Healing of palatal defects with and without skin grafts. An intraindividual experimental study on dogs.
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Animals↗
Biomedical subjects
G Hallmans
Publications and source records attributed to G Hallmans.
Zinc and immune function in Down's syndrome.
Low levels of zinc in serum and high in blood clots were found in 12 patients with Down's syndrome (DS). They also had an immune deficiency characterized by depressed neutrophil chemotaxis, skin hypersensitivity and lymphocyte responsiveness to PHA in vitro. The patients received zinc sulphate, corresponding to 135 mg Zn++ daily. After treatment for 2 months' serum zinc levels had increased, neutrophil chemotactic responsiveness was normal in 11 of the 12 patients and there were improved lymphocyte responses to high doses of PHA in vitro. Delayed skin reactivity to DNCB was also improved in 10 of 11 patients after zinc therapy. Zinc deficiency may in part explain the increased susceptibility to infection in DS.
Adolescent↗
Zinc tape treatment of burns infected by Pseudomonas aeruginosa: an experimental study on guinea pigs.
Third-degree burns on guinea pigs were infected with Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The wounds were treated with a zinc tape, a gauze sponge, or a plastic foil. In tissue specimens from the wounds, less growth of Pseudomonas was found in zinc tape treated wounds than in gauze- or plastic foil treated wounds. In vitro it was found that zinc oxide possesses an antibacterial effect on Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pyogenes.
Animals↗
Early changes in zinc and copper metabolism in rats with alloxan diabetes of short duration after local traumatization with heat.
Local heat trauma was induced in rats with alloxan diabetes of 3 days duration. Zinc and copper concentrations in serum, liver, heart and pancreas were estimated. After traumatization there was a decrease of the serum zinc concentration in all animals. The lowest concentration was found in the diabetic animals. Serum copper concentrations were lower both in traumatized and nontraumatized diabetic animals compared with controls. The serum copper concentration was slightly lower in traumatized compared with nontraumatized animals in both diabetic animals and controls. In the liver there was an increase of zinc and copper concentration in both groups of traumatized animals, but especially in the diabetic animals. In pancreas there was a decrease in the zinc concentration in traumatized and nontraumatized diabetic animals compared with controls.
Animals↗
The effect of zinc tape upon wound healing. A biochemical, histochemical and histological study in rats.
The healing of excisional wounds in rats, which were treated with zinc tape, gauze sponge or porcine skin, was studied. Wound closure was completed earlier in zinc-tape-treated wounds than in wounds treated with a gauze sponge or porcine skin. Wound contraction was more pronounced in gauze- and porcine skin-treated wounds than in zinc-tape-treated wounds. More foreign body giant cells were seen 14 days after operation in gauze-treated contra zinc tape-treated wounds, whereas hydroxyproline concentration was higher in tape-treated wounds. Histochemically the acid phosphatase activity was pronounced in macrophages, foreign body giant cells and fibroblasts. The alkaline phosphatase activity was pronounced in granulocytes and fibroblasts. Quantitatively a reduction in alkaline phosphatase activity was seen in gauze-treated wounds from 7 to 14 days. A decrease was seen in albumin concentration in gauze- as well as zinc-tape-treated animals which was most pronounced after 7 days in the gauze-treated animals.
Acid Phosphatase↗
Local traumatization with heat--cutaneous reactions and early effects on serum zinc concentration in rats with alloxan diabetes of very short duration.
Local heat trauma was induced in rats with alloxan diabetes of 3 days' duration. The cutaneous reaction, water content of the skin and serum zinc concentration were estimated. Petechiae within the area of traumatization were observed more often and were more abundant in the controls than in the diabetic animals. There was no difference between diabetic animals and controls with regard to the increase of water content of traumatized skin or to the water content of non-traumatized skin. There was no difference in serum zinc levels between non-traumatized diabetic animals and controls. After traumatization there was a decrease of serum zinc levels in both animal groups, but to a significantly lower level in the diabetic animals compared to the controls.
Animals↗
Penetration of 65Zn through the skin of rats.
