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Biomedical subjects

G Hallmans

Publications and source records attributed to G Hallmans.

At least 163 records · Page 9Linked to original sources
PubMed1984

Is hemoglobin concentration a predictor for the outcome of distal gangrenous lesions in diabetics?

The predictive value of some routine laboratory tests given on admission was evaluated in a retrospective study to determine whether any given value could predict the outcome of distal gangrenous lesions and amputations in diabetic and nondiabetic patients. There was no difference in preoperative hemoglobin concentration between successful and unsuccessful amputations in 45 diabetic and 59 nondiabetic patients. In another group of 191 diabetic patients with distal gangrenous lesions, the lesions healed after nonsurgical treatment in 112 patients, 54 patients were submitted to amputation and 25 patients died before the lesions healed. Patients submitted to amputation had lower hemoglobin levels and higher erythrocyte sedimentation rates and white blood counts than patients in whom the lesions healed, whilst there were no differences between these two groups concerning blood glucose concentration or body temperature.

Aged↗
PubMed1984

Zinc metabolism in long term alloxan diabetic rats after thermal trauma.

Alloxan treated rats with diabetes of 6 weeks' and 15 months' duration respectively were submitted to local cutaneous traumatization with heat and the changes in zinc and copper metabolism were studied. All diabetic animals were hyperzincemic before the traumatization. Previous experiments have demonstrated a fall in serum zinc concentration after traumatization, and this reaction was more pronounced in short term diabetic rats than in controls. In the present study this reaction was less pronounced in the diabetic rats than in the non diabetic controls 15 months after alloxan injection. A time-dependent factor in the development of granulocytic dysfunction is suggested as a cause for the differences in zinc metabolism found between rats with short term and long term alloxan diabetes respectively. The only change in copper metabolism found in this study was a slight increase in copper concentration in the liver after traumatization of rats with alloxan diabetes of 15 months' duration.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

65Zn turnover in short-term alloxan diabetic rats.

65Zn was injected subcutaneously in eleven rats with alloxan diabetes of five days duration and in nine control rats. Fifty hours after the injection of 65Zn the animals were killed with an overdose of ether. In the alloxan diabetic rats signs of an altered zinc metabolism were found with an increased excretion of zinc in urine and possibly also faeces and an elevated zinc concentration in the liver compared to controls. The results also indicate an altered distribution of serum zinc in alloxan treated rats. Future studies will be necessary to demonstrate whether changes in zinc metabolism are secondary to the onset of diabetes or a primary effect of alloxan treatment.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Effects of high-bran bread on blood glucose control in insulin-dependent diabetic patients.

The purpose of these studies was to determine whether rye bran, baked into crisp bread (high-bran bread), would affect the blood glucose levels and insulin requirements in insulin-dependent diabetic patients. The high-bran bread was compared with a low-bran bread (series I) and with the usual bread in the patients' diet (series II). The low-bran bread contained 5% dietary fiber, the high-bran bread 18% and the usual bread in the patient's diet 4% as a mean (enzymatic method). In series I five women consumed the low-bran bread for two weeks and then changed to the high-bran bread for four weeks. In series II two men and five women consumed their usual bread during a control period of two weeks and high-bran during the following two weeks. The insulin doses were reduced or the blood glucose concentrations were lowered during the high-bran bread periods.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Treatment of constipation with high-bran bread in long-term care of severely demented elderly patients.

Constipation in institutionalized elderly is a common and difficult problem. Thirty-three institutionalized demented patients with severe constipation were given a high-bran bread instead of their accustomed laxatives. Changes in defecation habits, food and liquid intake, and metabolic status were registered. During the high-bran bread treatment period, the number of bowel evacuations and the estimated volume of feces increased. The total laxative consumption (doses given per day) decreased by 93 per cent. Nutritional data and metabolic status were unchanged during the high-bran bread period except for a reduction of the postprandial blood glucose response after the glucose tolerance test.

Aged↗
PubMed1983

Prospective and retrospective studies of zinc concentrations in serum, blood clots, hair and urine in young patients with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus.

