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Biomedical subjects

G Keck

Publications and source records attributed to G Keck.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2005

Ecotoxicological risk assessment of hospital wastewater: a proposed framework for raw effluents discharging into urban sewer network.

In hospitals a large variety of substances are in use for medical purposes such as diagnostics and research. After application, diagnostic agents, disinfectants and excreted non-metabolized pharmaceuticals by patients, reach the wastewater. This form of elimination may generate risks for aquatic organisms. The aim of this study was to present: (i) the steps of an ecological risk assessment and management framework related to hospital effluents evacuating into wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) without preliminary treatment; and (ii) the results of its application on wastewater from an infectious and tropical diseases department of a hospital of a large city in southeastern France. The characterization of effects has been made under two assumptions, which were related to: (a) the effects of hospital wastewater on biological treatment process of WWTP, particularly on the community of organisms in charge of the biological decomposition of the organic matter; (b) the effects on aquatic organisms. COD and BOD5 have been measured for studying global organic pollution. Assessment of halogenated organic compounds was made using halogenated organic compounds absorbable on activated carbon (AOX) concentrations. Heavy metals (arsenic, cadmium, chrome, copper, mercury, nickel, lead and zinc) were measured. Low most probable number (MPP) for faecal coliforms has been considered as an indirect detection of antibiotics and disinfectants presence. For toxicity assessment, bioluminescence assay using Vibrio fischeri photobacteria, 72-h EC50 algae growth Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata and 24-h EC50 on Daphnia magna were used. The scenario allows to a semi-quantitative risk characterization. It needs to be improved on some aspects, particularly those linked to: long term toxicity assessment on target organisms (bioaccumulation of pollutants, genotoxicity, etc.); ecotoxicological interactions between pharmaceuticals, disinfectants used both in diagnostics and in cleaning of surfaces, and detergents used in cleaning of surfaces; the interactions into the sewage network, between the hospital effluents and the aquatic ecosystem.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed2001

Veterinary pharmacovigilance: between regulation and science.

Veterinary pharmacovigilance has shown a remarkable development in recent years. After presenting briefly the regulatory context, this paper considers the scope of veterinary pharmacovigilance, causality assessment of suspected adverse drug reactions (ADRs), the systems existing in different countries and the evolution for the coming years. The involvement of veterinary research and teaching institutions should certainly become more important in this cross-road activity.

Adverse Drug Reaction Reporting Systems↗
PubMed1998

Glyphosate toxicosis in domestic animals: a survey from the data of the Centre National d'Informations Toxicologiques Veterinaires (CNITV).

A retrospective study was conducted of 482 glyphosate calls recorded at the Centre National d'Informations Toxicologiques Veterinaires (CNITV) of France between 1991 and 1994. Most of the calls came from veterinary practitioners (83.8%) and were related to emergencies. In the majority of calls, the CNITV did not assess clinical observations as certain or highly probable glyphosate poisoning. Only 31 cases were assessed as certain or highly probable and were linked with direct ingestion of glyphosate concentrates or sprays in 25 dogs. The symptoms were most frequently described as vomiting, hypersalivation and diarrhea; prostration and paresis were not common. Symptomatic treatment resulted in rapid recovery without sequelae.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

[Drug surveillance and reproduction in domestic animals].

Adverse effects of veterinary drugs, on the reproductive functions of domestic animals, represent an important aspect of veterinary pharmaco-vigilance. The data presented here are coming from the cases recorded by the National Centre of Veterinary Toxicological Informations or from published cases. The substances taken in account are mainly currently used drugs (antimicrobials, anti-parasitic...) either of specific veterinary use, either used in both human and veterinary medicine.

Adverse Drug Reaction Reporting Systems↗
PubMed1992

Veterinary pharmacovigilance in the European context.

Pharmacovigilance (or pharmaco-surveillance) is the surveillance of adverse drug reactions (ADRs) which are noxious and of unintended reactions which occur at doses normally used in animals in accordance with the terms of the marketing authorization. From this definition, the scope of veterinary pharmacovigilance should be clearly defined, especially with regard to associated problems of lack of efficacy, resistance, effects in man, residues, etc. Priorities should be established concerning adverse effects in animals in order to set up an operational system. Methodological tools are being developed such as causality assessment, thesaurus, data banks, alert systems. The situation of veterinary pharmacovigilance in countries is very different. The existing systems are based on two different conceptions: a pharmacovigilance of the administrative type, made by authorities; a pharmacovigilace of the interactive type, made in veterinary universities, linked with the authorities. In industry, the importance of pharmacovigilance is increasing; collaborations have been set up but should certainly be developed. Finally, the sensitization of the veterinary practitioners, which play a key-role in the system of spontaneous reporting of ADRs, is to be developed in many ways: interaction during or after the report, publication of data, concrete actions, improvement of side-effect warnings and prevention, etc. Veterinary pharmacovigilance should be a very interesting area of cooperation between the field, universities, industry and regulation authorities.

