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Biomedical subjects

G Salem

Publications and source records attributed to G Salem.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1992

Arterial hypertension in urban Africa: an epidemiological study on a representative sample of Dakar inhabitants in Senegal.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the prevalence and risk markers of arterial hypertension in the context of a rapidly growing urbanization in Africa. DESIGN: A cross-sectional study was performed on a representative sample of inhabitants of Pikine, an urban suburb of Dakar, Senegal. METHODS: Blood pressure was measured by properly trained field workers at subject homes. A total of 2580 individuals were included, aged > or = to 15 years and with a duration of residence > or = 2 months. Complete data including risk markers were obtained for 2300 subjects. RESULTS: The prevalence of hypertension (World Health Organization criteria) was found to be 10.4%. Due to the young age of the population, nearly half of the cases of moderate-to-severe hypertension were observed in middle-aged subjects. Risk markers of hypertension were age and obesity in both sexes: illiterate and multiparous women also had a higher prevalence of hypertension. Awareness of hypertension was infrequent among the hypertensive subjects: of the 189 subjects who had been labelled hypertensive, 10 were treated with antihypertensive therapy but 111 had normal blood pressure levels without any treatment, suggesting poor-quality prior diagnosis. CONCLUSIONS: Hypertension was found to be frequent in this urban African population. These findings emphasize the need for improvement in the management of hypertension, focusing upon the high-risk groups.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

[Urbanization and nutritional transition in sub-saharan Africa: exemplified by Congo and Senegal].

To evaluate the impact of urban life-style on nutritional status, body mass index (BMI) of mothers and indices of malnutrition of preschool children were calculated in four representative surveys in two rural areas and two main cities of Western and Central Africa. Mean BMIs were similar in both urban settings and were significantly higher than those of rural mothers. Distributions shifted significantly towards values over 25 kgs/m2 in towns, although, values lower than 18.5 were still present. Therefore chronic energy deficiency, largely prevalent in many rural areas of Africa, remains important in cities, where obesity also appears to have become a public health concern. Wasting was rare in young urban children, but the prevalence of stunting, although lower, indicates the persistence of nutritional deficiencies. This situation of nutritional transition generates a double burden to already limited health finances and requires an appropriate educational policy.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

Human immunodeficiency virus associated with thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura: successful treatment with zidovudine.

Thrombocytopenia associated with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is well described, and two recent reports show a beneficial effect with the antiretroviral agent zidovudine (ZDV). HIV-associated thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP) has recently been observed, but the use of ZDV for it has not been previously described. We have reported a case of relapsing TTP in an HIV-positive man who achieved remission with plasmapheresis and antiplatelet therapy initially, but multiple relapses necessitated the addition of vincristine and ZDV to induce a sustained remission.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1989

Prevalence of selected dental anomalies in Saudi children from Gizan region.

The present report gives prevalence values for a selected group of developmental dental anomalies in 2393 Saudi children aged 4-12 yr from Gizan region, Saudi Arabia. The anomalies selected in this study were those involving the number and shape of the dentition. The following anomalies were identified: congenitally missing teeth (2.2%), supernumerary teeth (0.50%), gemination (0.08%), and peg-shaped lateral incisors (0.37%).

Anodontia↗
PubMed1989

Oral lichen planus among 4277 patients from Gizan, Saudi Arabia.

This paper reports on the prevalence of oral lichen planus among 4277 Saudi patients, aged 18-73 yr, seen in the dental department of King Fahd Central Hospital, Gizan, Saudi Arabia, between 1982 and 1987, 63% of the patients were males. Oral mucosal lesions consistent with lichen planus were identified both clinically and histologically in 72 patients (40 males and 32 females). The average age of the affected group was 49 yr. No correlation was evident between lichen planus and tobacco habits in this study, nor was there any association with diabetes or hypertension. The average period of follow-up was 3.2 yr, during which four cases developed malignant transformation of the oral lesions. The prevalence of oral lichen planus in this study was 1.7%, which is higher than the prevalence figures reported earlier for the population of Saudi Arabia.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

Margin design for esthetic posterior metal ceramic crowns.

Variations in margin designs for ceramic metal restorations have been used to fulfill the many requirements for such restorations. The trend in our population toward greater esthetic awareness places increased emphasis on esthetics. This trend necessitates a high level of esthetics in posterior restorations. Commonly used posterior margin designs have been described and their inherent weaknesses and strengths have been reviewed. An alternative design has been proposed with its advantages in esthetics, tissue compatibility, cleansibility, and versatility. The clinical and laboratory procedures for this design have been described.