A study has been made of the penetration of 65Zn from various zinc chloride solutions, from a zinc oxide suspension and from a zinc tape containing zinc oxide through the intact skin of rats. 65Zn rapidly appeared in the blood and other tissues. The maximum 65Zn activity in serum occurred within or around the first hour after the application of both zinc chloride and zinc oxide almost completely independent of the zinc concentration applied and the pH. A greater total penetration of 65Zn was found from a carrier-free 65Zn-zinc chloride solution at pH 1 than from the same solution made less acidic (pH 4) and from a zinc oxide suspension at pH 8 (125 microgram Zn/ml). The 65 Zn penetration from the carrier-free solution was slightly (though not significantly) higher than that from the same solution with zinc chloride added to bring the total zinc concentration to 125 microgram/ml. Autoradiographically, 65Zn activity was seen in both dermis and panniculus carnosus. The activity was most concentrated on and near the epidermis and around hair follicles in dermis. No differences were observed between animals treated with zinc chloride (pH 1 and pH 4) and animals treated with a zinc oxide suspension.
Administration, Topical↗
Healing of experimentally induced burn wounds. A comparative study of the healing of exposed burn wounds and burn wounds covered with adhesive zinc-tape and a scanning electron microscopic study of the microvasculature of wound healing in the rabbit ear.
A comparative study of the healing of experimentally induced burn wounds on the inner side of the rabbit ear treated with either adhesive zinc-tape or exposure to the air is presented. During tape treatment, tissue necroses were dissolved, thus exposing the granulation tissue surface. In wounds treated with zinc-tape, fewer and smaller perforations to the opposite side of the ear were found, compared with those in exposed wounds. It is suggested that the frequency of perforations can be used as a simple measure of extension of tissue necroses after burning in relation to different methods of wound treatment. A microangiographic method is also presented for three-dimensional visualization of vascular events during healing using scanning electron microscopy on vascular casts.
Animals↗
Absorption, retention and excretion of 65Zn in rats with wounds treated with 65Zn-labelled zinc tape.
Absorption, retention and excretion of 65Zn in rats from excisional wounds treated with 65Zn-labelled zinc tape were studied. The absorption of 65Zn was marked and indicates that the absorption of zinc from the tape is more than sufficient to account for the increases in zinc concentrations seen in several tissues. The distribution, retention and excretion of 65Zn from the zinc tape followed a pattern similar to that of 65Zn injected into non-operated and operated rats. This indicates that the zinc from the tape is present in the body not as zinc oxide, as it is in the adhesive substance of the tape, but as zinc in those forms which are originally found in the body and that zinc oxide is ionized before absorption. In tissues with a rapid uptake of zinc more than 50% of the total concentration of zinc derived from the zinc tape after eight days of treatment. In operated animals which were not treated with zinc tape a decline was seen in the serum zinc concentration and excretion of zinc with a concomitant increase in the liver concentration of zinc.
Absorption↗
Early cutaneous reactions to local traumatization with heat in alloxan diabetic rats.
The effect of cutaneous traumatization with heat in connection with intravenous injection of Evans blue was studied in short-term alloxan diabetic rats. The effect of traumatization was dependent on the degree of traumatization. There was no difference between diabetic animals and controls. The water content of traumatized and non-traumatized skin was determined. There was no difference between diabetic animals and controls with regard to the increase in water content of traumatized skin. Histological and histochemical studies on the effect of surgical cutaneous traumatization did not reveal any differences between diabetic and non-diabetic animals. The results are compared with earlier observations in alloxan diabetic animals with and without ketosis and in long-term diabetes.
Alkaline Phosphatase↗
Cutaneous reactions to local traumatization with heat in alloxan diabetic rabbits with and without ketosis.
Short-term alloxan diabetic rabbits with and without ketosis were traumatized with local cutaneous application of heat. The degree of traumatization varied with regard to the temperature and duration used. The lowest degree of traumatization which caused intravenously injected Evans blue to be observed within the area of traumatization was determined. There was no difference between diabetic animals without ketosis and controls. A more pronounced traumatization of animals with ketosis was necessary if Evans blue was to be observed, but there was then a significant difference between these and controls. The traumatized skin areas were also studied histologically. The inflammatory reaction induced was judged as being weaker in animals with ketosis.
