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Biomedical subjects

G Grosse

Publications and source records attributed to G Grosse.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1989

[Lysozyme and lactoferrin in normal and inflammatory changes of the gastric mucosa].

A total of 238 randomly selected gastric biopsies were examined with polyclonal antibodies from rabbits (antihuman-lysozyme and antihuman-lactoferrin) using the Peroxidase-Antiperoxidase-method according to Sternberger. The preparations were evaluated by comparing the intensity of the staining as well as the quantity and distribution of positive cells within the mucosa. The results show that lysozyme can be demonstrated constantly in the glandular neck zone and in the mucoid glandular body within the normal non-inflamed mucosa of the antrum, whereas in the normal corpus mucosa only a small amount of lysozyme appears focally and inconsistently in the neck area of the glands. A substantial increase in the intensity of lysozyme presentation due to inflammatory changes as related to the chronic superficial gastritis of the antrum cannot be discovered. On the contrary, the presentable amount of lysozyme decreases in line with the progressing inflammation and, in case of chronic-atrophic gastritis with intestinal metaplasia is restricted to the Paneth cells. A distinct and constant presentation of lysozyme can be achieved in the glandular neck zone, in the lower gastric pits and partially in the upper glandular body of the corpus mucosa in cases of chronic inflammatory processes. Obviously lysozyme is formed in the epithelial cells and not taken up from other cells. Furthermore it can be concluded from the findings that to a large extent lysozyme formation is linked to the proliferation activity of the epithelial cells. Lactoferrin cannot be found in normal non-inflammatory mucosa neither of the antrum nor of the corpus. But it can be found among most of the biopsy specimens with inflammatory changes.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

Spongiform encephalopathy in AIDS dementia complex: report of five cases.

We describe the morphological findings in the brain of five AIDS patients who died with a clinical diagnosis of dementia. We have found a spongiform change (small rounded vacuoles) in different parts of the brain and a similar but morphologically different sponginess, the status spongiosus, characterized by looser and coarser microcystic cavitations of the grey matter in which the tiny cysts and vacuoles are enmeshed by glial fibrils. At the ultrastructural level, round and oval clear spaces, divided by septae into several smaller ones, appeared in the neuropil. The pathogenesis of the majority of the vacuoles and cavitations is not clear yet but a focal loss of cortical neurons was evident and furthermore some of the vacuoles were identified as remnants of dendrites. The light and electron microscopic findings can not be interpreted as artefacts or as a simple edema of the brain and also can not be explained by the different infective complications. We have found spongiform alterations in all cases of clinically diagnosed dementia and therefore it seems obvious that these findings are quite frequent in AIDS dementia.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1988

[Caudal anesthesia combined with general anesthesia in comparison with general anesthesia in ambulatory circumcision].

In 100 boys (5.9 +/- 3.2 years old) undergoing outpatient circumcision, analgesia was provided with 0.375% bupivacaine 1 ml/year of age by caudal injection (group I), administered after induction of general anesthesia. This group was compared with 100 boys (6.3 +/- 3.4 years old), who received only general anesthesia (group II). The puncture technique described was free of complications and the caudal blocks were 98% successful. There was a great difference with regard to the levels of general anesthesia: the average enflurane concentrations required to block autonomic reactions during surgical intervention was 1.3 vol% in group I and 2.7 vol% in group II. The amount of pethidine needed for perioperative pain relief was 8 mg (+/- 5.7) in 17/100 of group I and 17.3 mg (+/- 6.8) in 91/100 of group II. In addition, paracetamol was given in 10/100 of group I and 30/100 of group II. The boys in group I showed calm postoperative behavior. In both groups there were only slight differences in hemodynamic parameters. Of the parents who answered our questionnaire (50 answers to 60 questionnaires), 68% were amazed at the duration of analgesia. During the late postoperative period, in group I there was an almost total absence of vomiting (4%), with an associated rapid return to normal feeding. In 83% the effect of late postoperative analgesia worked so well that no subsequent analgesic was given. In 15% the pain relief lasted 6.3 +/- 2.5 h. The excellent postoperative pain relief produced by caudal anesthesia justifies its frequent use for children subjected to genital surgery.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Acetaminophen↗
PubMed1988

[The effect of methionine enkephalin, leucine enkephalin and the hexapeptide, dalargin on the morphology of cultured neurons].

