantly lower than the mean PT titer of 2,943 (P less than 0.001). A significant rise (greater than or equal to fourfold) in PT titer by NT was found in 58 of 83 (70%) of the patients. The NT was significantly less sensitive than the ELISA for the determination of the IgG titer to PT ( P< 0.001). Results showed that a 100% (90 of 90) sensitivity in terms of titer rises was achieved in the serologic diagnosis of pertussis by ELISA in a single-point determination of the IgG and IgA responses to FHA and of the IgG response to PT.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

Characterization of phosphoglycerate mutase isoenzymes from free dissected facial processes.

To characterize the three phosphoglycerate mutase (PGM) isoenzymes present in rat facial processes (types MM, BB, and MB), their sensitivity to reagents of the sulfhydryl groups and to heat treatment has been studied. Type BB PGM was not affected by the -SH group reagents; type MB PGM was inhibited about 50%, and type MM PGM was fully inhibited. Type MB PGM showed a greater heat lability than type MM PGM. There was a developmental change from type BB PGM from the 9th embryonic day to isoenzymes MB and MM on the 15th embryonic day. Isoenzyme development was first seen in mandibular processes, followed by maxillary, lateral nasal, and medial nasal processes.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Inactivation of type MM phosphoglycerate mutase by sulfhydryl group reagents during facial embryogenesis.

Type MM phosphoglycerate mutase from free dissected mandibular processes from embryonic rats was reversibly inactivated by tetrathionate, p-chloromercuribenzoate, and Hg2+. Titration with p-chloromercuribenzoate showed the existence of two sulfhydryl groups per enzyme subunit, the modification of which produced a progressive decline in enzyme activity. The apparent Km values for substrate and cofactor were not affected by tetrathionate treatment. Phosphoglycerate mutase inactivated by tetrathionate and by p-chloromercuribenzoate was unable to form the functionally active phosphorylenzyme when mixed with glycerate-2,3-P2. Glycerate-2,3-P2 protected against tetrathionate but failed to protect against Hg2+ and p-chloromercuribenzoate.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Management of pregnant women with contagious infections at delivery.

Since 1970 pregnant women with contagious infections in the country of Stockholm have been delivered at the Danderyd Hospital, the only hospital in the area which has departments of obstetrics and pediatrics as well as infectious diseases. This paper presents data from a prospective study carried out during a period of 10 years (1975-1984). The study includes 303 women and their newborns who for various reasons were transferred to the Department of Infectious Diseases (DID) before or after delivery. A comprehensive microbiological investigation was made in order to establish an etiological diagnosis in all women included in the study. A possible transmission of the infection from the mother to her fetus/child before or after delivery was also investigated. Only 0.17% of the pregnant women in the area needed care at the DID at delivery or in the puerperal period. 9% of the deliveries occurred at another hospital, 32% at the DID and the remaining at the obstetrical department, Danderyd Hospital. The rate of complications, including cesarean sections, was 12%. Of the 165 women suffering from an infectious disease at the time of delivery, 40% had a verified viral disease--in most cases varicella or mumps, 28% had a bacterial infection and for 32% no etiology of the disease could be established. The study population also includes women suspected either to be incubated with a contagious disease or to be carriers of infectious agents, as well as healthy mothers whose newborns were expected to be carriers of infectious agents such as rubella and varicella. None of the women died during the study period but 5 were seriously ill and 3 needed intensive care. The rate of stillbirths was the same as reported among all births in the country of Stockholm but the perinatal mortality rate was significantly higher (see also a following article, ref. 27). Our routines prove the necessity to take special care of pregnant women carrying a contagious infectious agent at term.

Communicable Disease Control↗
PubMed1988

A longterm follow-up study of children born to women with contagious diseases at delivery.

Data are presented from a long-term follow-up study of 308 live born children to women admitted post partum to the Department of Infectious Diseases (DID), Danderyd Hospital, Sweden, during a 10-year period (1975-1984) for avoiding nosocomial transmission of infections in the obstetrical wards. The rate of stillbirths (1/309 deliveries) was not higher than reported for all births in Stockholm. 20% of the live born children were transferred within 24 h after birth to the pediatric department for observation, but half of them could return to their mothers at the DID within 6 days (generally 3 days). Four newborns were treated at an intensive care unit. Only 3 fatalities occurred, all of them among newborns to mothers with an overt infection at delivery. The fatality rate (1.8%) was significantly higher among the newborns of these mothers than normally (0.3%) noted among all children born in Stockholm county during the period studied. Two of the 3 newborns, who all died within 3 days of life, had a low birth weight (600 and 1,000 g). The total number of newborns with low birth weights (less than 2,500 g) was, however, not higher in the above-mentioned group of newborns than for all children born in Stockholm county 1980. None of the 3 fatalities was caused by infection transmitted from the mother. No further deaths occurred. Infections in pregnancy at term, at birth or post partum were transmitted from the women to 41 (13%) of their newborns.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Bacterial Infections↗
PubMed1988

Changes in mineral content, mineral deposition and vascular supply of the mandible after osteotomy.

Circulatory and skeletal damage in the form of a vertical osteotomy of the mandible, proximal to the entry of the inferior alveolar artery and mandibular perforantes, alone or in combination with unilateral or bilateral mucoperiosteal reflections were undertaken on young growing rats. Changes in mineral content and mineral deposition in the hard tissues of the mandibles were studied using microradiography and by labelling with tetracycline and lead acetate. Microangiography was performed to evaluate changes in the vascular supply. Resorption of the compact bone was seen in the central part of the compact bone, in the lower border of the mandible and in the incisal part of the alveolar bone. There was resorption of the cementum and dentin in the molar teeth. Remodelling processes were seen in the compact bone starting from vascular channels and on the surface of the bone trabeculae, ten days after osteotomy. Microangiography revealed that there is a collateral vascular system existing across the midline via the symphysis region, via submucosal tissue, via the mucoperiosteal pedicle to the inferior border of the mandible and via the network of small vessels in the periodontal membrane. It was concluded that the circulation to the peripheral parts of the mandible could in part be kept up by a retrograde flow in the collateral systems when the main circulation had ceased.

Angiography↗