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Biomedical subjects

G McCoy

Publications and source records attributed to G McCoy.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2000

Diverticulitis and polycystic kidney disease.

Patients with adult polycystic kidney disease (PKD) have previously been shown to have an increased incidence of complicated diverticulitis after renal transplantation. The purpose of this study was to assess the risk of diverticulitis in the PKD population. We retrospectively reviewed patients with advanced PKD, defined as end-stage renal failure requiring dialysis. Patients were obtained from a single nephrology group practice between January 1985 and January 1997, or from all patients being evaluated or actively considered for renal transplantation at our institution as of May 1997. The incidence and severity of diverticulitis in these patients was compared with that observed in a similar cohort of patients with end-stage renal disease due to other etiologies. The study population consisted of 184 renal failure patients, 59 with PKD and 125 with other causes of end-stage renal disease. Twelve (20%) patients with PKD had a history of active diverticulitis, whereas only 4 (3%) of the non-PKD controls had diverticulitis (P = 0.0003, Fisher's exact test). Six of the 12 PKD patients required surgical intervention. Patients with renal failure due to PKD experience a significantly higher rate of diverticulitis than do other patients with end-stage renal disease. Furthermore, diverticulitis is frequently severe in PKD patients, with 50 per cent requiring surgical intervention. These data suggest that diverticular disease may be an extrarenal manifestation of polycystic kidney disease.

Case-Control Studies↗
PubMed1997

Loss of flexor pollicis longus function after plating of the radius. Report of six cases.

Six cases of loss of flexor pollicis longus function after plating of a radius fracture are presented. The exact aetiology of the postoperative deficit is uncertain, but is probably a traction neuropraxia of the anterior interosseous nerve branches to the flexor pollicis longus. All six patients had full recovery within 5 months. An initial conservative approach is recommended if this complication is encountered.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1997

CQI by committee: a multidisciplinary approach.

Developing a continuous quality improvement program in preparation for a JCAHO survey can be a perplexing and sometimes redundant talk, especially if you're trying to define and remedy a new problem with old tools. Here's how one laboratory found a fresh approach to CQI by finding out what other hospital departments thought of the laboratory's service.

Clinical Laboratory Information Systems↗
PubMed1997

Taking responsibility for occlusion: the perfect occlusion.

Patients free from occlusal dysfunction rarely have their teeth together. But, when occlusion does occur (i.e., swallowing), the contacts should be simultaneous and in such a manner as to direct the vector of force down the long axis of the tooth or implant. The incline planes should not touch.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

The changing pattern of paramilitary punishments in Northern Ireland.

Paramilitary punishments in Northern Ireland traditionally involved shooting in the limbs with low-velocity handguns. During the recent IRA ceasefire they were replaced with beatings by clubs and similar objects. We carried out a retrospective review of patients who had suffered punishment beatings who presented to the Royal Victoria Hospital, Belfast. Patients were more likely to have fractures and more severe soft-tissue injuries. The time spent in hospital was often longer, and there was a greater chance of requiring operations (often multiple).

Fractures, Bone↗
PubMed1995

Chronic polychlorinated biphenyls exposure on three generations of oldfield mice (Peromyscus polionotus): effects on reproduction, growth, and body residues.

Effects of chronic dietary exposure to low levels of PCBs (polychlorinated biphenyls) on reproduction, growth and whole body burdens were investigated in three generations of Peromyscus polionotus. Mated pairs were maintained on a diet containing 5 mg/kg PCBs (Aroclor 1254) for 12 months, beginning exposure as young adults; matched controls received a similar diet without PCBs. Offspring were maintained on the parental regime and paired at maturity with non-siblings in the same group. In first and second generation offspring, birth and weaning weights were significantly lower in PCB-exposed animals; in the second generation, there were also significantly fewer mice born/month, longer intervals prior to birth of the first litter, and decreased survival to weaning (25 days) among exposed mice. Whole body residue of PCBs increased significantly with each generation of exposure. This study clearly shows that chronic exposure to PCBs at a dosage of 5 mg/kg depressed fertility, growth and survival in Peromyscus, and that these effects were amplified through multigenerational exposure.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

Haemoprotein-mediated metabolism of enamines and the possible involvement of one-electron oxidations.

1. Microsomal metabolism of 1-benzylpiperidine (1-BP), its cis-2,6-dimethyl (cis-2,6-DMBP), 4,4-dimethyl (4,4-DMBP), and alpha, alpha-dimethyl (alpha, alpha-DMBP) analogues, and phencyclidine (PCP) has been studied to assess the involvement of P450 oxidation of the enamine tautomers of the initial endocyclic iminium metabolites. 2. The selective prevention by cyanide of the metabolite production of 1-benzyl-3-piperidone but not 1-benzyl-3-piperidinol from 1-BP is consistent with the enamine as the source of the 3-one metabolite. 3. The parent amines and particularly the independently prepared iminium species induced a pattern of metabolism-dependent irreversible inactivation of P450 benz-phetamine demethylase activity, consistent with involvement of enamine C-3 oxidation in the inactivation process. 4. Substrate activity of the endocyclic enamines and alpha-aminoketones (presumably the enol-enamine tautomers) for horseradish peroxidase under conditions where simple aliphatic amines display no activity is consistent with metabolic one-electron oxidations of the enamines.

Amines↗
PubMed1994

Discern--an integrated prospective decision support system.

We present a new integrated decision support tool, called Discern, for prospective case management within a comprehensive Healthcare Network Architecture (HNA). Discern is an event-driven, expert system tightly integrated into this architecture. It can perform a variety of actions including generating alerts, ordering tests, and entering results. Over 100 institutions use Discern to automate care processes. Discern was designed to meet the demanding requirements for effective decision support.

Decision Making, Computer-Assisted↗
PubMed1992

Cardiopulmonary resuscitation during pregnancy.

Cardiopulmonary arrest during pregnancy, although relatively rare, poses a unique challenge to the obstetric nurse. Resuscitation measures attempt to restore maternal hemodynamic stability and promote fetal well-being. Prognosis is improved when those caring for such women possess the knowledge and skills necessary to implement basic and advanced resuscitation protocols. This chapter reviews significant physiologic alterations in pregnancy that have an impact on resuscitation and cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) algorithms for selected pulseless rhythms. As critical care capabilities continue to develop within obstetric units, it is reasonable to predict that obstetric nurses will face this challenge with increasing frequency.

Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation↗
PubMed1983

Limited surgical intervention in the prune belly syndrome.

Experience with 16 males with prune belly syndrome reveals that half have done well without any surgical treatment. The authors felt that two patients had unnecessary loop cutaneous ureterostomies--and inappropriate operation for these children. Urethral obstruction was found in two boys. Four neonates died of severe renal dysplasia. Although the distal ureters are dilated, they adequately conduct urine and seldom need shortening, tailoring, and reimplantation.

Adult↗