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G S Griffiths

Publications and source records attributed to G S Griffiths.

42 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1988

Detection of high-risk groups and individuals for periodontal diseases. Evidence for the existence of high-risk groups and individuals and approaches to their detection.

It is argued that the periodontal diseases can no longer be regarded as universally prevalent conditions to which all members of the world's population are at equal risk if they fail to practise good oral hygiene. Rather, they should be regarded as a range of different diseases for each of which certain individuals, which together comprise certain minority groups, are at relatively high risk. The epidemiological evidence for the existence of high-risk groups is reviewed, from which it is concluded that world-wide the prevalence of severe destructive periodontitis is of the order of only 7-15% of the adult dentate population. A working classification of the different types of gingivitis and periodontitis is offered, as is a summary of the theoretically possible approaches to the detection of high-risk groups and individuals which are explored in detail in subsequent papers. Successful identification of such individuals will permit scientifically valid, rational and targetted prevention and treatment.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Detection of high-risk groups and individuals for periodontal diseases. Clinical assessment of the periodontium.

The fundamental concepts of measuring periodontal diseases and the interpretation of such information as an historical record of disease, rather than disease activity, emphasises the need for improved diagnostic and prognostic tests. Criteria for an indicator of disease activity were suggested and an index fulfilling these should allow sites to be categorised as "active", quiescent or healing, and enable one to predict the risk of future disease activity. The ability of current measurements and indices, routinely used during clinical assessments of periodontal diseases, to fulfill the suggested criteria was considered and rejected in all cases. It is concluded that clinical parameters are only capable of identifying disease retrospectively, indicating the need for longitudinal, rather than cross-sectional studies in the search for clinical and laboratory markers of disease activity and susceptibility.

Gingival Crevicular Fluid↗
PubMed1988

The total protein concentration of gingival crevicular fluid. Variation with sampling time and gingival inflammation.

The total protein concentration of gingival crevicular fluid (GCF), sampled repeatedly over a 10-min period with the minimum of physical irritation to the sulcus, was evaluated in a group of 32 healthy adolescents. The mean concentration of the 1st sample was comparable to that of normal tissue fluids and lymph, irrespective of the state of inflammation of the sample site. However, during repeated sampling, the values rose to resemble serum protein levels, except at those sites with no clinically detectable inflammation. Gel electrophoretic analysis confirmed the increasing proportion of serum-derived molecules in the more proteinaceous GCF samples. The results demonstrate the extreme sensitivity of the gingival vasculature to GCF sampling and consequently the need for accurate standardisation of GCF collection protocols. This will apply particularly when compositional data is to be normalised with respect to the total protein content or when the levels of a serum constituent are being examined.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

Effects of malalignment of teeth in the anterior segments on plaque accumulation.

The importance of malposition of teeth and plaque accumulation is still not established. The purpose of this study was to measure plaque accumulation on individual malpositioned teeth for comparison with contralateral nonmalpositioned teeth. Furthermore, the distribution of plaque in the anterior segments was measured and compared between aligned and nonaligned segments and the total mouth plaque score. Plaque scores and contact point indices were recorded from a total of 87 subjects of which 20 were drawn from dental and ancillary students and 67 from randomly chosen patients. For anterior teeth, in both groups significantly more plaque accumulated on malpositioned teeth compared with contralateral nonmalpositioned teeth. For the right-handed subjects (83), mean plaque scores for malpositioned teeth were greater than for nonmalpositioned teeth whether the malpositioned tooth was on the right or left of the anterior segment. This difference was significant in the patient group. The contact point index of the anterior segments correlated only with plaque accumulation in those subjects with a plaque index of less than 1. Upper and lower anterior segment plaque scores correlated with total mouth scores in both groups. However, the upper anterior segment scores had significantly less plaque than the total mouth score irrespective of the presence or absence of tooth malalignment, whereas the lower anterior segment always had significantly higher plaque scores than the total mouth score, irrespective of the presence or absence of malalignment. Finally, lower segments, whether aligned or malaligned, had significantly more plaque than upper anterior segments which were aligned or malaligned.

Adolescent↗