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Biomedical subjects

G M Rayan

Publications and source records attributed to G M Rayan.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1994

Classification and treatment of closed sagittal band injuries.

Twenty-eight nonrheumatoid patients were treated for sagittal band injuries. The digits involved, in order of frequency, were long, small, index, and ring. We observed three clinical types of sagittal band injuries: type I, injury without extensor tendon instability; type II, injury with tendon subluxation; and type III, injury with tendon dislocation. Eight of nine patients with small finger involvement had radial sagittal band injuries; four of them presented with abduction deformity of the small finger. Satisfactory results were achieved with nonoperative treatment when it was initiated within 3 weeks of injury. Splinting was the initial treatment for all patients. Ten patients were treated either by centralization of the extensor tendon of the central two digits to provide pain-free stability or tendon transfer to correct small finger abduction deformity.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1994

Occult wrist pain due to capitate nonunion.

Capitate nonunion is an uncommon cause of occult wrist pain. History of wrist injury, tenderness in the distal carpal row, capitate-view x-rays, and special radiographic studies such as bone scan, CT scan, or magnetic resonance imaging can confirm the diagnosis.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Complications after subfascial carpal tunnel release.

The two cases we report reiterate the dangers of performing a carpal tunnel release through a small transverse or longitudinal incision at the wrist crease. We concur with other authors that this method of carpal tunnel release has an unacceptably high complication rate, and its potential risks do not justify its use.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Microbiological flora and nail polish: a brief report.

Removing nail polish and prosthetic nails from operating room (OR) personnel prior to scrubbing and from patients prior to hand surgery is recommended but not practiced in many hospitals. There is concern that nail polish can act as a vehicle for the transfer of infectious agents. This study was designed to determine the incidence of microbiological flora of nail polish in a clinical setting.

Acinetobacter↗
PubMed1994

Traumatic tenosynovitis and extensor tendon rupture.

Extensor tenosynovitis is caused by a variety of conditions, but most commonly is associated with inflammatory arthritis. Extensor tenosynovitis with secondary tendon rupture due to occupational repetitive direct trauma to the dorsal compartments of the wrist and hand is reported in a woman. Tenosynovectomy and tendon transfer were performed to relieve pain and restore hand function.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Congenital thumb hypoplasia.

Hypoplastic thumb is a short, underdeveloped thumb with deficient or absent intrinsic muscles with or without deficient extrinsic musculotendinous structures. Thumb hypoplasia is a common congenital abnormality with five types of increasing severity. This abnormality may be associated with local musculoskeletal deficiencies or systemic diseases and syndromes. In severe cases, basic hand function, including pinch and grasp, may be adversely affected. A variety of operative reconstructive procedures can provide thumb stability, and improve motor control and overall hand function.

Congenital Abnormalities↗
PubMed1994

Pisotriquetral joint ganglion.

Physical examination of a woman with painful swelling about the ulnar side of her dominant right wrist but no history of trauma revealed a freely mobile soft-tissue mass on the ulnar aspect of the wrist. Radiographs of the wrist were normal. At surgery, a 1 cm x 1 cm ganglion immediately adjacent to the hypothenar muscles was dissected circumferentially and found to have a stalk originating from the ulnar aspect of the pisotriquetral joint. This report suggests that ganglions arising from the medial side of the pisotriquetral joint should be included in the differential diagnosis of ulnar wrist pain.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Late reconstruction of sagittal band laceration.

Injuries to the sagittal band with subsequent instability of the extensor digitorum communis tendon are uncommon. In an unusual presentation, a laceration to the radial sagittal band of the little finger was manifest as an abduction deformity of the digit. This injury was treated by repair of the sagittal band and extensor digiti minimi tendon transfer.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Compression brachial plexopathy caused by chronic posterior dislocation of the sternoclavicular joint.

