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Biomedical subjects

G Hallmans

Publications and source records attributed to G Hallmans.

At least 145 records · Page 8Linked to original sources
PubMed1989

The availability of zinc in endosperm, whole grain and bran-enriched wheat crispbreads fed to rats on a Zn-deficient diet.

The hypothesis that factors such as dietary fibre and phytate in wheat bran limit the availability of Zn was tested in growing rats fed on low-Zn diets with different wheat crispbreads as the major source of Zn. Six groups of six weanling male rats each were fed on 5 parts semi-synthetic Zn-deficient diet and 1 part wheat-endosperm crispbread for 1 week. At the beginning of the second week, the crispbread in the diet of five groups was exchanged for crispbread made using one of the following wheat flours: (1) whole grain, (2) bran-enriched whole grain, (3) endosperm with Zn added to the whole-grain level, (4) endosperm with Zn added to the bran-enriched level, (5) whole grain with Zn added to the bran-enriched level. These diets were given ad lib. together with deionized water for 2.5 weeks. The relative absorption of Zn was lowest from the three non-supplemented diets (75-82%). All the added Zn was absorbed. As appetite, body-weight increase, Zn absorption, Zn retention and the Zn concentrations in serum and bone differed only slightly among groups fed on diets with similar Zn concentrations, it is concluded that factors such as dietary fibre or phytate in wheat bran limit the availability of Zn in wheat crispbreads very little when all the Zn is needed for growth and development in rats.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Plasma glucose and insulin, urinary catecholamine and cortisol responses to test breakfasts with high or low fibre content: the importance of the previous diet.

A 60-hour high-carbohydrate (high-CHO) diet or a 36-hour low-carbohydrate (low-CHO) diet was followed by 24 healthy women in a cross-over design to modify liver glycogen content. Thereafter each subject was given a high-sucrose breakfast, a high-protein, high-fibre breakfast or no breakfast. The two different breakfasts evoked larger plasma glucose responses following the low-CHO diet than when following the high-CHO diet. When the two breakfasts followed the same pre-period diet, no significant differences were observed. We conclude that the composition of the previous diet influences the postprandial response to meals and that a standardised diet shortly before test meal studies is of importance for the results in this type of studies.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

The effects of occlusive dressings on inflammation and granulation tissue formation in excised wounds in rats.

The effects on the healing of full-thickness excisional wounds treated with either of two occlusive dressings (Mezinc or Duoderm) were compared with the effects of gauze soaked in saline. The wounds were made on 86 rats and were examined clinically, histologically and biochemically four, eight and twelve days after wounding. Four days postoperatively the Duoderm-treated wounds differed significantly from the other two groups. Clinically, an adherent discolored gelatinous mass remained after removal of the firm part of the Duoderm dressing. Histologically it corresponded to a superficial exudate containing polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs), macrophages and condensed foreign material. There was also a more extensive inflammatory reaction in the underlying tissues compared with gauze or Mezinc treatment and debris was seen in vesicles extracellularly and in foamy macrophages. Foamy macrophages were only seen in the Duoderm-treated wounds. These macrophages were mainly confined to the granulation tissue, which was about twice as thick as in the other two treatment groups twelve days after excision.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

The extent of coprophagy in rats with differing iron status and its effect on iron absorption.

The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of coprophagy in rats with differing iron status and its effect on the measurement of iron absorption from test meals with and without bran. Two experiments were performed using radioisotope-labelled microspheres added as a non-digestible marker for the ingested faeces and the diet and 59Fe added as a marker for the nonhaem iron in the test meal. In this study, coprophagy occurred at group mean rates of between 5 and 22% and was independent of the iron status of the rats or the presence or absence of bran in the diet. The relative absorption of iron, measured as the retention of 59Fe from a single meal, was affected to the same extent in groups with the same iron status, if it was affected at all. Thus comparisons of iron absorption from diets with and without bran should not be affected by coprophagy.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

The effect of body build, diet and endocrine factors on the extrinsic fibrinolytic system in healthy young women.