Two main diabetic groups were investigated, viz, one consisting of 19 diabetic children with newly diagnosed insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) (median age 10 years) where a prospective study was made, and one where a retrospective examination was performed of 73 patients (median age 14 years) with a mean duration of IDDM of 7 years; 83 healthy school children (median age 13 years) served as controls. In both groups of diabetic children more zinc was excreted in the urine than in the controls. At onset of IDDM, serum and blood clot zinc concentrations were reduced with a gradual increase towards normal within 1 month of insulin therapy. The zinc concentrations in hair did not differ from those of the controls. No correlation were found between zinc levels in serum, blood clots, urine and hair on one hand and the concentrations of albumin and glucose in serum and urine on the other.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

Treatment of fingertip amputations with bone exposure. A comparative study between surgical and conservative treatment methods.

The long-term results following 36 surgically and 34 conservatively treated fingertip amputations with bone exposure are presented in a retrospective study. Surgery did not produce better results even though it was performed by skilled hand surgeons. The advantages of the conservative (mainly adhesive zinc tape) treatment method are pointed out. The regenerative capacity of the amputated fingertip is shown and discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

Optimized atomic absorption spectrophotometry of zinc in cerebrospinal fluid.

This method for direct determination of Zn in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) involves flame atomic absorption spectrophotometry with a pulse nebulizer technique. Standard solutions of Zn in 150 mmol/L NaCl were used. We could account for 88% of added standard with the method in individual samples from 10 patients and in pooled CSF. The method is acceptably precise, CVs in pooled CSF ranging from 4 to 12%. The mean CSF-Zn concentration for nine healthy men was 0.18 (SD 0.04) mumol/L and for nine healthy women 0.15 (SD 0.03) mumol/L, a statistically insignificant difference. These values are lower than those in previous reports, which may have been the result of contamination problems, nonatomic absorption, or nonstandardized sampling. In the healthy volunteers, the CSF-Zn concentration was positively correlated with serum-Zn, CSF-protein, and CSF-albumin concentrations, as well as with the CSF/serum ratio for albumin.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Effects of processed rye bran and raw rye bran on glucose metabolism in alloxan diabetic rats.

Alloxan diabetic rats (D) and control rats (C) were for 14 days fed a basic diet made from a mixture of rye bread and milk containing either no bran (group O), processed bran (group PB) or raw bran (group B). The D-B animals has a lower urinary glucose excretion (36 +/- 4 mmoles/24 hours) than the D-PB animals (63 +/- 5 mmoles/24 hours), which in their turn had a lower excretion than the D-0 animals (100 +/- 3 mmoles/24 hours). The effects of the two brans on weight, serum insulin levels, and non-fasting blood glucose levels were similar in D-rats as well as in C-rats, with the exception of the lower nonfasting blood glucose level in C-B animals than in C-PB animals.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Zinc and copper metabolism in phenytoin therapy.

The effect of phenytoin (PHT) on the metabolism of zinc (Zn) and copper (Cu) has been studied during treatment for epilepsy. Eleven previously untreated epileptics were followed from the start of therapy together with 20 patients on long-term therapy. In eight untreated epileptic males low serum concentrations of Zn (S-Zn) were found. At the start of therapy increased S-Zn and S-Cu concentrations were noted. After 1 month of therapy S-Zn was at pretherapy levels but S-Cu was still increased. No changes in the urinary excretion of the metals or in the CSF-Zn concentrations were registered. In the patients on long-term therapy S-Zn was unchanged while S-Cu and S-ceruloplasmin were increased significantly compared with age- and sex-matched controls. It is postulated that the drug may cause a relative zinc deficiency through a chelate binding between Zn and PHT and/or an increased absorption and accumulation of Cu. These effects may be of importance in the development of intoxication symptoms and may also influence the effectiveness of seizure control.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Zinc and copper in multiple sclerosis.

The serum concentrations of zinc and copper were measured in 50 patients with multiple sclerosis. Lower serum zinc levels were found compared to age- and sex-matched controls. In younger patients low serum copper concentrations were noted. Zinc concentrations in CSF were unchanged. The possibility that malabsorption of the metals causes the low serum concentrations is discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Effects of diets rich and poor in fibres on the development of hereditary diabetes in mice.

