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Biomedical subjects

G Müller

Publications and source records attributed to G Müller.

At least 505 records · Page 28Linked to original sources
PubMed1985

Immunologic status of children after splenectomy.

Fifty-six splenectomized children were reexamined to verify their immune status and were compared with a control group. Except for Werlhof's disease, there was a significantly increased serum IgG level in splenectomized children, as compared with the control group, and diminished IgA and IgM levels. Susceptibility to postoperative infections is dependent on age and underlying disease. Generally, susceptibility cannot be predicted following splenectomy in the individual case.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

Effect of HDL and LDL from pre and post menopausal women on prostacyclin synthesis.

Earlier we found LDL and HDL to differentially affect the synthesis of PGI2 from PGH2 by pig aorta microsomes and that this depended on the gender of the lipoprotein donors. Here we report there are also differences in the effects of LDL and HDL from pre- and postmenopausal women. The influence of the lipoproteins from postmenopausal women on the PGI2 formation is similar to the action of lipoproteins from men. We suggest that endogenous PGI2 formation is regulated by the sex related composition of the lipoproteins.

6-Ketoprostaglandin F1 alpha↗
PubMed1985

Divergent expression of HLA-DC/MB, -DR, and -SB region products on normal and pathological tissues as detected by monoclonal antibodies.

A group of eight monoclonal antibodies directed against different monomorphic determinants of HLA-class II molecules was used to investigate the distribution of HLA-DC/DS/MB, -DR and -SB-like antigens on normal and pathological lymphoid and nonlymphoid tissues of human adult and fetal donors. HLA-MB/DC/DS-like molecules, as defined by the antibody TU 22, showed the most limited distribution as they were detected on B-lymphocytes, monocyte/macrophage subpopulations and distinct interstitial cells of various organs. HLA-DR and -SB-like antigens characterized by the other anti-HLA-class II reagents (TU34, TU35, TU37, TU39, TU43, TU58) were also present on these cell types. However, selective expression of HLA-DR and/or -SB like molecules was demonstrated with these antibodies on certain vascular endothelia, as well as different B-cell lymphomas and distinct epithelial cells in adults. Exclusive reactivity of the antibody TU39 shown on endothelial cells of fetal liver and kidney suggested specific functions of HLA-SB antigens during ontogeny. Furthermore, HLA-DR and/or -SB like molecules but not TU22+ HLA-DC/MB antigens were found to be inducible on normally Ia-like antigen negative epithelial cells of various diseased organs. Implications of this differential tissue distribution of HLA-DC/MB/DS, -DR and -SB like products in relation to organ transplantation, regulation of immune responses and cell differentiation are discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Deletions near the albino locus on chromosome 7 of the mouse affect the level of tyrosine aminotransferase mRNA.

Overlapping chromosomal deletions at the albino locus on chromosome 7 of the mouse affect the expression of several liver enzymes, including tyrosine aminotransferase (TAT; L-tyrosine:2-oxoglutarate aminotransferase, EC 2.6.1.5). With cloned TAT DNA the integrity of the TAT structural gene and its expression and inducibility by glucocorticoids and cAMP were examined in deletion homozygous mice. No difference in the structure of the gene between normal and mutant mice was detected by Southern blotting. Severely reduced amounts of TAT mRNA were detected in homozygous mutants. The residual mRNA levels could not be modulated by glucocorticoids or cAMP. We conclude that a trans-acting control function required for expression and inducibility of mouse TAT can be assigned to the chromosomal region near the albino locus.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Cyclic AMP receptor protein from yeast mitochondria: submitochondrial localization and preliminary characterization.

We have identified and characterized a cyclic AMP receptor protein in mitochondria of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The binding is specific for cyclic nucleotides, particularly for cyclic AMP which is bound with high affinity (Kd of 10(-9) M) at 1 to 5 pmol/mg of mitochondrial protein. The mitochondrial cyclic AMP receptor is synthesized on cytoplasmic ribosomes and has an apparent molecular weight of 45,000 as determined by photoaffinity labeling. It is localized in the inner mitochondrial membrane and faces the intermembrane space. Cross-contamination of mitochondrial inner membranes by plasma membranes or soluble cytoplasmic proteins is excluded.

Binding, Competitive↗
PubMed1984

[Dihydrotachysterol poisoning].

After 13 days therapy with 30 mg dihydrotachysterol (dihydrotachysterin, AT 10 (DHT3 daily in a 33-year-old female patient a severe intoxication developed. In addition to this the patient was twice administered calcium gluconate and vitamin D. Typical clinical symptoms of the developing hypercalcaemia syndrome consisted in adynamia, vomiting and obstipation. The occurring clinical symptom and findings are discussed on the basis of recent knowledge concerning efficacy and metabolism of DHT3 as well as vitamin D3.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

[The pancreatic lipase/colipase system].