In this study, the importance of anthropometric, nutritional and endocrine variables on the plasma concentrations of tissue plasminogen activator antigen (tPA) and plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI-l) were investigated. Tissue plasminogen activator concentration and PAI-l activity in plasma were studied in 24 healthy young women after diet periods which caused depletion or filling of hepatic glycogen stores. Plasminogen activator inhibitor levels in the glycogen-depleted state and the glycogen-repleted state were positively correlated, as were also tPA levels. In fasting subjects with repleted glycogen stores, tPA values correlated with fasting insulin concentration and blood pressures. In fasting subjects depleted of glycogen stores, PAI-l correlated with tPA, plasma insulin, triglycerides, and waist-to-hip girth ratio; triglycerides and waist-to-hip girth ratio also correlated with tPA. Over a 4-h period following intake of a test-meal, the glucose and insulin responses were not correlated with the fibrinolytic variables. Multivariate regression analysis suggested that waist-to-hip girth ratio and diastolic blood pressure were independently associated with tPA concentrations both in subjects with depleted and repleted glycogen stores. Thus, both constitutional factors such as anthropometric variables and blood pressure, and nutritional status of the subjects may be related to tPA and PAI- levels in plasma. This should be taken into account in clinical studies on fibrinolysis.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Granulation tissue formation and metabolism of zinc and copper in alloxan-diabetic rats.

The early wound healing phases, and zinc and copper metabolism were assessed in traumatized insulin dependent diabetic rats. Granulation tissue was obtained by implanting Ivalon sponges subcutaneously and analysed on the fourth and seventh postoperative days by applying quantitative biochemical methods. The DNA content on day 4 and the amounts of RNA, hydroxyproline and hemoglobin on day 7 were significantly lower in granulation tissue from diabetic rats. The alkaline phosphatase activity, a marker for polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs), was raised in the diabetic granulation tissue. The concentrations of zinc and copper were found to be increased in the kidney of diabetic rats compared with operated, non-diabetic controls. Our data suggest that the early granulation tissue formation is disturbed, with a prolonged inflammatory phase, decreased collagen formation and reduced vascularization. Zinc and copper are accumulated in the kidney of rats with uncontrolled, insulin dependent diabetes mellitus.

Acid Phosphatase↗
PubMed1987

The importance of the body's need for zinc in determining Zn availability in food: a principle demonstrated in the rat.

1. The hypothesis that the availability of zinc in a food is limited by factors in the food was tested against the hypothesis that Zn absorption is homeostatically regulated by the body according to its need for Zn. 2. The experimental model used was the short-term administration to rats of a parenteral nutrition solution with no added Zn in an attempt to increase their need for Zn in an anabolic phase. 3. The absorption and retention of 65Zn from a piece of endosperm-wheat crisp-bread in rats injected intraperitoneally with the parenteral nutrition solution was more than 40% higher than that in a control group injected with physiological saline (9 g sodium chloride/l). 4. The results indicate that the availability of Zn in the bread is not fixed but variable and dependent on the body's need for Zn.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

The effect of wheat bran on the absorption and accumulation of cadmium in rats.

1. The major purpose of the present study was to determine whether the addition of wheat bran to endosperm crisp bread in a composite diet given to rats for 6 weeks causes an increase in the accumulation of cadmium in the rats due to the Cd content in the bran, or whether binding factors in the bran, such as dietary fibre and phytic acid, reduce or prevent the accumulation of this Cd. A second purpose was to determine whether the accumulation of Cd can be estimated by measuring the absorption of 109Cd given in a single meal of the diet. 2. Three groups of eight rats were fed on one of three diets. Half of each diet consisted of a basal mixture of starch, protein, oil, minerals and vitamins. The remainder consisted of crisp breads based on refined wheat flour (endosperm group), wheat flour + bran in equal amounts (bran group) and wheat flour + Cd to give a Cd content similar to that of the bran group (endosperm + Cd group). After 41 d on the diets, the rats were deprived of food but not water for 12 h and then given a 5 g test meal of their respective diets with 109Cd added. After 3 h the remaining 109Cd-labelled diets were replaced with the unlabelled diets for 3 h before the rats were killed. 3. The total Cd contents in the wall of the proximal small intestine, including mucus, and in the liver and kidneys were highest in the endosperm + Cd group and lowest in the endosperm group.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Nutritional status and dietary intake in institutionalized patients with Alzheimer's disease and multiinfarct dementia.

