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Biomedical subjects

G Olivetti

Publications and source records attributed to G Olivetti.

At least 127 records · Page 7Linked to original sources
PubMed1980

Morphometry of the renal corpuscle during postnatal growth and compensatory hypertrophy.

Morphometry was used to measure the growth changes in renal corpuscle and glomerular size and composition in outer, middle, and inner cortical layers during postnatal development in normal and mononephrectomized rats. Glomerular growth was 4.16-fold in normal rats and 6.12-fold after nephrectomy. The cell populations in glomeruli showed distinctly different growth patterns. Cellular hypertrophy and hyperplasia during normal growth were 2.72 and 1.52 for epithelial cells, 0.93 and 3.70 for endothelial cells, and 1.28 and 2.65 for mesangial cells; corresponding values during stimulated growth were 2.75 and 1.92, 1.19 and 4.11, and 1.65 and 3.09. A linear transcortical gradient of corpuscle diameters was found in young animals and normal adults, with the mean volume of juxtamedullary renal corpuscles two times greater than that of subcapsular corpuscles in all animal groups. Despite their size variation, a striking transcortical uniformity was evident in the composition of glomeruli in each group with respect to the volume fractions and mean cell volume in each cell population, the volume and surface density of basement membrane, the volume and length density of capillary loops, the volume fraction of mesangial matrix, and the division of basement membrane into peripheral and axial portions.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

Sarcoid granulomatous nephritis with isolated and reversible renal failure. A case report.

A case of reversible renal failure due to sarcoid granulomatous nephritis is described. The patient, a 21-year-old student, was admitted with renal insuffciency (GFR = 25 ml/min); no damage was found in any organ except for slightly enlarged pulmonary hilar lymph nodes. Repeated percutaneous renal biopsies showed an interstitial noncaseating granulomatous nephritis. Steroid therapy provided rapid improvement and the diagnosis of sarcoidosis was established. Complete recovery of renal function with normal urinalyses was seen.

Acute Kidney Injury↗
PubMed1980

Morphometric study of early postnatal development of the thoracic aorta in the rat.

Tissue, cellular, and subcellular morphometry of the thoracic aorta in 1-, 5- and 11-day-old rats was used to quantify the cellular hypertrophy and proliferation of smooth muscle cells and the absolute increases in volume of elastic laminase and collagen during the early postnatal period. In the 1- to 5-day interval, total wall volume increased 2.9-fold, wall thickness and the number of smooth muscle cells doubled, mean cell volume increased by 40%, and the volumes of elastic laminae and collagen increased 3.7- and 3.3-fold, respectively. From 5 to 11 days, circumferential growth of the aortic wall, without further thickening, produced smaller and unequal growth increments of each of its component structures, with increases in collagen (3.2-fold) > elastic laminae (2.3-fold) > muscle cells (1.6-fold). In the overall growth of smooth muscle cells (4.6-fold) from 1 to 11 days, only the cytoplasmic volume fractions of glycogen aggregates and rough endoplasmic reticulum were altered significantly (-76%, +32%). Certain aspects of normal postnatal aortic growth paralleled the response of adult aorta to experimentally induced hypertension.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

Mesangioproliferative glomerulonephritis.

UNLABELLED: The clinical and bioptic aspects of 211 cases of primary mesangioproliferative glomerulonephritis with urinary abnormalities lasting mre than 1 year were reviewed. We observed the following clinical syndromes: 1) Persistent proteinuria, isolated or with microhematuria: - a) with latent onset: 39% with hypertension (H); 10% with renal failure (RF); - b) with acute nephritic syndrome at onset: 31% with H; 6% with RF; 2) Recurrent macroscopic hematuria: 26% with H; 10% with RF; 3) Nephrotic syndrome: 70% with H; 29% with RF. The histological lesions, diffuse in all cases, appeared unrelated to the clinical syndromes and/or immunofluorescent patterns. In 65 cases with prevalent mesangial deposits of IgA, 46% showed persistent proteinuria with latent onset, 23% persistent proteinuria with acute nephritic syndrome at onset, 28% recurrent hematuria and 3% nephrotic syndrome. 37% of such patients developed H, 14% RF and 6% remission (R). On the other hand in 65 patients with other deposits the clinical aspects were as follows: persistent proteinuria with latent onset: 46%; persistent proteinuria with acute nephritic syndrome at onset: 31%; recurrent hematuria: 17%; nephrotic syndrome: 6%. 35% of these cases displayed H; 9% RF and 8% R. CONCLUSION: primary mesangioproliferative glomerulonephritis appears to represent a heterogeneous group with only the morphological aspects in common and associated with one of the three above-mentioned clinical syndromes. Immunohistology shows different Ig and/or complement which bear no specific relationship with clinical courses. In particular IgA deposits are present in 50% of the cases and are only related to higher incidence of recurrent hematuria and abnormal IgA serum levels.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

Morphometry of medial hypertrophy in the rat thoracic aorta.