Cell cultures derived from brain, ganglion trigeminale or retina of 5- and 9-day-old chick embryos and from brain stem or hippocampus of 16-18 day-old fetal rats were treated with Met5-, Leu5-enkephalin, or Dalargin--a synthetic hexapeptide structurally related to Leu5-enkephalin--and evaluated morphologically. The treatment of the nervous tissue cultures with the peptides markedly affected their growth pattern. Aggregates of glial and neuronal cells were surrounded by flat cells forming monolayer network structures. In cultures of brain from 5 day-old chick embryos the proliferation of the cells was significantly stimulated. No growth of neurites was observed. It is discussed that the tested Enkephalins and in the same way the Dalargin may play an important role in the early neuronal development. Their activity in phase 0 and phase 1 of the life history of nerve cells indicates aspects of temporary peptide influences. Excess of glial cells caused by the tested peptides did not enhance neuronal differentiation. The transdifferentiation of developing receptor cells into ependymal cells during the adaptation process in retina cultures as a special effect of Dalargin is discussed. The present findings suggest that the influence of (opioid) peptides in vitro may be detected morphologically and that nervous tissue culture is a valuable tool for differentiating neuronotrophic neurite-promoting and neurotoxic drug effects.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Scanning electron microscopical observations on telencephalon explants cultivated in vitro.

Telencephalon explants from 10 or 12 days old chicken embryos were cultivated 2 days in vitro and investigated by SEM. Already at that day, nerve fibres forming thick fasciculi were observed in the outgrowth region of the explant. Neuritic growth cones of the filiforme, or lamellipodiale type were demonstrated as well as button-like dendritic growth cones. The cell somata of bipolar or multipolar neuroblasts and pyramidal neurons could be distinguished from those of astrocytes. Some nerve fibres establish axosomatic or axodendritic contacts, basket-like arrangements of axon terminals around small neuroblasts were found.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

[Effects of cyclic adenosine-3',5'-monophosphate and cyclo(Lys-Pro).HCl neuronotrophic factors in tissue culture].

Explants and cell cultures of embryonic chick ganglia trigeminalia, telencephalon and retina or hippocampus from fetal rats were incubated in maximow chambers in the presence of cyclic AMP and the dipeptide cyclo(Lys-Pro).HCL under various conditions. Maintenance of nerve cells and growth of nerve fibers were observed by morphometrical methods. 1. Cyclo(Lys-Pro).HCL promoted the maintenance of neuroblasts and the growth of nerve fibres in explants of the ganglion trigeminal and retinal cell cultures. The effect depended on the presence of serum in the medium by use of poly-I-lysine substrate. 2. Extern applicated cyclic AMP and the dipeptide SP3-4 = cyclo(Lys-Pro).HCL facilitated neurite growth in PNS cultures. In the presence of the drugs the length of nerve fibers increased for a short term. On CNS explants substance P (SP1-11) and SP3-4 were without effect. Cyclic AMP stimulated the growth of nerve fibers in CNS explants and cell cultures in number and length. 3. Discussed is the effect of SP1-11 and cyclo(Lys-Pro).HCL for competence of nerve fibre regeneration in vitro in relation to increasing cAMP levels, which may then act as an initial second messenger. It is suggested that explants and cell cultures of nervous tissues will be useful as a tool for the further characterisation of factors with neuronotrophic activities.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

[Bacterial colonization of the gastric mucosa].

