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Biomedical subjects

G Granström

Publications and source records attributed to G Granström.

At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1988

Quantitation of blood flow in the rat mandible after vertical osteotomy.

Vertical osteotomies were performed in the mandibles of rats and combined with elevations of the buccal or bilateral mucoperiosteal pedicles. Isotope fractionation and particle distribution were used to measure blood flow in the distal and proximal segments of the mandible, the masseter muscle and the submandibular gland. Average decrease in blood flow ranged from 9-39% in the distal segment and from 8-24% in the proximal segment. Decrease in blood flow was most pronounced when bilateral mucoperiosteal pedicles were performed. Blood flow in the masseter muscle increased by 16-26% after osteotomy with mucoperiosteal elevations.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Enzyme histochemical analysis of Meckel's cartilage.

Osteogenesis of the body of the mandible in embryonic and neonatal rats was studied histologically and by histochemistry to determine the role of Meckel's cartilage in bone formation. Meckel's cartilage showed intense activity of lactate dehydrogenase and NADH2-diaphorase and weak activity of acid phosphatase, indicating a functioning citric acid cycle, pentose phosphate shunt and a capacity for anaerobic metabolism. The activity of these enzymes declined after hypertrophy of Meckel's cartilage. Alkaline phosphatase was the major enzyme of mineralising mandibular osteoid and was present in the osteoblasts and osteoprogenitor cells but not in Meckel's cartilage. After the differentiation of Meckel's cartilage and intramembranous bone, Meckel's cartilage supported mandibular bone formation by endochondral ossification in the anterior part of the mandible.

Alkaline Phosphatase↗
PubMed1987

Acute traumatic tympanic membrane perforations. Cover or observe?

The influence of a paper prosthesis on healing in acute traumatic tympanic membrane perforations was studied in 60 patients randomly selected for a treatment group or a control group. The majority (42 [70%] ) were seen within two days. All patients were treated with oral antibiotics for ten days. The overall healing rate two months after the trauma was 94% (37 of 39 patients). No significant difference between the study group and the control patients was observed. Intermittent secretion was seen in six patients but did not influence the outcome. The perforations occurred in patients with normally sized mastoid air cell systems as seen on roentgenograms. We conclude that acute traumatic tympanic membrane perforations do not need to be treated routinely with paper patching.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1987

Proteinase activity in effusions from children with otitis media with effusion.

Proteinase activity has been demonstrated in middle ear effusions from patients suffering from otitis media with effusion. Proteinase activity was characterized by various biochemical, chemical and physical parameters. Chelators and sulfhydryl group reacting substances reduced the enzyme activity. Enzyme activity was positively correlated to the number of granulocytes present in the effusion. No correlation to bacteriological findings or to tympanic membrane status was seen and the proteinase activity showed wide ranges within different categories of middle ear effusions.

Child↗
PubMed1987

Effects of dextrans, heparin and hyperbaric oxygen on mandibular tissue damage after osteotomy in an experimental system.

The effect of heparin, dextran 40, dextran 70 and hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) therapy to reduce tissue damage after mandibular osteotomy was tested in an experimental system. Tissue damage was recorded morphologically and blood flow and vascular bed was determined by isotope techniques. Subcutaneously administered heparin reduced morphologically determined tissue damage in the incisor odontoblastoma, pulp and ameloblastoma. Furthermore, central and peripheral bone damage was prevented by heparin. Dextrans had no preventive effect on tissue damage. HBO treatment reduced tissue damage in a similar manner to heparin but also induced reparative events as osteodentin formation in pulps and chondroid reactions in bone. Effects on blood flow and vascular bed provided a basis for a possible role for HBO and heparin treatment in tissue damage after osteotomy.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Use of erythromycin to prevent pertussis in newborns of mothers with pertussis.

During the period 1975-1985, 35 women with serology- or culture-confirmed pertussis at the time of labor were admitted to the Danderyd Hospital (Danderyd, Sweden). In 32 cases, the mothers were allowed to nurse their newborns while receiving erythromycin therapy. Erythromycin prophylaxis was given to 28 newborns. None of the newborns developed clinical or laboratory signs of whooping cough. The therapy was well tolerated by the newborns and did not affect the microflora in the gut. Maternal antibodies to pertussis toxin and to the filamentous hemagglutinin were found in cord blood, and levels decreased during the follow-up period. The study demonstrated that mothers with pertussis can safely be allowed to nurse their infants if both receive erythromycin.