Surgical constriction of the subdiaphragmatic aorta in young adult male rats induced a 54 per cent hypertrophy (39 per cent thickening) of the wall of the thoracic aorta in 8 days, with no increase in the number of elastic lamellae. Morphometric analysis of the aorta wall showed volume increases of its component smooth muscle cells (57 per cent) elastic laminae (30 per cent), collagen (136 per cent), and endothelium plus subendothelial space (40 per cent). Mean cell volume of smooth muscle cells increased 55 per cent from 272 +/- 11 to 421 +/- 21 cu. mum. (p less than 0.005). The number of smooth muscle cells per centimeter of length of thoracic aorta was 4.2 +/- 0.3 x 10(6) in both control and experimental animals. Thus, aortic medial hypertrophy following aortic stenosis included enlargement but no proliferation of smooth muscle cells. Absolute volume increases in the average smooth muscle cell included the nucleus (27 per cent), myofilaments (47 per cent), mitochondria (62 per cent), rough endoplasmic reticulum (246 per cent), smooth endoplasmic reticulum (23 per cent), and caveolae (37 per cent).

Animals↗
PubMed1979

[Cytosegregosomes in the kidney tubule cells in a case of acute renal insufficiency (ARI) caused by gentamycin].

The Authors describe one case of acute renal insufficiency in a patient treated with high doses of gentamicin over a period of three weeks. The documentation includes electron microscope observations of needle biopsy material revealing the presence of electron-dense masses (cytosegregosomes) in the epithelial cells of the proximal renal tubules, such as had previously been described only in animal experiments and human autopsy studies. The clinical course and favorable outcome of this case of gentamicin-induced renal failuse afford the opportunity for some interesting considerations concerning the kinetics and toxic proclivities of this aminoglycoside antibiotic.

Acute Kidney Injury↗
PubMed1978

Unusual immunologic findings in familial Mediterranean fever.

Familial Mediterranean fever (FMF) is an inherited disease of unknown etiology. We report a case in which, during an acute febrile attack, rheumatoid factor and immunoglobulin levels rose, and the levels of complement components fell. The level of urinary fibrinogen degradation products also increased, and all results of tests returned to normal at the end of the acute attack. This suggests that an immunologic phenomenon may play a substantial role in the etiology of FMF.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

Nephrotoxicity of chromium. Remarks on an experimental and epidemiological investigation.

Observations conducted on a group of workers exposed to chromium (who showed a rapid urinary excretion of the metal and progressive increase of clearance with cumulative years of exposure), induced the authors to evaluate the nephrotoxic action of chromium in rats exposed to acute and chronic intoxication. The progressive Cr accumulation in the renal cortex during the course of testing explains the increase of the excreted fraction of filtered Cr, and therefore, the clearance, of the metal through the reduction of the tubular lumen-epithelium gradient. Paralleling the anatomical lesions (demonstrated only at the level of the proximal tubular cells), are the increasing modifications of the cellular lesion or altered reabsorption registered by several urinary indicators. Similar changes were found in subjects chronically exposed to the metal; their reversibility is linked to the possibility of repairing the epithelial damage by stopping exposure.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

Morphometry of the renal corpuscle during normal postnatal growth and compensatory hypertrophy. A light microscope study.

Renal corpuscles from the juxtamedullary and subcapsular regions of the renal cortex were morphometrically analyzed in young rats and in adult rats that had been unilaterally nephrectomized or sham-operated at an early age. Mean corpuscular volumes increased 4.5-fold during normal development, and 7.7-fold as a result of compensatory hypertrophy in both cortical regions. Relative and absolute volumes were determined for Bowman's space, the glomerular tuft, and five glomerular components: epithelial, endothelial, and mesangial cells, capillaries, and the filtration membrane. Normal and hypertrophic enlargement of Bowman's space was slightly greater than glomerular growth, and the growth response of subcapsular glomeruli was greater than that of juxtamedullary glomeruli. The ratio of mean glomerular volumes between outer and inner glomeruli was 1:2 in both adult groups. Both adult groups also developed nearly identical proportions of all glomerular component structures, representing a relative decrease of epithelial cells and increase of capillaries compared to the young animals. Normal and hypertrophic maturation involved absolute increases in all glomerular cell populations, the length of capillary loops and the surface area of the filtration membrane, all nearly in proportion to the respective four- and seven-fold increases in glomerular volume. Changes in the filtration surface area are consistent with published data for glomerular filtration rates in normal and hypertrophied kidneys. The mean cell size in epithelial and mesangial populations doubled during growth, but was not greater than normal in mononephrectomized rats. Hyperplasia among all populations of glomerular cells is indicated in normal growth, and to a greater extent in compensatory renal hypertrophy.

Aging↗
PubMed1977

Clinical, histopathological, and biochemical findings in Fabry's disease. A case report and family study.

An extensive enzymatic and morphological study was performed in a 38-year-old patient with Fabry's disease (FD). The quantitative evaluation of the enzyme alpha-galactosidase was shown to be important in identifying the genetic distribution of FD in the family tree of the patient under study. An enzymatic activity less than 0.5 nanomole/hr/10(6) cells and ranging from 2.2 to 1.1 nanomoles/hr/10(6) cells was found in the affected males and the heterozygous females, respectively. alpha-galactosidase activity in the patient's leukocytes correlates well with the histopathological findings of the kidney and skin biopsy specimens, thus demonstrating the need for both of these special examinations for a correct diagnosis of FD.

Adult↗