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Biomedical subjects

G M Rayan

Publications and source records attributed to G M Rayan.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1994

Pisotriquetral joint ganglion.

Physical examination of a woman with painful swelling about the ulnar side of her dominant right wrist but no history of trauma revealed a freely mobile soft-tissue mass on the ulnar aspect of the wrist. Radiographs of the wrist were normal. At surgery, a 1 cm x 1 cm ganglion immediately adjacent to the hypothenar muscles was dissected circumferentially and found to have a stalk originating from the ulnar aspect of the pisotriquetral joint. This report suggests that ganglions arising from the medial side of the pisotriquetral joint should be included in the differential diagnosis of ulnar wrist pain.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Late reconstruction of sagittal band laceration.

Injuries to the sagittal band with subsequent instability of the extensor digitorum communis tendon are uncommon. In an unusual presentation, a laceration to the radial sagittal band of the little finger was manifest as an abduction deformity of the digit. This injury was treated by repair of the sagittal band and extensor digiti minimi tendon transfer.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Compression brachial plexopathy caused by chronic posterior dislocation of the sternoclavicular joint.

Thoracic outlet syndrome developed in a patient due to chronic posterior dislocation of the sternoclavicular joint, following an all-terrain vehicle accident. Decompression of the thoracic outlet was accomplished by surgical reduction of the clavicle, excision of the medial clavicle and reconstruction of the costoclavicular ligament. The patient's symptomatology was relieved by the surgical procedure performed.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

First web space contracture and hand function.

We studied 125 normal volunteers to determine the normal first web space angle and to evaluate the influence of thumb-index finger web space contracture on hand function. One hundred ninety-five hands were measured and found to have a mean web space angle of 100 degrees. There was no significant difference in the mean angle in relation to sex or hand dominance. The mean angle was significantly smaller for persons 50 to 79 years of age than for the two younger age groups. Twenty-five normal volunteers (50 hands) took the Jebsen-Taylor test three times: first, with no restrictions; second, with splints simulating a 60-degree web space contracture; and third, with splints simulating a 30-degree contracture. More than half of the volunteers had abnormal small-object subtests. Other abnormal subtests included card turning, feeding, and stacking checkers. Grasping large light and heavy objects was less difficult because of compensatory techniques used by the volunteers.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

Medial triceps flap coverage for an ulnar neuroma.

This paper reports on a technique for coverage of a posttraumatic lateral neuroma at the elbow. A 14-year-old male patient underwent exploration of the ulnar nerve 4 months after a laceration to the elbow. Following neurolysis and anterior submuscular transposition, the exposed neuroma was covered using a flap of medial triceps muscle. The flap required minimal mobilization, incurred little donor morbidity, and provided adequate coverage without the danger of creating a new area of compression.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

Subungual malignant degeneration following chronic perionychial infection.

Chronic perionychial infections are common. Subungual malignant melanoma and squamous cell carcinoma are rare. The relationship between these two conditions is not well understood, but appears to exist. In this paper, two such cases are described and the literature is reviewed.

Carcinoma, Squamous Cell↗
PubMed1992

Effects of rapid pulsed CO2 laser beam on cortical bone in vivo.

Twenty rabbit femurs were used to study the effect of CO2 laser on cortical bone. Sixteen femurs were treated with 20 watts, 3 mm defocused beam, 2 KHZ spike pulse mode CO2 laser for 10 seconds through a circular window in the metaphysis. In four control femurs, the inner cortex was exposed without laser treatment. The animals were killed at 4 and 6 weeks and the specimens studied histologically. All laser-treated specimens showed thermal changes. Three histological zones were observed. A superficial zone of inner cortex close to the beam consisted mainly of carbonization or carbon ash during resorption. An intermediate zone consisted of bone necrosis and healing with associated areas of new bone formation. The deep zone of outer cortex had normal bone with no cellular damage. No such changes were observed in the control specimens. The CO2 laser can be used to generate a controlled zone of tissue ablation, which may make it a potentially useful tool for tumor margin cauterization.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Elbow flexion test in the normal population.

The elbow flexion test was investigated in 204 elbows in 102 normal volunteers. The effects of various wrist and shoulder positions were also studied. In 20 elbows in 15 persons (10%) flexion tests were positive with the wrist and shoulder in neutral position. In 27 elbows in 20 persons (13%) tests were positive with wrist extension and shoulder abduction.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

Archery-related injuries of the hand, forearm, and elbow.

The five patients reported herein had various archery-related injuries of the upper extremities. Acute injuries included arrow laceration of a digital nerve and artery, contusion of forearm skin and subcutaneous tissue, and compression neuropathy of digital nerves from the bowstring. Chronic injuries included bilateral medial epicondylitis and median nerve compression at the wrist, de Quervain's tenosynovitis, and median nerve compression at the elbow. Essential measures for archery safety include use of archery protective gear, use of a light-weight bow, conditioning of the forearm flexor muscles, and modifications in drawing the bowstring.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Electrodiagnosis of compressive nerve lesions.