Young mice with different genetic dispositions to obesity and hyperglycaemia were fed isocaloric diets rich (B-diet) or poor (O-diet) in fibre from rye. Normal C57BL/KsJ=+/+-mice developed equally well on the two diets with no differences in serum glucose or insulin. In non-inbred ob/ob-mice both diets were as effective as standard laboratory diet in supporting the fat accumulation and weight gain typical of these animals. No effect on serum insulin was observed, but at the age of 10 and 13 weeks the ob/ob-mice were more hyperglycaemic on the O-diet than on the B-diet. C57BL/KsJ-db/db-mice on the B-diet developed and maintained obesity until 20-25 weeks of age; they then began to lose weight and died at a median age of 36 weeks. KsJ-db/db-mice on the O-diet soon began to mobilize their fat reserves and died at a median age of 28 weeks; they also exhibited a more severe hyperglycaemia and less pronounced hyperinsulinaemia than KsJ-db/db-mice fed the B-diet. It is concluded that, at least in mice, the manifestations of a defined genetic disposition to severe diabetes mellitus can be modified by such simple an environmental factor as rye bran.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1982

Wound contraction and zinc absorption during treatment with zinc tape.

Wound healing, wound contraction and zinc absorption were studied in rats operated on with excisional wounds on each side of the dorsolateral aspects of the backs. The wounds were covered with plastic foil, plastic tape or zinc tape. The shortest healing time was seen in wounds treated with plastic foil when the contralateral wound was treated with zinc tape. Final wound contraction was decreased when the wound was treated with plastic-coated tape and zinc tape that was fixed to the surrounding skin. An increase in serum zinc concentration was seen 7 days postoperatively when the animals were treated with zinc tape and a decrease in serum zinc concentration was seen at the same time when only plastic foil was used.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Treatment of keloids and hypertrophic scars with adhesive zinc tape.

A report is given on the treatment of keloids and hypertrophic scars using ordinary zinc tape. Among 41 patients who had their keloids or hypertrophic scars covered with zinc tape, the size of the scars in 23 patients was reduced to the level of the surrounding skin within the mean treatment time of 6 months. In the remaining patients the size of the keloids also decreased and treatment is being continued. The itching decreased in all the 37 patients who suffered from itching before tape treatment and in 20 patients it disappeared totally. The redness of the scars decreased in all cases.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

Zinc and copper concentration in serum of patients with congenital ichthyosis, spastic di- or tetraplegia and mental retardation (Sjögren-Larsson syndrome).

Serum zinc and serum copper were examined in 18 patients with the Sjögren-Larsson syndrome (congenital ichthyosis, spastic di- or tetraplegia and mental retardation), in four patients with congenital ichthyosis and mental retardation, of whom three had alopecia, and in nine healthy controls. No indication of disturbed zinc or copper metabolism in these groups of patients was found.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

Long term effects of dietary fibre in bread on weight, blood glucose, glucosuria and faecal fat excretion in alloxan diabetic rats.

A comparative study of the long term effects of high and low fibre diets on weight, blood glucose levels, urine glucose excretion and faecal fat excretion was carried out on alloxan diabetic rats and controls rats. The experimental diet consisted of bread and milk. The high fibre bread was made from bran enriched whole rye meal and the low fibre bread from refined rye meal. All rats received the diets for six weeks. Diabetic rats on high or low fibre diets had essentially the same intake of other nutrients. The weight loss was less in the diabetic animals on the high fibre bread than on the low fibre bread. The control animals on the high fibre diet had slightly lower body weights and lower blood glucose levels than those on the low fibre diet. In diabetic rats the blood glucose levels were lower on the high fibre diet than on the low fibre diet. The urinary glucose excretion in diabetic rats decreased immediately after the start of the high fibre diet, while it increased in the rats on the low fibre diet. Faecal fat content in relation to fat intake was greater in the animals on high fibre diet than in those on low fibre diet.

Animals↗