Animals↗
Cutaneous hemorrhages and gangrenes localized to the lower limbs in patients with collagen diseases and in diabetics.
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Aged↗
Absorption of topically applied zinc and changes in zinc metabolism during wound healing. An experimental and clinical investigation.
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Administration, Topical↗
Effects of early wound healing and wound treatment with zinc tape on intestinal absorption and distribution of zinc in rats.
In rats operated with large excisional skin wounds which were not treated with zinc tape, the serum zinc concentration was decreased at every observation time during the first post-operative day and the absorption of zinc from the intestine was increased. Slight decreases in the zinc concentration were seen in some tissues while liver zinc was very high. In rats with wounds treated with zinc tape, serum zinc was markedly increased at 6 hours, lower but above control levels at 7 and 12 hours and markedly increased again at 24 hours. The absorption of zinc from the intestine was low. Zinc concentration were elevated in most tissues sampled; they were high in testis and kidney and very high in liver. The results strongly indicate that the operative trauma and/or acute inflammatory conditions in the wounds in animals not treated with zinc tape initiate a movement of zinc from serum, some tissues and the content of the intestine to the liver. In the zinc tape treated group the increase in liver zinc was supplied mostly by the zinc tape. It is assumed that these large increases in zinc concentration in the liver are the result of the incorporation of zinc into certain zinc containing proteins which are produced in response to the inflammatory process in the wound. An increase was also found in the copper concentration in the liver of zinc tape treated animals and a decrease in the iron concentration in the liver of both groups of operated animals compared to controls.
Absorption↗
Local absorption of zinc from wounds treated with various zinc-compounds.
It is shown that in the rat, zinc is absorbed from excisional wounds into serum, from various locally applied zinc oxide preparations as well as from zinc peroxide and zinc sulphate. The most pronounced absorption of zinc to serum was recorded from wounds treated with zinc peroxide. Microscopically the cellular inflammatory response observed in wounds treated with a gauze sponge impregnated with a zinc sulphate solution was weaker than that found with the other treatment methods used.
Absorption↗
Local absorption of zinc from wounds treated with different concentrations of zinc sulphate.
In the present study it was shown in rats that zinc is absorbed from excisional wounds treated with zinc sulphate. Systemic toxic effects were observed in the group treated with 20% zinc sulphate. Local toxic effects were seen in wounds treated with 0.2%, 2% and 20% zinc sulphate. An inhibitory effect of zinc on the migration of granulocytes was suggested on the basis of microscopic observation. In the operated groups which were not treated with zinc and the group treated with 0.02% zinc sulphate a decline was observed in the concentration of zinc in serum. The zinc concentration in serum increased in proportion to the zinc sulphate concentration (0.2%, 2% and 20%) applied to the wounds, while the copper concentration decreased in the groups treated with 2% and 20% zinc sulphate. In all operated groups an increase in zinc and copper concentrations was observed in liver. This was most pronounced in groups treated with higher concentrations of zinc sulphate (0.2%, 2% and 20%). The groups treated with higher concentrations of zinc sulphate also had higher pancreas zinc concentrations than the remaining groups.
Absorption↗
Scanning electron microscopy of palatal mucosa maintained in organ culture: a method for three-dimensional visualization of cell morphology.
A scanning electron microscopic (SEM) study of palatal mucosa maintained in organ culture (50% O2-Eagle's MEM w/o serum) from 12 to 360 hours is presented. The morphological changes occurring in the explants during culture are illustrated and the findings are compared with those observed using transmission electron microscopy and light microscopy. The results confirm that cellular fine structure in epithelium and connective tissue is more easily visualized when SEM is employed following in vitro maintenance of explants as opposed to examination of fresh uncultured biopsies. The in vitro system used would appear to be applicable to studies designed to investigate the effect of various substances on cell proliferation and cell interactions.
Animals↗
Zinc resorption from zinc-tape during wound healing. An experimental study in rats.
In the rat zinc is resorbed from excisional wounds treated with adhesive zinc-tape. High levels of zinc compared to those in gauze-treated controls were found in serum, granulation tissue and pancreas. An increase of serum copper was also found during the process of wound healing, but increase in serum copper was probably due to an elevation of ceruloplasmin in serum.
Adhesives↗