Antibodies, Bacterial↗
PubMed1987

Changes of serum alkaline phosphatase following mandibular osteotomy in the rat.

Activity of alkaline phosphatase in serum (S-ALP) was characterized and compared with that of non-specific alkaline phosphatase (APase) of hard-tissue origin in the rat. The enzyme was characterized biochemically, and optimal incubation procedures were determined. S-ALP levels were determined before and after mandibular osteotomy combined with different degrees of periosteal reflections. Separation of S-ALP isoenzymes by isoelectric focusing revealed four major bands. A marked decrease of S-ALP activity was seen after osteotomy, and all isoenzymes were affected similarly. After treatment with hyperbaric oxygen, a smaller decrease in S-ALP was seen. S-ALP could be used as a marker for hard-tissue turn-over after surgical procedures.

Alkaline Phosphatase↗
PubMed1987

Experimental mandibular fracture: studies on bone repair and remodellation.

An experimental mandibular fracture model was developed in Sprague-Dawley rats. Healing and remodellation were studied using routine histology, microradiography and incorporation of tetracycline and lead acetate. Bone healing after fracture started by outgrowth of bone trabeculae from the periosteum and from marrow spaces in the mandibular corpus and coronoid process. Stabile fracture healing was seen after 14-16 days, which correlated to the time when bone trabeculae were seen to cross the fracture diastasis morphologically. Formation of reparative bone was produced by direct formation of bone trabeculae but also via formation of a chondroid tissue which was later resorbed and replaced by bone.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Experimental mandibular fracture: effect on bone circulation and metabolism after treatment with anticoagulants.

An experimental model was designed for the study of mandibular fracture healing in Sprague-Dawley rats. Healing and remodellation were studied by routine histology and the vascular supply of the mandible by micro-angiography. The blood supply to the body of the mandible was similar to that seen in long bones. The arterial vascular system appeared to be intimately involved with the formation of bone. The vessel configuration varied in relation to the progress of healing. The effect of heparin, dextran 40 and dextran 70 therapy to increase blood flow in the fracture region was tested. Dextrans had no effect on fracture healing whereas heparin induced an increased chondroid reaction in the callus. Serum alkaline phosphatase was measured as a marker for hard-tissue formation. The enzyme activity was reduced after fracture with a minimum activity three days after fracture.

Alkaline Phosphatase↗
PubMed1986

Changes in alkaline-phosphatase isoenzymes of hard tissue origin during facial development in the rat.

Non-specific alkaline phosphatase (APase) activity was demonstrated histochemically in the hard-tissue-forming areas of the developing rat face from the 14th embryonic day. Isoenzyme distribution of APase was recorded by isoelectric focusing. Three APase isoenzyme bands with lower isoelectric points than adult forms were recorded. Inhibition studies with levamisole dexamisole, L-p-bromotetramisole, D-p-bromotetramisole, diphosphonates and urea showed the embryonic isoenzymes to have the same sensitivity as the adult forms except to urea. Heated to 56 degrees C, both embryonic and adult APase were rapidly inactivated. The differences between the embryonic and adult forms of APase may represent the expression of different gene loci or a difference in post-translational modification.

Alkaline Phosphatase↗
PubMed1986

Isoenzyme changes during rat facial development.

A method is presented by which rat facial processes from different stages were obtained in pure fraction. The morphology, and protein and DNA contents in free dissected facial processes were determined. Facial processes of embryonic rats aged 9-15 days were analyzed by isoelectric focusing for their isoenzymic distribution of four enzymes: lactate dehydrogenase, creatine phosphokinase, fructose diphosphate aldolase and phosphoglycerate mutase. A dominance of LDH-5, LDH-4 and LDH-3 isoenzymes was observed. As a comparison, LDH isoenzymes from mandibular and maxillary processes of rat embryos aged 9-11 days only revealed LDH-5 and to a smaller extent LDH-4. The results support the presence of a prominent anaerobic metabolism in these tissues during early facial development. The change to LDH-3 development correlates well with the formation of new blood vessels. From the ninth embryonic day, isoenzyme BB of creatine phosphokinase was present and during days 10-15 MB and MM developed. Isoenzyme A4 of fructose diphosphate aldolase was present from the ninth embryonic day and isoenzymes A3C and A2C2 developed during days 10-15. From the tenth embryonic day, isoenzyme BB of phosphoglycerate mutase was present and during days 10-15 isoenzyme MB and MM developed. Isoenzyme development was first seen in mandibular processes, followed by maxillary, lateral nasal and medial nasal processes, and it preceded morphologic evidence of skeletal muscle formation.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Influence of embryonal fusion lines for recurrence of basal cell carcinomas in the head and neck.

