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Biomedical subjects

G Pavesi

Publications and source records attributed to G Pavesi.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1990

[Peripheral neuropathy with mixed cryoglobulinemia].

Among 54 patients with mixed cryoglobulinemia a peripheral neuropathy was demonstrated in 23 patients (42.6%). Five patients had a secondary form while the majority (18) had essential cryoglobulinemia. The immunoglobulin components were polyclonal in 5 cases, only present in trace amounts in 5 and of type II in 13 patients. Fifteen patients had symptoms of polyneuropathy, but in 18 cases the symptomatology had symmetrical features and in two cases asymmetrical characteristics. In 8 patients a mono-polyneuropathy was observed. The most significant electrophysiological finding was the decreased amplitude of the sensory action potential of the sural nerve, which we observed in 95% of the instances, whereas a decreased sensory conduction velocity was seen in 8/23 cases only. A biopsy of the sural nerve, performed in eleven cases, always showed abnormal epi- and endoneurial vessels. Epineurial vessel vasculitis was found in 4 cases and fibrous thickening of the vessel wall in two cases. Endothelial swelling of the endoneurial vessels was observed in 7 patients and luminal obliteration in 3 samples. Axonal degeneration demonstrated in 7 of the 11 processed sample tissues was the main pathological finding. Signs of de/remyelination were associated in 3 cases, and were the dominant lesions in a single specimen. The simultaneous biopsy of the peroneus brevis muscle showed signs of denervation in all samples, vasculitis in 7 cases and deposits of filaments plus annular bodies of the vessel wall in 2 samples. All these data support the hypothesis that ischaemic damage may be the final common pathway of the majority of peripheral neuropathies in mixed cryoglobulinemia patients.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

[Preliminary experiences of the University of Parma study group on "The diagnosis and treatment of chronic constipation"].

The authors present a report of their study on a group of patients affected by serious chronic constipation undergoing multidisciplinary evaluation by a radiologist, a neurologist and, if necessary, also a psychiatrist. From June 1989 to October 1990, 40 patients were examined using anal manometry, intestinal transit time, proctogram and electromyography of the pelvic floor. The examinations carried out by the different specialists led to the following results: 10 patients were found to be affected by slowed transit due to right colon constipation; in 16 cases, spastic pelvic floor syndrome (S.P.F.S.) was diagnosed; 5 subjects showed a rectocele which in 3 was associated with S.P.F.S.; 3 patients presented with an anterior rectal prolapse; in 6 cases the diagnosis was perineal descent syndrome, associated in 3 cases with S.P.F.S.; the remaining 6 subjects manifested a diminished ampullary sensitivity. This experience reveals the complexity of the alterations that, alone or in association, cause chronic idiopathic constipation. The authors' conclusion is that a correct diagnostic approach requires close collaboration between various specialists, who, by careful examination of different aspects of the colo-recto-anal region, arrive at an accurate physiopathological diagnosis leading to the most suitable therapy.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

[Masseteric responses following electrical stimulation of the scalp].

Electromyographic responses of the masseter muscles following electric transcranial stimulations by a conventional constant current stimulator were recorded with surface and needle electrodes. Ipsilateral motor evoked responses following both anodic and cathodic bipolar electrical stimulations performed at 7 and 11 cm laterally to the vertex on the biauricular line were recorded, with latencies ranging from 2 to 3.6 ms. Contralateral responses were not elicited. The ipsilateral responses to stimuli were ascribed to direct stimulation of the trigeminal nerve, probably its intracisternal portion.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

[Magnetic stimulation of the scalp: the responses of the masseter muscles. I].

Magnetic stimulation of nervous elements is a new neurophysiological technique. It easily succeeds in stimulating the brain motor cortex. We applied this technique to the trigeminal motor system, recording responses in masseter muscles. The magnetic stimulations at 4 cm laterally to the vertex on the biauricular line elicited responses in the contralateral masseter due to activation of motor cortex or adjacent elements along the cortico-nuclear pathway. The ipsilateral responses to the same stimuli and to more lateral ones presented shorter latencies and they were ascribed to direct stimulation of the trigeminal nerve, probably its intracisternal portion. The latency values were 6.9 +/- 0.71 ms and 3.6 +/- 0.3 ms respectively.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

[Magnetic stimulation of the scalp: the responses of the masseter muscles. II].