Crowns↗
PubMed1988

Social, professional conditions and arterial hypertension: an epidemiological study in Dakar, Senegal.

A group of men and women (1315 and 554, respectively) employed by six companies in Dakar, Senegal, underwent a cross-sectional study. The prevalence of arterial hypertension, according to the WHO criteria, was found to be 7.4% among the men and 10.2% among the women. Risk factors for high blood pressure were: age, body mass index, illiteracy and factors related to occupation, such as occupational category and working conditions (e.g. noise and shift work). Therapeutic control was low in this community. Awareness of hypertension was high, but a high percentage of false positive diagnosis was observed among subjects labelled as hypertensives, on the basis of inaccurate blood pressure measurement.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

[Effect of endoscopic hydrothermo- and laser coagulation on the human stomach wall in vivo].

Effect of thermic and laser energy applied onto human in vivo gastric wall has not yet been reported in literature. In our study we evaluated the maximum amount of energy not harming the patient as well as principles for secure and sufficient therapy. In 8 patients hospitalized for gastric resection we applied vaporization by laser- and hydrothermosounds in this part of the stomach which should be resected. Endoscopic pictures were taken. We used a NdYAG laser (maximum performance 70 W, time of application 1-3 s) and hydrothermosounds (maximum performance 170 W, time of application 1-3 s). The stomach was resected 3-8 days following application. Comparing laser- and hydrothermosounds marks we observed a bigger area of necrosis at hydrothermosounds marks using the same amount of energy. In histological investigation correlation between depth and diameter of necrosis was found. After the same application time both depth and diameter of necrosis were bigger by hydrothermosounds than by laser. Lesions reached serosa at the maximum time of application of 3 s. Serosal lesion itself did not appear. Endoscopic treatment of tissue lesion by laser and thermic irradiation (vaporization of bleeding polyp pedicles, treatment of tumors) is secure using the maximum energy mentioned above. Serosal lesion did not appear. Bleeding lesions must be treated by higher energy because of absorption of energy by escaped blood.

Electrocoagulation↗
PubMed1987

Developmental oral anomalies among schoolchildren in Gizan region, Saudi Arabia.

The present report gives prevalence values for some developmental oral anomalies in 1932 schoolchildren aged 6-12 yr in Gizan region, Saudi Arabia. The developmental oral anomalies identified in this study were: torus palatinus (1.4%), fissured tongue (0.8%), geographic tongue (0.2%), and tongue tie (0.1%). None of the following developmental oral anomalies were observed: lip pits, cleft lip and/or palate, torus mandibularis, microglossia, macroglossia or median rhomboid glossitis.

Child↗
PubMed1987

Reaction to injectable collagen: results in animal models and clinical use.

Since its commercial release, Zyderm collagen implant has been used to treat more than 200,000 subjects in the United States for soft-tissue contour defects and more than 250,000 patients internationally (including the United States). Approximately 3 percent of subjects' skin tested with Zyderm collagen experience localized hypersensitivity reactions to collagen, whereas approximately 1 percent of treated patients demonstrate symptoms of hypersensitivity at treatment sites. Of the latter treatment responses reported since the conclusion of clinical trials with Zyderm, 56 percent occurred following the first treatment, 28 percent following the second, 10 percent following the third, and 6 percent following subsequent exposures. The data indicate that most patients receive a median of three treatments (mean = 4.4) with Zyderm collagen, but most patients who are likely to develop sensitivity to Zyderm collagen appear to respond immunologically to the test implant or first treatment exposure. Examining these treatment responses, 45 percent of the patients reported an onset of symptoms within 10 days and 22 percent at more than 30 days following the last treatment with Zyderm collagen. Erythema was the sole symptom in 24 percent of cases, whereas erythema plus induration comprised an additional 42 percent. Antibodies against Zyderm collagen were detected in the sera of 88 percent of these subjects using an ELISA, but no reactivity was observed against human collagen. Sera from patients reporting only systemic symptoms were not found to have anticollagen antibodies. These data suggest that the relative risk of a hypersensitivity reaction to Zyderm collagen does not increase with multiple exposures, since patients who are going to develop an immune response to bovine collagen react with greatest frequency to initial injections of collagen. In animal models, Zyderm collagen was shown to be less immunogenic than other medical devices which are composed of bovine collagen. Specifically, comparative studies were conducted in which Zyderm collagen and hemostatic agents were implanted in the guinea pig subcutaneum: sera from animals treated with collagen-derived hemostatic devices possessed significant levels of anti-implant antibodies (titers greater than 640), whereas animals treated with Zyderm collagen mounted minimal responses (titers less than 40). Additional studies were conducted in which implant materials were compared in a guinea pig parietal (bony defect) model and in a rabbit hemostasis model: in both, Zyderm collagen demonstrated lower immunogenicity than commercial bovine collagen hemostatic agents. Histologic results from these studies showed Zyderm

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Influence of verapamil on gastric acid secretion and gastrin release in dogs.

