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Biomedical subjects

G Pozza

Publications and source records attributed to G Pozza.

At least 235 records · Page 13Linked to original sources
PubMed1987

Plasma protein glycation as measured by fructosamine assay.

The fructosamine test for assessing control of glucose in blood has been extensively evaluated, but some questions remain regarding its validity. From the analytical and clinical evaluation we present here, we conclude that: the test is sensitive to variations in the composition of the sample protein; the fructosamine reaction is almost completely unaffected by labile fractions; the concentrations of fructosamine correlate well with the degree of glycation of total serum proteins, especially with glycated albumins and glycated immunoglobulins, as determined by affinity chromatography; the correlation with glycated hemoglobin (Hb A1c), measured as the stable fraction, is very poor, in diabetics treated with insulin (r = 0.373), or with oral hypoglycemic agents (r = 0.390); and (e) fructosamine and Hb A1c are, in fact, expressions of different periods of metabolic control and therefore have different clinical meanings.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

Effects of oral administration of maltitol on plasma glucose, plasma sorbitol, and serum insulin levels in man.

The present study was aimed to investigate the metabolic effects of acute and chronic oral administration of maltitol (4-O-i-D-glucopyranosyl-D-glucitol), a hypocaloric sweetener obtained from maltose by catalytic hydrogenation. Fifty grams of maltitol induced a increase lower glycemic and insulinemic than the same dose of glucose or sucrose. No variations of plasma glucose and serum insulin levels were observed after 180 min. A slight increase of plasma maltitol was observed 45 min after maltitol. The chronic administration of maltitol (10 g 3 X daily for 5 days) induced no variations of glycemia or insulinemia when compared with the same dose of sucrose. Plasma sorbitol levels were slightly higher after maltitol than after sucrose. Low amounts of maltitol were detected in the urine and feces.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1986

Abnormal cardiovascular response to exercise in young asymptomatic diabetic patients with retinopathy.

Heart rate, blood pressure, and left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) were measured by means of Au 195 m first-pass angiocardiography, during maximal supine bicycle exercise in 20 young asymptomatic patients with insulin-dependent diabetes (IDD) (10 retinopathic and 10 uncomplicated) and in 10 control subjects. Five patients with retinopathic IDD also had mild subclinical autonomic neuropathy. Exercise capacity was diminished, although not significantly, in patients with retinopathic IDD. Heart rate and LVEF were similar in all groups at rest and at submaximal exercise. At peak exercise patients with retinopathic IDD had significantly lower heart rate (134 +/- 4 bpm) and LVEF (62.9 +/- 3.7%) than those with umcomplicated IDD (158 +/- 8 bpm and 76.6 +/- 2.4%, respectively) and control subjects (152 +/- 6 bpm and 73.5 +/- 1.9%, respectively). LVEF increased vs baseline in all control subjects and patients with uncomplicated IDD, but in only three with retinopathic IDD. Leg muscle blood flow (MBF) was also evaluated at rest and during exercise by 133Xe washout. Exercise MBF was significantly lower in patients with retinopathic IDD (40.5 +/- 2.23 ml X min-1 X 100 gm-1) than in control subjects (49.9 +/- 1.87 ml X min-1 X 100 gm-1) and in those with uncomplicated IDD (49.0 +/- 1.87 ml X min-1 X 100 gm-1). Diffuse microangiopathy, alone or in combination with neuropathy, might be responsible for the impairment of cardiovascular function in diabetes.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Early improvement of left ventricular function during caloric restriction in obesity.

Left ventricular function (LVF) was studied in 25 obese patients (four males and 21 females) by serial poligraphic measurements, namely systolic time intervals (STI), during a short period of dieting (2721 kJ/day (650 kcal/day) as single daily meal regimen). In the same period, all the patients underwent also three standardized exercise tests at the cycloergometer. At the end of the study (20th day), statistically significant differences were obtained in weight loss (P less than 0.001); two main parameters of STI, namely pre-ejection period index (PEPI) and PEP/LVET ratio were lowered (P less than 0.001): furthermore, peak and recovery systolic blood pressure (SBP) and heart rate (HR) during exercising, were also significantly reduced. These data suggest that an improvement of LVF and cardiac performance are present since the early phases of caloric restriction in obesity.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

Serum ferritin in type I diabetes.

The concentration and degree of glycosylation of serum ferritin was evaluated in type I male diabetic patients at different levels of glycaemic control. Serum ferritin did not appear to be affected by hyperglycaemia, but some patients undergoing photocoagulation had abnormally high levels of serum ferritin. The glycosylated, (concanavalin A binding), proportion of serum ferritin was essentially the same in the control and diabetic groups. The finding that hyperglycaemia does not affect the degree of enzymatic glycosylation of this serum protein is discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

Metabolic control of type I (insulin dependent) diabetes after pancreas transplantation.

A study was conducted of the circadian hormonal and metabolic patterns of 10 type I (insulin dependent) uraemic diabetic patients after pancreas and renal transplantation. A single 24 hour profile was obtained in each patient following as closely as possible his or her normal daily routine two to 15 months after transplantation. None of the patients were using insulin at the time of the study. Compared with a group of six normal subjects the transplant recipients had mildly raised blood glucose concentrations, hyperinsulinaemia between meals and at night, delayed postprandial insulin peaks, mild hyperketonaemia, and normal blood lactate and plasma glucagon concentrations. The findings showed that successful pancreas transplantation results in disappearance of the need for insulin and return to normal or near normal of the metabolic abnormalities of diabetes. The minor differences observed in comparison with normal hormonal and metabolic homoeostasis were probably due to intrinsic (reduced islet mass, denervation, peripheral hormone delivery) and environmental (immunosuppression, relatively impaired renal function) factors.