Thoracic outlet syndrome developed in a patient due to chronic posterior dislocation of the sternoclavicular joint, following an all-terrain vehicle accident. Decompression of the thoracic outlet was accomplished by surgical reduction of the clavicle, excision of the medial clavicle and reconstruction of the costoclavicular ligament. The patient's symptomatology was relieved by the surgical procedure performed.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

First web space contracture and hand function.

We studied 125 normal volunteers to determine the normal first web space angle and to evaluate the influence of thumb-index finger web space contracture on hand function. One hundred ninety-five hands were measured and found to have a mean web space angle of 100 degrees. There was no significant difference in the mean angle in relation to sex or hand dominance. The mean angle was significantly smaller for persons 50 to 79 years of age than for the two younger age groups. Twenty-five normal volunteers (50 hands) took the Jebsen-Taylor test three times: first, with no restrictions; second, with splints simulating a 60-degree web space contracture; and third, with splints simulating a 30-degree contracture. More than half of the volunteers had abnormal small-object subtests. Other abnormal subtests included card turning, feeding, and stacking checkers. Grasping large light and heavy objects was less difficult because of compensatory techniques used by the volunteers.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

Medial triceps flap coverage for an ulnar neuroma.

This paper reports on a technique for coverage of a posttraumatic lateral neuroma at the elbow. A 14-year-old male patient underwent exploration of the ulnar nerve 4 months after a laceration to the elbow. Following neurolysis and anterior submuscular transposition, the exposed neuroma was covered using a flap of medial triceps muscle. The flap required minimal mobilization, incurred little donor morbidity, and provided adequate coverage without the danger of creating a new area of compression.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

Subungual malignant degeneration following chronic perionychial infection.

Chronic perionychial infections are common. Subungual malignant melanoma and squamous cell carcinoma are rare. The relationship between these two conditions is not well understood, but appears to exist. In this paper, two such cases are described and the literature is reviewed.

Carcinoma, Squamous Cell↗
PubMed1992

Effects of rapid pulsed CO2 laser beam on cortical bone in vivo.

Twenty rabbit femurs were used to study the effect of CO2 laser on cortical bone. Sixteen femurs were treated with 20 watts, 3 mm defocused beam, 2 KHZ spike pulse mode CO2 laser for 10 seconds through a circular window in the metaphysis. In four control femurs, the inner cortex was exposed without laser treatment. The animals were killed at 4 and 6 weeks and the specimens studied histologically. All laser-treated specimens showed thermal changes. Three histological zones were observed. A superficial zone of inner cortex close to the beam consisted mainly of carbonization or carbon ash during resorption. An intermediate zone consisted of bone necrosis and healing with associated areas of new bone formation. The deep zone of outer cortex had normal bone with no cellular damage. No such changes were observed in the control specimens. The CO2 laser can be used to generate a controlled zone of tissue ablation, which may make it a potentially useful tool for tumor margin cauterization.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Elbow flexion test in the normal population.

The elbow flexion test was investigated in 204 elbows in 102 normal volunteers. The effects of various wrist and shoulder positions were also studied. In 20 elbows in 15 persons (10%) flexion tests were positive with the wrist and shoulder in neutral position. In 27 elbows in 20 persons (13%) tests were positive with wrist extension and shoulder abduction.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

Archery-related injuries of the hand, forearm, and elbow.

The five patients reported herein had various archery-related injuries of the upper extremities. Acute injuries included arrow laceration of a digital nerve and artery, contusion of forearm skin and subcutaneous tissue, and compression neuropathy of digital nerves from the bowstring. Chronic injuries included bilateral medial epicondylitis and median nerve compression at the wrist, de Quervain's tenosynovitis, and median nerve compression at the elbow. Essential measures for archery safety include use of archery protective gear, use of a light-weight bow, conditioning of the forearm flexor muscles, and modifications in drawing the bowstring.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Electrodiagnosis of compressive nerve lesions.

Electrodiagnostic studies provide valuable information that can be a useful adjunct to careful clinical evaluation in the diagnosis of compression neuropathy. Such studies can also help to predict the outcome of treatment and differentiate nerve injuries amenable to successful surgical intervention.

Electrodiagnosis↗