Gastric secretion is supposed to be calcium-dependent. The effect of verapamil (0.3 mg/kg/h i.v.), a calcium channel-blocking agent, on stimulated gastric acid secretion and gastrin release was investigated in 8 mongrel dogs. Stimulation was either performed by bombesin (1.0 microgram/kg/h i.v.) or by insulin (0.3 U/kg i.v.). Verapamil significantly inhibited both the bombesin- and the insulin-stimulated gastric acid secretion. Mean total gastric acid output over a 120-min period was 9.5 +/- (SEM) 2.2 mmol after bombesin stimulation and 6.3 +/- 2.0 mmol after bombesin and verapamil (p less than 0.01). The respective values were 15.3 +/- 2.0 mmol for insulin stimulation and 7.0 +/- 1.6 mmol for insulin and verapamil (p less than 0.01). There was no significant influence of verapamil on plasma gastrin concentrations. Thus, the impairment of acid secretion by verapamil is not due to an inhibition of gastrin release in intact dogs.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

[The multi-family approach to the psychiatric hospital].

The authors describe a clinical experiment of a year of multifamily pedagogical and therapeutic sessions in a psychiatric hospital. The families were those of inpatients, most of them psychotic. The theoretical frame was the systemic and contextual approach of the family. The experiment showed that this therapeutic level can be efficient and useful with families often described as rigid and closed to external interventions.

Family Therapy↗
PubMed1984

Oral malignant and premalignant changes in 'Shammah'-users from the Gizan region, Saudi Arabia.

A survey of the oral mucosa in 661 of the people living in various geographical locations of the Gizan region has been carried out. Mucosal lesions compatible with 'oral leukoplakia' have been found to affect approximately 68% of the users of the native snuff known as 'Shammah'. The lesions were almost always at the site where 'Shammah' was habitually held. Histological examination of biopsy specimens obtained from 29 different individuals revealed squamous cell carcinoma in 7 cases and carcinoma in situ in 2 cases, whereas the remaining specimens showed ortho- and para-hyperkeratosis, some of which also had premalignant changes. The results of this study point to a possible causal relationship between the use of 'Shammah' and the development of oral premalignant and malignant lesions among snuff-dippers in the Gizan region.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

[Therapy of esophageal varices using flexible endoscopes].

Fibroendoscopic sclerotherapy of esophageal varices during or after a bleeding period is an effective method with low risks. From 1977 to June 1981, 60 patients underwent 125 sclerotherapy sessions. In 61,5% this palliative therapy had good results. 27% died during the first stay in hospital, 11,5% of them due to severe attacks of bleeding. Another 11,5% had rebleeding episodes later on. The complication rate of this method is 0,9%, the mortality rate 0%.

Esophageal and Gastric Varices↗
PubMed1981

Pericardial tamponade and its effect on cardiac performance in absence of the pulmonic valve.

A controlled study was undertaken to quantitate and compare the amount of accumulated pericardial fluid causing acute pericardial tamponade in animals with or without an intact pulmonary valve. In 13 mongrel dogs, acute pericardial tamponade was induced by gradual loading of the pericardial cavity with fluid (mean 21.3 cc/m2). In 10 dogs (Group A) the pulmonic valve was completely excised under caval occlusion and the pericardium resealed. In Group B, the control group (n = 3), caval occlusion was performed for the same period of time but the pulmonary valve was left intact. Reloading of the pericardium with fluid in both groups revealed that whereas in the Control Group B a similar volume of fluid was required (mean 213 cc/m2) to cause critical tamponade, in Group A a much smaller volume (mean 132 cc/m2) (40% decrease) now produced tamponade (p less than 0.001). The results of the study may have important practical implications in patients having cardiac operations in which the pulmonary valve is left incompetent, such as after complete repair of tetralogy of Fallot.

Animals↗