Pancreatic lipase (triacylglycerol-acylhydrolase EC 3.1.1.3) hydrolyzes triglycerides on the lipid-water-boundary surfaces of micelles. The adsorption of the pancreatic lipase to the triglyceride boundary surfaces is inhibited by bile acid salts. Whereas colipase can be bound to boundary surfaces covered by bile acids and to pancreatic lipase. Colipase eliminates the inhibitory effect of physiologic concentrations of bile acid salts on the activity of lipase. The lipolysis by pancreatic lipase is characterized by activation of products and a biphasic kinetics. Extrapancreatic lipases of tongue, pharynx, oesophagus and stomach evoke the lipolysis of the fats contained in food.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

[Metabolic effects of orotic acid].

Orotic acid is an important representative of the pyrimidines, the pathophysiological importance of which is less well-known in comparison to the purines. Increases of the excretion of orotic acid in the urine are found e.g. in enzyme defects of the urea cycle, of the orotate phosphoribosyl transferase or the orotidin-5'-monophosphate decarboxylase. Numerous enzymatic systems of the liver are influenced by supply of orotic acid. Toxic influences on the liver may be reduced by orotic acid. In rats orotic acid induces a fatty degeneration of the liver by disturbances of the secretion of lipoproteids. The oxidation of fatty acid by hepatic mitochondria is also reduced by orotic acid. In the blood a decrease of the serum lipid concentrations develops. The effect of the orotic acid in combination with clofibrinic acid was controlled in the double-blind test in patients with hyperlipoproteinaemias. In patients with hyperlipoproteinaemia type V a drastic decrease of the serum lipid concentrations developed and the chylomicrons disappeared from the fasting serum.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

[Treatment of breast cancer at the 1st Gynecology Clinic at the University of Vienna].

Since 1979 diagnosis, operative therapy and postoperative treatment and follow-up is performed at the Ist University-Clinic of Obstetrics and Gynecology in Vienna. This management brought a close cooperation with radiologists and other oncotherapists. A standard operation method, in our case a modified radical mastectomy with a complete dissection of the axilla after radioisotope marking of the axillary lymph nodes enables us to perform a randomised prospective study of adjuvant therapy. Though the observation time is relatively short, first results show, that metastases or local recurrences were observed only in the non-treated control group. That leads in our opinion to the cautious conclusion, that any form of adjuvant therapy is of therapeutic value. Which form of adjuvant therapy should be qualified best cannot be decided yet because of the too short follow-up period.

Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols↗
PubMed1984

[1st results with the Treponema pallidum hemagglutination (TPHA) test in blood stains].

Bloodstains were produced from probationers who had had syphilis at some time in their lives and from others whose anamnesis had no indication of syphilis. After storage the stain eluates underwent the treponema-pallidum-haemagglutination (TPHA) test, with the eluates' IgG content being adapted to a concentration adequate to the test conditions. The results received from the stain eluates of the previous syphilis patients corresponded in 85% of the cases with the serum findings of these probationers. It appears that the TPHA test can already provide clues as to the identity of an unknown stain producer at the beginning of the police investigation. Methodical parallels to dried-blood tests of syphilis as a clinical problem will be discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

[Parenchyma pattern and breast cancer. Analyses and consequences].

500 mammograms were analysed according to Wolfe, with additional mastography group. The mammogram documented a risk pattern which correlated to the statistic increase in carcinoma. Our own experience also showed no correlation between simple mastopathy and carcinoma of the breast. Therefore, the risk pattern should be regarded as part of the known risk factors and should indicate selective screening at a yearly interval, even if clinical examinations are negative.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Specificity and mechanism of ferrioxamine-mediated iron transport in Streptomyces pilosus.