Nutritional status, dietary intake, weight change, and mortality were studied in a sample of severely demented, institutionalized patients. Dietary intake was registered during five days in two periods, five weeks apart. A weighing method was used. Nutritional status was assessed by anthropometric measurements (weight for height index, triceps skinfold thickness, arm muscle circumference) and determination of circulating proteins (albumin, transferrin, and prealbumin). Energy and/or protein malnutrition was found in 50% of the patients. The mean dietary intake was sufficient according to energy (2059 kcal/day), proteins, vitamins, and minerals. A comparison of patients with or without malnutrition showed no differences in dietary intake, diagnoses, age, length of hospital stay, or duration of illness. However, malnourished patients had had four times as many infectious periods treated by antibiotics as patients with no malnutrition. Thirty-nine of 44 patients lost weight during their hospital stay. There was no correlation between loss of weight, length of hospital stay, or duration of illness.

Aged↗
PubMed1987

Inverted papilloma with intussusception of the ureter. Case report.

A case of inverted papilloma with intussusception of the ureter is reported. The patient is followed up 5 years after conservative treatment by partial resection of the ureter. No signs of urothelial tumor in the upper urinary tract or urinary bladder were revealed.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Effects of long-term phenytoin treatment on brain weight and zinc and copper metabolism in rats.

The effects of phenytoin (PHT) treatment on brain weights and the zinc (Zn) and copper (Cu) concentrations in liver, kidney, and five parts of the brain have been studied in rats. After 32 wk of treatment (daily doses 72-88 mg/kg body weight), significantly reduced brain weights were found in rats sacrificed during treatment, but not in those sacrificed after 14 d of abstinence. The weight reduction mainly seemed to affect cortex, but cerebellum was also influenced. The PHT treatment during 18 wk did not significantly reduce the brain weights. At the end of treatment, significantly increased serum Cu concentrations were found, as well as decreased Zn levels in the liver and low Cu levels in the kidney. No large alterations were found in the trace element concentrations of different brain regions. The PHT treatment for 32 wk induced physical dependence, recorded as convulsions. It is suggested that PHT through a chelate binding with Zn and Cu interferes with the metabolism of the trace elements and the drug may cause a Zn deficiency. The observed decrease of the brain weights may have some parallel to the mental side effects of the drug observed during chronic epilepsy therapy.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Zinc, total protein, and albumin in CSF of patients with cerebrovascular diseases.

Fifty-seven well-defined acute stroke patients were investigated for cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) concentrations of zinc (Zn), total protein, and albumin, as well as 6 patients with old infarctions. Significantly increased concentrations were found in patients with acute non-embolic and embolic infarctions and haemorrhage compared with patients having old infarctions or with the controls. The CSF-Zn concentrations in acute infarctions correlated significantly with the total protein and albumin concentrations of CSF. There was no significant difference in the CSF concentrations between the first and second lumbar puncture. The size of the infarctions on CT scan did not correlate with the CSF parameters. High CSF concentrations of Zn, total protein and albumin in acute infarctions related to a poor short-term prognosis. This study shows that CSF-Zn determinations in acute cerebrovascular diseases may be of diagnostic and prognostic value.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Effects of zinc oxide in an occlusive, adhesive dressing on granulation tissue formation.

