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Biomedical subjects

G Salem

Publications and source records attributed to G Salem.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1981

[Rituals of aggression and appeasement: systemic and etiological aspects].

In a view which takes into consideration together systemic concepts, concepts own to the field of communication theories, and ideas of comparative ethology, the author attempts an approach of the mechanisms governing interpersonal regulation of aggressive behaviour. After a brief review of characters of rites, he examines more specifically rites of aggression and of appeasement, currently observed in animal world, and that can be observed too in human species, at a stylized level. In this point of view, he studies not only specific characters of these rites, but their dynamic unrolling into interactional sequences, which can by symmetrical or complementary. He underlines the usefulness of rites in human relationships, especially their regulating value in mastering aggressive behaviour. He calls their therapeutic utilisation, notably in family therapy.

Aggression↗
PubMed1980

[Possibilities of cognitive and functional behavior analysis and the resulting therapeutic interventions in a mentally retarded pyromaniac].

Apart from general educational and treatment practices there is practically no attempt in providing specific rehabilitation programs for the mentally retarded adult firesetter. After a brief review of cognitive-behavior modification approaches in self-control training, the authors report on a method which has proved to be effective in cognitive and behavior analysis under threatening penalty conditions in a case of mental retardation with a history of repeated firesetting. The treatment goals are derived from the functional behavioral and cognitive analysis of the problem situation, the developmental analysis including attitudes and attributions, the motivational and self-control analysis and the analysis of social conditions. Fire-setting is defined as an operant behavior under discriminative stimulus control. An individual treatment program relevant to the different therapeutic targets is established. The proceedings are described by the authors.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

[Review of theories on the foundations of the incest taboo].

Mainly because of its universality the incest taboo has been a field of investigation open to a number of disciplines. The author reviews the most important theories concerning the bases of this taboo, arranged according to the point of view, finalist or determinist. He then considers the anew in the light of recent acquisitions stemming from ethology and family theory. It has been demonstrated that an instinctive barrier against incest exists in the family life of wild animals, bringing into play defence mechanisms analogous to those that obtain in the human family. Developing the subject, the author shows on the one hand how this discovery calls in question certain postulates hitherto regarded as definitive, and on the other hand how it opens the way to a more synthetic view of the problem.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

[Modern functional and physiological techniques in abdominal surgery (author's transl)].

The increasing importance of physiological and functional surgical procedures in the surgical therapy of benign abdominal disease is implied. Positive results were achieved at the 2nd Department of Surgery of the University of Vienna following parietal cell vagotomy in hypersecretory gastroduodenal ulcer, latero-lateral pancreatico-jejunostomy according to Puestov-Mercadier in chronic relapsing pancreatitis, distal splenorenal shunt according to Warren in portal hypertension and following peritoneo-venous shunt according to Warren in portal hypertension and following peritoneo-venous shunt according to Le Veen in ascites and cirrhosis of the liver.

Abdomen↗
PubMed1979

In vitro evidence of cellular and humoral immune responses following lung allotransplantation in canine recipients with and without immunosuppressive treatment.

Using donor lung antigens as targets, two test methods, a rosette-forming cell test (RFC) and indirect immunofluorescence test (indir. IF), were applied to focus on the first set lung allograft rejection in canine recipients with and without immunosuppressive treatment. In both groups the first sign of humoral or cellular sensitization became evident on the 4th postoperative day, which might answer some unsolved problems in early lung graft damage, recently discussed as a manifestation of certain immunologic reactions. The tests used, indir. IF and RFC, revealed a steadily climbing tendency of immunization in untreated recipients and more variable and reversible positive results in the immunosuppressively treated group. No correlation between cellular and humoral immunity could be proven by our tests. The fact that we found no incorrect positive results in RFC suggests that this test provides important hints for the diagnosis of lung allograft rejection.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Donor- and organ-specific evaluation of antibodies eluted from canine lung allografts rejected by immunosuppressively treated and untreated recipients.

Using elution techniques, the humoral lung allograft rejection in immunosuppressively treated versus untreated recipients is analyzed at the donor organ specific level. The antibodies were evaluated quantitatively and qualitatively by elution of lung graft bound immunoglobulins and by testing the eluates against donor lung antigen using passive hemagglutination and indirect immunofluorescence. By correlating the results in those assays, a considerable amount of humoral anti-donor lung antibodies could be proved only in dogs not treated immunosuppressively, and there was no accordance with the results of direct immunofluorescence by quantification. The difference in the organ-bound antibodies between immunosuppressively treated and untreated lung grafts seems to be remarkable because of a similar mononuclear infiltration. Thus, enabling a specific improvement of some previous speculations about the lung-specific humoral alloimmune reaction, this type of rejection seems to be similar to rather stereotypical allograft rejection, but may be modified by a standard immunosuppression with methylprednisolone and azathioprine.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

[The influence of ritodrine-hcl (prepar), bunitrolol (stresson) and oxytocin (syntocinon) on Uteroplacental perfusion (author's transl)].