Adverse Drug Reaction Reporting Systems↗
PubMed1992

[Human behavior in the solar radiation field with reference to ultraviolet exposure].

There is a causal relation between solar ultraviolet radiation and skin cancer. For epidemiological investigations, quantification of the UV exposure is essential. To set up a risk assessment for the whole population, a representative survey was performed in Austria. The questionnaire refers to three sectors of everyday life: work, recreation and holidays; in addition the use of solaria is asked about for a further investigation. The UV exposure caused by humans' behaviour in the field of solar radiation was analysed from various demographic aspects. For some subpopulations the UV exposure sustained during work, recreation and holidays was compared. Groups with high occupational UV exposure show a weaker tendency to stay outdoors during leisure time and holidays than groups characterized by high UV exposure in their leisure time, who also prefer sun-intensive activities during holidays.

Dose-Response Relationship, Radiation↗
PubMed1992

Trend analysis of solar ultraviolet exposure of the Austrian population caused by holiday patterns since 1969.

Over the last few decades, a steady increase in the incidence of skin cancer has been observed. Solar ultraviolet (UV) exposure is undoubtedly one of the primary causes, and of these, holiday patterns are an intrinsic component. To assess solar UV exposure for this trend analysis, changes in holiday patterns were investigated. For Austrians, a preponderance of holidays are spent at the Mediterranean Sea. These holidays represent not only a potentially high UV exposure because of location but also because sun-intensive activities are preferred. The analysis shows an increase in solar UV exposure from all holidays of 1.6% per year. About 22% of the population spends holidays at the Mediterranean Sea, and UV exposure of the total population from these holidays has increased annually by about 3.3%. Because of the latency period, it is not possible to draw conclusions from the increase in UV exposure and the temporal trends in skin cancer. A longer time series would be necessary to do this. A direct comparison of data from other countries reporting increases in skin cancer does not seem appropriate, as levels of UV exposure vary greatly and such factors as genetic susceptibility are involved.

Austria↗
PubMed1991

[The problems of X-ray image formation in veterinary practice--result of a cyclic study with the use of a test phantom for the determination of image quality].

To grasp the problems of producing X-ray pictures in veterinary surgery, a ring trial was carried out. The task of the veterinarians was to produce two radiographs: from a certain body region, together with a test phantom, which allowed the judgement of the image quality immediately. The dates and technique of exposure had to be chosen as usual, one picture had to be developed in the dark room, either manually--the usual way with the normally used chemicals or by automatic developing machine. The other picture was developed under standard conditions in the Institute of Medical Physics. For a third radiograph, already exposed with the correct dose, only development was requested. Therewith the total process of producing an x-ray picture, the exposure dates and -technique and the dark-room procedure should be analyzed. Additionally a protocol was drawn up. All results were treated anonymously. The outcome of the trial obviously showed the problems: blatant tendency to overexposure, in no case underexposure, combined with faults in the dark room--e.g. disregarding the condition of the developer or the probably given necessity of changing the developer and even the importance of controlling time and temperature during developing. No informations were requested about fixation- and stop bath or the method of drying.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Collective human food poisonings by clenbuterol residues in veal liver.

Twenty-two patients were reported to complain of tremor, headaches, tachycardia and dizziness 1-3 h after eating veal liver. As clinical symptoms were not suggestive of an infectious cause, the presence of veterinary drug residues was suspected. Clenbuterol, a beta 2-agonist, was being illegally used in cattle because of its anabolizing properties and may explain the observed effects. Assays of clenbuterol in samples of veal liver showed concentrations of 0.375 and 0.500 micrograms/g. To our knowledge, this is one of the first reports of clinical symptoms in humans associated with the consumption of veterinary drug residue-containing food.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

[UV-inactivation of microorganisms in water].

UV-Inactivation of Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtilis spores, Staphylococcus-Phage A 994, Poliovirus type Mahoney and Rotavirus SA 11 was tested under controlled physical conditions. B. subtilis-spores were found to be the most resistant of these microorganisms, followed by Rotavirus, Bacteriophage and Poliovirus. E. coli required the lowest irradiation dose for inactivation. Causes and meaning of these dose-survival-reactions are discussed.

Bacillus subtilis↗