The role of zinc in an occlusive, adhesive dressing (Zn-tape) was investigated in two experiments in the rat. In the first one Zn-tape was compared with a similar tape without zinc components and also with an inert plastic coated fabric with regard to the wound inflammatory reaction in excisional wounds. In the second experiment we attempted to assess possible systemic effects of zinc absorbed from Zn-tape-treated excisional wounds by studying the granulation tissue formation in subcutaneously implanted Ivalon sponges. The excisional wounds were treated with either the Zn-tape or a titanium tape in which the zinc oxide was replaced by an equivalent amount of titanium dioxide (Ti-tape). The granulation tissue produced was evaluated histologically, histochemically and biochemically. The plain adhesive mass and the Ti-tape elicited an intense inflammatory reaction as indicated both by high activities of alkaline phosphatases and histological examination. The Zn-tape reduced inflammatory processes in the granulation tissue of the excisional wounds. Zinc levels in serum and liver were raised in Zn-tape-treated animals. We conclude that zinc oxide in the Zn-tape affects inflammatory reactions in the granulation tissue of the wounds, possibly through a continuous release of zinc ions and by modifying the adhesive components of the Zn-tape. There was no evidence of a systemic effect of zinc absorbed from the excisional wounds on the granulation tissue formation in the implanted Ivalon sponges.

Acid Phosphatase↗
PubMed1986

Selenium, zinc, iron and copper levels in serum of patients with arterial and venous leg ulcers.

The total serum concentrations of selenium, zinc, iron and copper were determined in geriatric patients with and without leg ulcers. The levels of selenium, zinc and iron were significantly lower and the copper/zinc ratio was significantly higher in the leg ulcer group compared with control patients. The serum-copper level and the serum-copper/zinc ratio were raised in patients with poor ulcer healing.

Aged↗
PubMed1985

The effect of topical zinc absorption from wounds on growth and the wound healing process in zinc-deficient rats.

An experiment with local application of zinc oxide from a zinc tape to wounds was performed on 80 male Sprague-Dawley rats. Tapes with or without zinc oxide were applied on excisional wounds of both zinc-deficient and zinc-sufficient animals. The reduction in wound area was more pronounced in zinc-tape-treated animals given both a zinc-deficient and zinc-sufficient diet. The operative trauma had a negative effect on the animals' growth rate, although the state of zinc deficiency in the operated rats could be relieved by the local application of zinc. The results of the present study indicate that topically absorbed zinc from wounds promotes both the early wound healing phase and growth in both zinc-deficient and zinc-sufficient rats.

Administration, Topical↗
PubMed1985

Malignant diabetes mellitus--a case report.

A 30-year-old man presented at the diagnosis of an insulin dependent diabetes mellitus with pronounced and multiple complications, such as retino-, nephro-, dermo- and neuropathy. His diabetes had a malignant course and he died from uremia within one year after diagnosis. There were no signs of atherosclerosis at autopsy but in several organs there were pronounced diabetic small vessel lesions.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Effects of various brans on energy intake and glucose metabolism in alloxan diabetic rats.

The purpose of the present study was, firstly, to determine whether untreated rye bran and untreated wheat bran differ in their ability to affect energy intake and glucose metabolism in alloxan diabetic rats; and secondly, to find out whether wheat brans processed by extrusion-cooking or acid-treatment differ in this respect. A low-fiber high-starch diet was used as reference. There was a positive correlation between energy intake and urinary glucose excretion. No correlation between these parameters and weight increase was found. The mean urinary glucose excretion was lowest in the animals fed untreated rye bran (68 +/- 3 mmoles/24 h). No difference in urinary glucose excretion was found in the three different wheat bran groups (range of means: 102 +/- 10 - 105 +/- 7 mmoles/24 h). The highest urinary glucose excretion was found in the group fed the low-fiber high-starch diet (160 +/- 12 mmoles/24 h). It is thus concluded that untreated rye bran lowered urine glucose more than did untreated wheat bran, and that extrusion-cooking or acid-treatment did not change the urine glucose lowering effect of wheat bran.

Animals↗