Although the ferrioxamines are an important and well-characterized class of siderophores produced by several species of Nocardia, Streptomyces, Micromonospora, Arthrobacter, Chromobacterium, and Pseudomonas, no studies of the mechanism of ferrioxamine-mediated iron uptake have been performed for an organism which produces the siderophore. This is the first report of metal transport in Streptomyces pilosus mediated by the native ferrioxamines B, D1, D2, and E. 55Fe accumulation in these ferrioxamines was dependent on metabolic energy and was a saturable process with increasing complex concentration. The apparent Km for [55Fe]ferrioxamine B uptake was approximately 0.2 microM. Both chromic desferriferrioxamine B and [67Ga]desferriFerrioxamine B were transported at rates similar to those of the 55Fe complexes: this implies that no decomplexation or reduction of the metal ion is required for transport, since the chromic complexes are kinetically inert and the gallium complexes have no stable divalent state as a possible reduction product. In addition, isomers of inert chromic desferriferrioxamine B complexes were used to probe the stereospecificity of the ferrioxamine uptake system. The chromic complexes were separated into three fractions by cationic exchange chromatography and assigned as two cis and a (mixture of) trans geometrical isomer(s) by their visible spectra. [55Fe]ferrioxamine B uptake was equally inhibited by each isomer, suggesting that no differentiation between cis and trans geometrical isomers occurs. In the presence of chromic desferriferrioxamine B isomers, the uptake rates for 55Fe-labeled ferrioxamines E, D1, and D2 were even more strongly reduced than was that for [55Fe]ferrioxamine B itself. From these results we conclude that all the ferrioxamines tested are transported into the cells by the same uptake system.

Biological Transport↗
PubMed1984

Iron transport in Streptomyces pilosus mediated by ferrichrome siderophores, rhodotorulic acid, and enantio-rhodotorulic acid.

Streptomyces pilosus is one of several microbes which produce ferrioxamine siderophores. In the accompanying paper (G. Müller and K. Raymond, J. Bacteriol. 160:304-312), the mechanism of iron uptake mediated by the endogenous ferrioxamines B, D1, D2, and E was examined. Here we report iron transport behavior in S. pilosus as mediated by the exogenous siderophores ferrichrome, ferrichrysin, rhodotorulic acid (RA), and synthetic enantio-RA. In each case iron acquisition depended on metabolic energy and had uptake rates comparable to that of [55Fe]ferrioxamine B. However, the synthetic ferric enantio-RA (which has the same preferred chirality at the metal center as ferrichrome) was twice as effective in supplying iron as was the natural ferric RA complex, suggesting that stereospecific recognition at the metal center is involved in the transport process. Iron uptake mediated by ferrichrome and ferric enantio-RA was strongly inhibited by kinetically inert chromic complexes of desferrioxamine B. These inhibition experiments indicate that iron from these exogenous siderophores is transported by the same uptake system as ferrioxamine B. Since the ligands have no structural similarity to ferrioxamine B except for the presence of three hydoxamate groups, we conclude that only the hydroxamate iron center and its direct surroundings are important for recognition and uptake. This hypothesis is supported by the fact that ferrichrome A and ferrirubin, which are both substituted at the hydroxamate carbonyl groups, were not (or were poorly) effective in supplying iron to S. pilosus.

Deferoxamine↗
PubMed1984

Maternal hyperventilation as a possible cause of fetal tachycardia sub partu. A clinical and experimental study.

Examination of 28 agitated, hyperventilating patients with fetal tachycardia showed that the mothers were in a hyperventilation-related state of hypocapnia and alkalosis. The mean maternal pCO2 was 17.48 +/- 6.79 mm Hg, the pH 7.54 +/- 0.14, which caused a reflex spasm of the umbilical veins, fetal acidosis and fetal tachycardia. Additional experiments on sheep revealed a similar correlation between maternal hyperventilation, hypocapnia, respiratory alkalosis and fetal tachycardia while the flow volume of the uterus showed no change.

Alkalosis, Respiratory↗
PubMed1984

[Sulfated macromolecules in connective tissue and their metabolism].

Sulfated macromolecules are one of the major constituents of the extracellular matrix of connective tissue. The degree of sulfation is responsible for the physico-chemical properties of the extracellular matrix. Especially the fixed charged groups contribute to the reversible compressibility of the cartilage. The sulfation may play also a role in the regulation of metabolic pathways. The derivatives of sulfate are formed by the help of specific sulfotransferases, transferring the "active" sulfate group from PAPS to the macromolecules. Too low an activity of certain sulfotransferases is responsible for some types of spondyloepiphyseal dysplasia, and too low a concentration of PAPS leads to dwarfism. The sulfate groups of the macromolecules are degraded by specific sulfatases. A genetically caused deficiency in one of these enzymes (mucopolysaccharidoses) is frequently associated with skeletal deformities. The amount and composition of proteoglycans is altered in the ontogenesis. Similar alterations are associated with ageing and arthrotic processes, being difficult to differentiate. The characterization of the alterations in degenerative joint diseases, especially, is important for ethiopathogenetic studies. The most widely used methods for the determination of sulfated macromolecules and particularly analytical parameters of the sulfate metabolism are described.

Arylsulfatases↗