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Biomedical subjects

G Pozza

Publications and source records attributed to G Pozza.

At least 253 records · Page 14Linked to original sources
PubMed1983

Long-term continuous intraperitoneal insulin treatment in brittle diabetes.

Attempts to achieve a fair metabolic equilibrium in a young woman with brittle diabetes by continuous subcutaneous, intramuscular, and continuous intravenous administration of insulin were unsuccessful. Continuous intraperitoneal administration of insulin through a permanently inserted polyethylene catheter connected to an open-loop peristaltic pump led to an appreciable improvement in mean blood glucose concentration, mean amplitude of glycaemic excursions, and M value and to normalisation of intermediate metabolic products. The peritoneal catheter was well tolerated for over 120 days without appreciable adverse effects. This case suggests that long-term intraperitoneal administration of insulin is a feasible therapeutic approach in the management of brittle diabetes.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Endocrine responses of type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetic patients following successful pancreas transplantation.

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the insulin and glucagon responses to various stimuli in patients following pancreatic transplantation. Four Type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetic patients with end-stage renal failure who had received a cadaveric segmental, neoprene-injected, pancreas transplant, in association with kidney transplantation, were investigated. Free-insulin, pancreatic glucagon, and growth hormone concentrations were measured after both oral and intravenous glucose tolerance tests, and following tolbutamide, arginine and arginine plus somatostatin infusions. Tests were performed 1 month (three cases) and 30 months (one case) after surgery, when no insulin administration was required. Four non-diabetic kidney grafted patients, matched for duration of graft survival and immunosuppressive treatment (steroids, azathioprine and anti-lymphocyte-globulins), served as control subjects. Impaired glucose tolerance was present in all diabetic and control patients. This was possibly related to immunosuppressive treatment. In comparison with control subjects, insulin release was normal in response to arginine and tolbutamide but was reduced in response to oral and intravenous glucose, while glucagon and growth hormone release were similar in both groups. Somatostatin was less effective in diabetic patients than in control subjects in suppressing insulin and glucagon release.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

A method for early detection of graft failure in pancreas transplantation.

Pancreatic transplantation is intended to normalize carbohydrate metabolism in insulin-dependent diabetics by restoring endogenous insulin release, and it is usually performed together with kidney transplantation in patients with end-stage renal failure. A major problem in these patients is the daily control of the grafted pancreas because traditional measurements do not appear to be adequate to evaluate pancreatic function. Aiming at early detection of graft failure, we have analyzed in 8 such patients and in 20 nondiabetic kidney-grafted patients (a control group) the following variables: 24-hr glycosuria (absolute values, or values after natural logarithmic transformation) and 24-hr urinary C-peptide excretion (corrected for 24-hr urinary creatinine). These measurements, considered alone, did not detect pancreatic graft failure; for instance, glycosuria can depend on immunosuppressive steroid treatment, and it was often found even in the control group. On the contrary, the ratio Ln 24-hr glycosuria: 24-hr urinary C-peptide varied from 0.00 to 0.18 in the control group and in normally working pancreatic grafts; when the pancreatic grafts failed, however, as confirmed by arteriographic evidence, histologic findings, or dynamic endocrine tests, this ratio rose far higher than 0.18, reaching values as high as 12.2. Use of this ratio provides a simple technique for daily evaluation of pancreatic graft function and for early detection of graft failure.

Diabetes Mellitus↗
PubMed1983

Study of hypoglycemic patients by the glucose clamp technique using the artificial pancreas.

Using the artificial pancreas, blood glucose levels were maintained at 80 mg/dl in nine hypoglycemic patients (four with histologically proven insulinomas and five with nontumoral hypoglycemia) and in four normal subjects during a 24-h fast. The amount of glucose used, serum insulin levels, and glucose clearance were higher in patients with nontumoral hypoglycemia than in normal subjects and highest in the patients with an insulinoma. Surgical or pharmacological treatment resulted in normalization of all parameters. In contrast to the 72-h fast, the 24-h glucose clamp technique allowed the study of hypoglycemic patients without inducing hazardous hypoglycemia.