A reinvestigation of 171 basal cell carcinomas of the head and neck treated by surgical excision revealed 23 recurrences. Recurrence rate in one group of basal cell carcinomas, situated on embryologic fusion lines, was statistically higher than in other groups of basal cell carcinomas situated on other parts of the face and on the capillitium which served as control. Histopathologic subclassification of the recurrent basal cell carcinomas revealed a higher incidence of nodular type with infiltrative margin and of the infiltrative type. Basal cell carcinomas situated in fusion lines tended to grow deeper than in other sites. It was concluded that embryologic fusion lines in the face provide risk zones for spread and recurrence of basal cell carcinomas. Subclassification of basal cell carcinomas should be performed in the routine histopathologic reporting of these neoplasms as a means of predicting recurrence.

Aged↗
PubMed1986

Lactate dehydrogenase isoenzyme changes during facial development.

Lactate dehydrogenase activity (LDH) was demonstrated by a histochemical technique in free, dissected, facial processes of rats from the ninth embryonic day. Facial processes of embryonic rats aged 9-15 days were analysed by isoelectric focusing for their isoenzymic distribution of LDH. A dominance of LDH-5, LDH-4 and LDH-3 isoenzymes was observed. As a comparison, LDH isoenzymes from mandibular and maxillary processes of rat embryos aged 9-11 days revealed only LDH-5 and, to a smaller extent, LDH-4. These results constitute evidence for prominent anaerobic metabolism in these tissues during early facial development. Intense staining for LDH was seen in surface epithelium, respiratory epithelium and in myogenic and osteogenic areas.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Biochemical characterization of collagenase activity from middle ear effusions.

Collagenolytic enzyme activity has been demonstrated in middle ear effusions from patients suffering from otitis media with effusion. Collagenase activity was characterized using different biochemical techniques. The enzyme was found to have a higher specific activity in mucoid effusions and had characteristics similar to granulocyte derived collagenase from human leucocytes.

Chronic Disease↗
PubMed1985

Neutralizing antibodies to pertussis toxin in whooping cough.

The development and duration of neutralizing antibodies (antitoxin) to pertussis toxin were studied in 38 patients with culture-verified infections due to Bordetella pertussis and one patient with infection due to Bordetella parapertussis. An in vitro neutralization test in microplate culture of Chinese hamster ovary cells was used. An antitoxin response was recorded in 36 patients, the exceptions being two patients treated early with erythromycin (one of whom developed clinical pertussis two years later) and the patient with infection due to B. parapertussis. A long-term follow-up for several months to several years after disease showed maintenance of high antitoxin levels. These results are in accordance with the hypothesis that antibodies to pertussis toxin mediate long-term immunity to whooping cough.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Effect of zoster immunoglobulin for varicella prophylaxis in the newborn.

Zoster immunoglobulin (ZIG) was given for prophylaxis to 95 neonates born to mothers with perinatal varicella. The treatment had no influence on the clinical attack rate; 48 (50%) of the children developed varicella. However, the ZIG treatment clearly influenced the course of the disease for newborns at particular risk, i.e. when maternal varicella developed within 4 days before and 2 days after delivery. Of 41 such neonates, 21 (51%) contracted varicella with an incubation mean time of 11 days. 13 of the 21 developed a very mild chickenpox (no fever, less than or equal to 20 pocks), 6 had a mild to normal disease, and 2 (10%) had more severe infections; none died or got sequelae after the disease. These results should be compared with the expected rate of complications in non-treated neonates in the defined risk group, where the mortality among those contracting varicella has been reported to be as high as about 30%.

Antibodies, Viral↗