3-Hydroxybutyric Acid↗
PubMed1984

The fast acetylator phenotype in diabetes mellitus: abnormal prevalence and association with the ABO blood groups.

The acetylator phenotype and ABO blood groups were evaluated in 55 normal subjects and in 156 diabetic patients [61 with Type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetes and 95 with Type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetes]. The prevalence of fast acetylators was significantly higher in the Type 1 diabetic patients (53%) than in the control subjects (29%). In the Type 2 diabetic patients the prevalence was 39%, and thus not significantly different from the control or Type 1 diabetic groups. In the Type 2 diabetic patients, but not in the control or in the Type 1 diabetic subjects, an association between the fast acetylator phenotype and the B blood group was found.

ABO Blood-Group System↗
PubMed1984

Thirty months' experience with cyclosporin in human pancreatic transplantation.

Between September 1978 and December 1983, 33 simultaneous kidney plus pancreatic transplantations were performed in Type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetic patients with uraemia at the Herriot Hospital, Lyon. In eight patients grafted before June 1981, immunosuppressive treatment consisted of azathioprine, steroids and a temporary course with anti-lymphocyte globulins (protocol A). Since June 1981, the immunosuppressive treatment has consisted of cyclosporin administered according to two protocols: from the day of transplantation with temporary anti-lymphocyte globulins with or without steroids (protocol B, seven patients), or after an initial course with protocol A, with or without steroids (protocol C, 18 patients). Only slight differences in patient and pancreatic graft survival between the three protocols were observed at 3, 6 and 12 months, while an improved survival rate for both patients and pancreatic grafts was observed in protocols B and C at 2 years. Moreover the incidence of pancreatic rejection as a cause of loss of pancreatic function seemed to be reduced under protocols B and C.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Sulfonylureas enhance in vivo the effectiveness of insulin in type 1 (insulin dependent) diabetes mellitus.

Indirect evidence suggests that sulfonylureas, in addition to stimulating insulin release, exert additional effects at extrapancreatic levels which are of value in the management of type 2 diabetes. In order to characterize in vivo some of these effects, insulin sensitivity was studied in 9 type 1 diabetics with no residual insulin secretory activity, during treatment with chlorpropamide (250 mg b.i.d. for 8 days) and with glipizide (5 mg t.i.d. for 8 days). Employing the glucose clamp technique with the aid of an artificial pancreas (Biostator), glucose disposal during insulin infusion (0.1 U/kg in 60 min) was calculated by the amount of glucose required to keep the blood glucose at preinfusion levels. Chlorpropamide and glipizide administration was accompanied by a significant increase of the amount of glucose required to clamp blood glucose levels, while serum (free) insulin levels were superimposable during the different clamping studies. In the absence of endogenous insulin release, these data strongly suggest that the two sulfonylureas employed enhance in vivo the peripheral sensitivity to insulin. Further studies are required to indicate a preferential site of action (liver, muscle, adipose tissue) of sulfonylureas.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

Increased production of platelet thromboxane B2 in non-insulin-dependent diabetes. Relationship to vascular complications.

Platelet thromboxane B2 production was studied in forty-seven non-insulin-dependent diabetics by incubating platelets with increasing concentrations of arachidonic acid. In comparison with thirty-two healthy subjects, diabetics showed increased thromboxane B2 production at 0.7 mmol/l (mean: 236 pmol/10(8) platelets, SEM 201-277; v. 135, 105-174; P less than 0.05) and at 1.0 mmol/l (673, 613-739; v. 405, 377-486, P less than 0.01) but not at 0.5 mmol/l. Patients were subdivided according to the presence or absence of vascular complications. Patients without microangiopathy showed significantly greater thromboxane B2 production than healthy subjects at all the arachidonic-acid concentrations (P less than 0.02 or less). Patients with microangiopathy had platelet thromboxane production similar to that observed in healthy subjects at all the arachidonic-acid concentrations (P greater than 0.30) but significantly lower than that of non-microangiopathic patients at 0.5 (P less than 0.01) and at 0.7 mmol/l arachidonic acid (P less than 0.05). These results indicate that non-insulin-dependent diabetics have increased production of platelet thromboxane B2 only when they do not have microvascular complications.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Renal glucose transport after kidney transplantation.

Tubular maximal transport of glucose (TmG), plasma glucose threshold ( PGT ) and fractional maximal tubular reabsorption (TmG/GFR) were measured in fourteen kidney-grafted patients. Seven patients showed decreased PGT and normal or decreased TmG/GFR (type A or B renal glycosuria (RG) ), whereas seven other patients showed normal values. No difference was found between the two groups with respect to parameters of renal function and to clinical parameters characterizing kidney transplantation. The only difference observed between the two groups was the rate of decrease of plasma creatinine levels during the 1st week after transplantation: it was faster in the group without renal glycosuria. No difference was seen between the two groups of patients with respect to the number of rejection episodes occurred over the first 12 months.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Plasma beta-thromboglobulin concentration at rest and after physical exercise in complicated and uncomplicated diabetes mellitus.

Plasma beta-thromboglobulin concentration was measured in ten uncomplicated insulin-dependent diabetic subjects, in ten insulin-dependent patients with retinopathy and in ten age- and sex-matched healthy controls, both at rest and after cycloergometric exercise to exhaustion. Resting plasma beta-thromboglobulin was similar in the two patient groups and significantly higher than the control group. After exercising, plasma beta-thromboglobulin rose significantly only in the control group. Platelet hyperactivity is therefore present even in uncomplicated diabetes mellitus and is not influenced by the presence of complications. A chronic overstimulation of platelets could be responsible for the high basal plasma beta-thromboglobulin concentration in diabetes mellitus and for its abnormal behaviour after physical exercise.

Adult↗