Adenoma, Islet Cell↗
PubMed1983

[Erythrocyte changes in diabetes].

The relationship between some glucose metabolism alterations in erythrocytes and the increased rigidity of these cells in diabetes mellitus is discussed. For this purpose, the literature data concerning the role played by glycolytic intermediates, adenosine and pyridine nucleotides and by insulin are particularly analyzed. In addition, original data on intracellular levels of some sugars, in particular sorbitol and their contribution in the rise of erythrocyte rheological alterations in diabetic subjects are presented.

2,3-Diphosphoglycerate↗
PubMed1982

Insulin given intranasally induces hypoglycaemia in normal and diabetic subjects.

Regular or crystalline insulin with sodium glycocholate as surfactant administered intranasally to normal volunteers induced hypoglycaemia and an increase in serum immunoreactive insulin concentrations. Serum C-peptide concentrations decreased or remained unchanged. Insulin administered intravenously to three of these subjects yielded a potency ratio of 1:8 for intranasal and intravenous insulin. In four insulin-dependent diabetics a cross-over study was performed on different days, insulin being administered once intranasally and once subcutaneously in a ratio of 1:9. In these patients the intranasal insulin was more effective than the subcutaneous insulin in preventing hyperglycaemia after breakfast. In four other insulin-dependent diabetics 11-hours monitoring was performed twice on two different days, insulin being administered in divided dosage sufficient to achieve a reasonable glycaemic profile. The administration during the morning, whereas subcutaneous insulin was more effective than intranasal during the afternoon.

Administration, Intranasal↗
PubMed1982

Plasma adrenaline and noradrenaline concentrations in diabetic patients with and without autonomic neuropathy at rest and during sympathetic stimulation.

Plasma concentrations of adrenaline and noradrenaline were measured radio-enzymatically in nine patients with diabetic autonomic neuropathy, seven diabetic patients without autonomic neuropathy and nine normal subjects, in the recumbent position and after standing. Furthermore, in six patients with autonomic neuropathy and in the normal subjects, plasma noradrenaline and adrenaline concentrations were determined during and after cyclo-ergometer exercise. No differences in plasma adrenaline concentrations were found at any time in the study. Basal plasma noradrenaline levels were significantly lower in diabetic patients with autonomic neuropathy than in the non-neuropathic diabetics or healthy control subjects. After standing, plasma noradrenaline rose to significantly higher levels in both control and diabetic subjects without neuropathy than in the patients with autonomic neuropathy. During exercise (up to 100 W load), plasma noradrenaline rose to similar levels in healthy controls and in patients with diabetic neuropathy. These data indicate that in diabetic autonomic neuropathy there is reduced peripheral neurosympathetic tone at rest but a normal response to moderate exercise. Blunted neurosympathetic responses to standing seem to be a consistent feature of diabetic autonomic neuropathy, particularly in those patients with severe postural hypotension.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Glycosylated haemoglobins and the oxygen affinity of whole blood.

The pO2 at which haemoglobin is half-saturated with oxygen (p50) was determined at fixed pCO2 (45 mmHg) and without altering the resulting pH and the level of organic phosphates in heparinized whole blood samples from 26 diabetic patients and 24 normal subjects of both sexes. Diabetic blood p50 was higher (29.79 +/- 1.68 versus 28.26 +/- 1.16 mmHg, p less than 0.001) and with a higher 2,3-diphosphoglyceric acid/haemoglobin molar ratio (1.04 +/- 0.15 versus 0.86 +/- 0.10, p less than 0.001). The pH at a pCO2 of 45 mmHg was the same in the two groups. The observed p50 values were compared with those obtained after normalization in respect to pH and the level of 2,3-diphosphoglyceric acid. We conclude that glycosylated haemoglobins, known to have an increased affinity for oxygen when purified and in diluted solutions, do not play a significant role in the oxygen affinity pattern of diabetics at the concentrations normally found in vivo.

2,3-Diphosphoglycerate↗