The administration of betamimetics has proved to be useful for symptom-oriented treatment in patients with reduced utero-placental flow. In order to quantify the betamimetic effect flow measurements were carried out in a total of 12 sheep, yielding the following experimental results: 1) Betamimetics, up to a certain point which correlates with maternal heart rate, raise the uteroplacental flow-rate. 2) The use of cardio-selective betablocker prevents undesired betamimetic side-effects but there is also a loss of the rise in utero-placental flow rate. 3) In sheep pretreated with Oxytoxin the application of betamimetics not only offsets oxytoxin-action but also greatly improves utero-placental blood flow.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

[Experimental lung transplantation: functional studies of the graft compared with a normal and a pathological contralateral organ (author's transl)].

After a short description of the technique of experimental lung homotransplantation, the function of the graft is investigated both from the haemodynamic and respiratory point of view. Perfusion of the transplant was studied in acute and chronic experiments. The haemodynamic rate can be normal even when there are signs of rejection. In the first week there was always a decrease in the perfusion ratio. Lung function tests revealed adequate functional capacity of the graft, capable of sustaining life of the animal, as long as rejection is kept under control. Normal values as obtained with a healthy organ were not achieved, however. Studies in dogs with pathological changes in the contralateral lung showed that the graft is able to tolerate the total cardiac output and to provide adequate respiratory function. In animals with an emphysematous contralateral lung, no ventilation-perfusion imbalance resulted in the homotransplanted organ even when unilateral papain instillation had induced severe emphysematous changes in lung structure of the contralateral organ.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

[The problem of anti-lung basal membrane immunity in the framework of allogenic lung transplant rejection].

This study is concerned with the significance of autoimmune processes caused by the damage of lung tissue after lungallo- and autotransplantation. In 15 mongrel dogs a left side lung-allotranplantation was performed, 5 of them were treated with immunsuppressive therapy in the posttransplantation period. A group of 5 dogs with autotransplantation of the left lung served as a control-group. In the posttransplantation period the development of humoral antibodies responding with lung basal membrane antigens was examined by daily taken sera as well as by elution of immuneglobulins from the rejected grafts in the passive hemagglutination and compared with the development of alloantibodies against donor-lung's tissue. Besides of regularly traceable humoral alloantibodies of lung allograft recipients in the posttransplantation period, in no group antilung basal membrane antibodies could be found.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

[The work by Prince Korab. Analysis of the writings of a paranoiac].

This note concerns the analysis of a work written in the early years of the century by a discredited Polish nobleman. The book, pseudo-encyclopaedic in character and didactic in tone is cast presumably in the mould of the "Guide to the Perplexed". Among other traits it reflects a paranoiac personality. In the course of his observations the author of the article raises the question of pathography in general. After a historical and epistemological survey of the working methods employed in this field, he suggests a new critical attitude which claims to be "multi-disciplinary". Taking its stand on several different points of view - philosophical, literary, linguistic, psychodynamic. The analysis of the book by Prince Korab serves to illustrate this "non-reductive" form of approach.

History, 19th Century↗
PubMed1977

[Complement system and lymphocytotoxic antibodies in presensitized dogs after homologous lung transplantation ].

Left side orthotopic homotransplantation of the lung was performed in 8 mongrel dogs pre-sensitized by full-thickness skin transplants. The degree of sensitization was assessed by control of the lymphocytotoxic antibody titre. The behaviour of haemolytic complement activity, as well as the alterations in antibody titre were recorded up to 60 minutes after opening of the anastomoses. Evaluation was performed by analyses of significance. A significant decrease in lymphocytotoxic antibody titre (p less than 0.001), as well as a significant diminution in complement activity (p less than 0.01) was observed in blood samples from the pulmonary vein of the graft during the first five minutes following recirculation. This resulted from an interaction of both systems in the immune reaction. The further complement consumption by the graft in contrast to the constancy of the lymphocytotoxic antibody titre in the subsequent post-transplantation period can be explained by antibody-independent complement activation. Vena cava-- pulmonary vein differences in the lymphocytotoxic antibody titre and complement activity are correlated only five minutes after opening of the anastomoses (r = 0.75), which confirms the independence of both systems during later course of the reaction.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

[Bronchospirometric results after single lung homotransplantation in dogs with experimentally induced pulmonary emphysema (author's transl)].

Pulmonary emphysema was induced in 8 bastard dogs by intratracheal instillation of Papain. Development of emphysema was documented by pulmonary function tests. The emphysematous animals underwent single lung homotransplantation. Postoperative bronchospirometric measurements revealed that up to the 6th week after transplantation there is no evidence of serious ventilation perfusion inbalance.

Airway Resistance↗
PubMed1977

[Specific humoral immunity in the circulation of dogs with allotransplanted lungs].

A method appropriate for identification and quantification of circulating antibodies reacting with donorlungantigens is presented in allogenous lungtransplantation. Following incubation of native tissue-slides taken from the second removed but not grafted donor lung with the recipient's serum, the specific humoral antibodies are detected by indirect immunfluorescence. Quantifying evaluation is performed by serum-dilutions. The preexisting specific antibody-titer found in DLA-sensitized animals shows a significant correlation with the duration of graft function when compared with lymphocytotoxic antibody-titer. In unsensitized dogs a regular appearance of circulating specific antibodies can be seen beginning from the fourth or fifth postoperative day. The increasing antibody-titer during further course is a feature of a humoral graft rejection represented in the periphereal blood-circulation.

Animals↗