Magnetic stimulation of nervous elements is a new technique of investigation in intact alert man. Electromyographic responses of the masseter muscles were recorded in normal volunteers and in two patients with hemispheric or capsular lesions, both by surface and needle electrodes. In the patients "cortical" responses were absent when stimulating the affected hemisphere and present when stimulating the unaffected one. These findings suggest that the direct facilitating cortico-nuclear projections for the masseter muscle are mainly crossed. Nevertheless the presence of clear ipsilateral responses after stimulation of the unaffected hemisphere demonstrates the existence of uncrossed projections; in fact only the ipsilateral motor cortex can be the site of origin of the responses in these patients.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Internal neurolysis and flexor tenosynovectomy: adjuncts in the treatment of chronic median nerve compression at the wrist in hemodialysis patients.

This retrospective clinical study reports our results with surgical treatment of chronic median nerve compression at the wrist in 27 hemodialysis patients with a mean follow-up of 22 months. Due to the high incidence of amyloidosis in our patient population, an extensive tenosynovectomy was done in all patients. Statistically significantly (P = .03) better results were obtained when a microsurgical internal neurolysis was added to the procedure, than simple decompression alone (82% vs. 63% good to excellent results).

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Carpal tunnel syndrome in long-term hemodialyzed patients.

The etiopathology, clinical features, and treatment of carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) in long-term hemodialyzed patients, are discussed in the light of new clinical findings. Conclusions summarizing the specific characteristics of CTS in hemodialyzed patients include the following. 1) There is a relatively equal sex ratio of patients. 2) The pathogenesis is complex and includes a) the presence of hemodynamic alterations related to the AV fistula; b) the presence of beta 2 M amyloid deposits related to biocompatibility of the dialysis membranes; and c) a correlation between CTS and the duration of hemodialysis related to years and hours/week. 3) A dramatic increase of CTS incidence occurs after five years of dialysis treatment. Prevention as a realistic goal in dialysis CTS is discussed, and specific recommendations are offered by the authors.

Aged↗
PubMed1987

Single sweep analysis of visual evoked potentials through a model of parametric identification.

An original method is presented for the single sweep analysis of visual evoked potentials (VEP's). The introduced algorithm bases upon an AutoRegressive with eXogenous input (ARX) modeling. A Least Squares procedure estimates the coefficients of the model and allows to obtain a complete black-box description of the signal generation mechanism, besides providing a filtered version of the single sweep potential. The performance of the algorithm is verified on proper simulation tests and the experimental results put into evidence the noticeable improvement of signal-to-noise ratio with a consequent better recognition of the classical parameters of the peaks (latencies and amplitudes). The possibility of measuring these parameters on a single sweep basis enables to evaluate the dynamics of the Central Nervous System response during the entire course of the examination. A classification of the estimated evoked potentials in a small number of subsets, on the basis of their morphology, is also possible.

Algorithms↗
PubMed1987

Polyneuropathy and systemic vasculitis. An electrophysiological study.

A review of cases of systemic vasculitis followed for one year in a rheumatology department resulted in the detection of 18 patients who on the clinical and electrophysiological evidence had symmetrical distal polyneuropathy. A moderate impairment of the motor conduction velocity was present in 7 patients, with electromyographic neurogenic changes in the distal lower limbs of all but one patient. The sensory action potential of the sural nerve was bilaterally absent in one case, and its amplitude was reduced in 14 out of 16 patients, with a decreased sensory conduction velocity in 9 cases. The sural nerve biopsy, performed in 6 patients, was prevalently suggestive of previous axonal degeneration. This investigation illustrates the spectrum of diffuse peripheral nerve involvement associated with systemic vasculitis. A variable impairment of the sensory action potential, ranging from slight decrease of amplitude to no response, is the most common finding. Conduction velocities appear to be relatively spared.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Clinical-electrophysiological correlations in the carpal tunnel syndrome.

56 patients with carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) with 84 hands affected were investigated. All patients were assessed clinically and electromyographically in order to find out whether there is a correlation between clinical signs and/or symptoms and the EMG data. A highly significant correlation was found between sensory deficit (hypoesthesia to touch and/or pain) and the amplitude of SAP and a significant correlation between motor deficits (weakness and/or atrophy) and distal motor latency.

Carpal Tunnel Syndrome↗
PubMed1984

Intravenous ketoprofen in renal colic: a placebo-controlled pilot study.

In a double-blind trial 30 patients with renal colic were allocated at random to receive 200 mg of ketoprofen, 1 gm of lysine acetylsalicylate, or placebo by intravenous bolus injection. The patients were asked to rate their pain at intervals within three hours of injection and to indicate on a visual analogue scale the overall pain relief obtained. Both ketoprofen and lysine acetylsalicylate proved significantly more effective than placebo, with no apparent difference between them. Complete relief of pain was obtained in seven of ten patients in each of the active treatment groups compared with only one of ten patients given placebo. No untoward events were observed in any patient.

Adult↗