Electrodiagnostic studies provide valuable information that can be a useful adjunct to careful clinical evaluation in the diagnosis of compression neuropathy. Such studies can also help to predict the outcome of treatment and differentiate nerve injuries amenable to successful surgical intervention.

Electrodiagnosis↗
PubMed1992

Proximal ulnar nerve compression. Cubital tunnel syndrome.

Ulnar nerve compression about the elbow is common. If diagnosed and treated early, satisfactory results can be expected. Severe chronic nerve compression may lead to permanent nerve damage. The diagnosis can be made by careful history, physical examination, knowledge of the nerve anatomy, and sometimes electrodiagnosis. Cubital tunnel syndrome must be differentiated from TOS and ulnar tunnel syndrome. Double-crush syndrome should be ruled out. Nonoperative treatment must be attempted first, whereas surgical treatment is indicated in severe and chronic cases. Satisfactory results can be achieved after surgery if nerve damage is absent and careful attention to technical details and gentle handling of the nerve are exercised.

Biomechanical Phenomena↗
PubMed1991

Effects of CO2 laser beam on cortical bone.

Sixteen bone blocks from two freshly amputated legs were used to study the effect of CO2 laser on cortical bone. They were divided into two groups. In Group I, the blocks were treated with CO2 laser using 1 mm spot (focused mode). In Group II, they were treated with CO2 laser using 3 mm spot (defocused mode). Two other variables were investigated: the power and time of exposure. Three histologic zones were observed: a superficial zone with black particle deposits (carbonization), an intermediate zone with fibrillations and enlarged empty lacunae, and a deep zone with normal appearing bone. The bony changes in the first two zones combined were superficial in all specimens and did not exceed 200 microns. Increased energy, a focused beam, and time of exposure were all associated with increased matrix changes. CO2 laser can be applied to cortical bone in vitro with minimal residual thermal damage.

Bone and Bones↗
PubMed1991

Vasoactive intestinal peptide and nerve regeneration.

The role of vasoactive intestinal peptide (V.I.P.) in nerve regeneration was investigated by assessing the changes in immunoreactive V.I.P. levels in rat sciatic nerves following injury and repair. 60 rats were divided into three surgical groups and one control group: In group I (primary repair), sciatic nerves were divided and immediately repaired; in group II (secondary repair), sciatic nerves were divided and repaired two weeks later; in group III (no repair), sciatic nerves were divided and not repaired; and in group IV (controls), sciatic nerves were exposed but not divided. Animals were sacrificed at three days and at weekly intervals. Their sciatic nerves were extracted and assayed for V.I.P. concentrations by a specific radioimmunoassay. The mean V.I.P. concentration varied between 22 and 46 pg./mg. protein in the control nerves and between 60 and 529 pg./mg. protein in all other groups. In the three surgical groups the levels were significantly higher in proximal than in distal stumps. Following nerve injury, there was an increase in V.I.P. concentration in the injured and repaired areas. This increase was greater in injured non-repaired areas and was highest in the first 48 hours, but continued during regeneration. The accumulation of V.I.P. in divided nerves occurred in response to nerve injury.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

A comparison of human and animal mouth flora.

Human bite injuries are often believed to be more serious than animal bite injuries. One reason for this distinction might be a species difference in the microbial mouth flora. In order to compare this possibility, we cultured the mouths of humans, dogs, and cats. Human oral flora contained the smallest number of bacteria followed by dog and cat oral flora, respectively. Veillonella parvula was cultured from all humans and was also found in dog and cat mouths, but less frequently. V parvula is not usually considered a virulent organism but occasionally may become a pathogen and should not be overlooked especially following human bite injury.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Distal stenosing tenosynovitis.

Three patients are described with distal stenosing tenosynovitis involving the flexor digitorum profundus and the A3 pulley. One patient had isolated distal stenosing tenosynovitis and two patients had combined distal and proximal stenosing tenosynovitis of the flexor digitorum superficialis and the A1 pulley. All three patients with four digits involved had improvement of their symptoms after release of the A3 pulley. When involved, the A1 pulley was released at the same time. Patients with proximal stenosing tenosynovitis may have an associated distal stenosing tenosynovitis that if overlooked may cause persistence of symptoms after surgical treatment.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Recurrent anterior dislocation of the ulnar nerve at the cubital tunnel.

Recurrent anterior dislocation of the ulnar nerve at the cubital tunnel is reported in two patients. This was due to traumatic attenuation of the flexor carpi ulnaris retinaculum. The mechanism of injury in both patients was a fall with the shoulder abducted and the elbow acutely flexed. Both patients had relief of their neurologic symptoms following anterior submuscular transposition of the ulnar nerve.

Adult↗