In 380 histologically prepared biopsy specimens taken from the mucous membrane of the stomach, the employment of Giemsa staining and Warthin-Starry silver staining has revealed an often surprisingly abundant (i. e., to the extent of 66.1%) bacterial colonization of the surface of the gastric mucous membrane and of the gastric foveolae. The bacteria encountered here involve gram-negative and morphologically uniform flora of thin, S-shaped or slightly curved bacteria designated as campylobacter-like organisms (CLO). Evidence for Campylobacter pyloridis was also obtained in 55.1% of cultures from 49 native, microbiologically prepared gastric biopsy specimens. Bacterial colonization of the gastric mucous membrane by CLO is definitely correlated with inflammatory alterations in gastric membranes. Active forms of gastritis, however, are not more abundantly colonized by bacteria than are dormant forms. The positive correlation between inflammatory gastric alterations of various degrees and bacterial colonization of the gastric mucous membrane, furthermore, is not proof of an etiological relationship. These bacteria, obviously adapted to the mucus in the gastric foveolae and on the surface of stomach lining, are not evidence of an aggressive behavior or of penetration tendencies. Facultatively pathogenetic significance cannot, however, be excluded for bacteria occurring in such abundance in intimate epithelial contact. Pathogenetic influence of abundant colonization by CLO could well develop if additional noxae become effective.

Bacterial Infections↗
PubMed1987

[Long-term studies of colonization of the gastric mucosa by Campylobacter pyloridis].

Multiple biopsy specimens of gastric mucosa of 15 patients taken at different intervals with an observation period of 4 to 20 years were evaluated. Histological examination revealed superficial gastritis in most cases without radical and progressive destruction of the mucosa and in all but one case the presence of CLO was demonstrated with varying degree of intensity. No evidence was found for causal relationship between bacterial colonization and inflammation.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Scanning electron microscopical observations on retina cells in culture.

In cell cultures of the retina from 10 days old chicken embryo photoreceptors, bipolar neurons, synaptic contacts, and supporting cells of Müller were demonstrated by scanning electron microscopy. It was found that the longer the cells survive in culture media they form constantly growing cell aggregates. After 12 days in vitro large multilayered cell complexes covered by an epithelioid cell layer had developed. Merely at the border of such aggregates typical retinal cells could be observed. The occurrence of a dense epithelioid cell layer covering the aggregate of neuronal cells is interpreted as a general adaptational reaction of the cells to the long lasting survival under in vitro conditions.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

[Effect of derivatives of substance P dipeptide on nerve fiber growth in tissue culture].

Explants and cells from the peripheral (PNS) and central nervous system (CNS) were cultivated in MAXIMOW chambers. The following four derivatives of Substances P (SP) dipeptide were tested for their effects in concentrations between 10(-4) and 10(-8) mol/l: Lys-Pro X 2HBr, Lys(Z)-Pro X HCl, Lys[Z(NO2)]-Pro X HCl and cyclo(Lys-Pro) X HCl. The results suggest that SP and SP derivatives may modulate nerve fibre outgrowth in vitro. In ganglion trigeminale explants Lys(Z)-Pro X HCl stimulated the growth of nerve fibres. The explant covered areas increased significantly. In telencephalon explants and cell cultures the tested derivatives did not essentially promote neurite outgrowth. In retinal cell cultures incubated with cyclo(Lys-Pro) X HCl and Lys[Z(NO2)]-Pro X HCl the neurite outgrowth index was stimulated in a different way. The neurite length was affected and stimulated in the presence of Lys(Z)-Pro X HCl and cyclo(Lys-Pro) X HCl. Both for survival and differentiation PNS neurons depend on specific biofactors. In sensory ganglia explants SP and especially SP derivatives were shown to improve neuronal survival provided that serum or embryonic extract was simultaneously present in the medium. Even if the dipeptides need other biofactors for their full function the may be discussed as neuronotrophic factors because they ensure survival and general growth capability of the responsive neuroblasts.

Animals↗