Occurrence of Listeria monocytogenes in raw milk.
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Biomedical subjects
Publications and source records attributed to G Suarez.
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Although the cause of male infertility is often obscure, proper evaluation can reveal physiologic abnormalities on which a concept of management can be based. Evaluation includes history taking, physical examination, laboratory studies, semen analysis, radiographic studies, and occasionally, testicular biopsy and other studies. The history and physical examination are the foundation of evaluation and may provide clues to diagnosis. However, semen analysis is the most informative test in evaluation of male infertility. For optimum results, proper collection techniques must be followed and data must be carefully interpreted.
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Manchego type cheese was manufactured from milk from cows, goats and ewes artificially contaminated with 2 X 10(4) S. aureus cells ml. Lactic starter culture was added to the milk at the rate of 1.0 or 0.1% (v/v). the industrial process of Manchego type cheese manufacture was imitated. Cheeses were analyzed for both staphylococcal and non-staphylococcal total aerobic counts, as well as for the pH and enterotoxin production. Growth differences in staphylococcal counts in cheeses prepared with both starter concentrations were seen only after the brine treatment, the counts were 10 times greater with the 0.1% starter. Nevertheless, with the 1% starter culture the staphylococcal counts did not decrease from the moment of inoculation remaining high after brine treatment. For a similar inoculum, the strains used responded in a different manner, the highest values corresponding to strains FRI-100, S6 and FRI-472, and the lowest to FRI-137 and FRI-361. No differences in pH were seen between batches prepared with both starter concentrations.
A simple noninvasive and relatively inexpensive new technique utilizing real time sector ultrasonography for evaluation of mechanical failure in inflatable penile prosthesis is presented.
Sixty-six strains of S. intermedius and 10 of S. aureus isolated from infected dogs were examined for enterotoxin production. 39.5% of the strain (37.9% of S. intermedius and 50% of S. aureus) produced one or more enterotoxins. The predominant types produced by S. intermedius were C1 and C2, and only two of the strains synthesized enterotoxin A. One of the S. aureus strains produced the toxic shock syndrome toxin 1.
A total of 176 Gram-positive, catalase positive cocci strains, isolated from sheep were studied by different routine tests for the differentiation of staphylococci and micrococci, comparing their validity and usefulness. By glucose fermentation and growth in the anaerobic portion of thioglycolate 85 and 73.6% respectively of coagulase negative staphylococci were misclassified as Micrococcus spp. Susceptibility to lysostaphin was an adequate test for the differentiation of the strains. Atypical results in the production of acid from glycerol/erythromycin were obtained in 11.8% of the coagulase negative strains and 16.7% of micrococci. The combined use of the selective media furazolidone agar and Schleifer and Krämer medium resulted in a fast and useful separation of ovine staphylococci and micrococci. The bacteriolytic activity misclassified 32.2% of the coagulase negative strains.
Milk (from cow, goat and sheep) was inoculated with Staphylococcus aureus strain S6, which is generally considered to be a strong enterotoxin B producer and a weak enterotoxin A producer. It was then used to make Manchego type cheese as prepared industrially. Two concentrations of starter culture (1% and 0.1%) were tested. Staphylococcal growth was good in both but better in the more dilute culture. Staphylococcal enterotoxin B was not detected at any stage of the ripening process of any cheese tested. However enterotoxin A was detected in both starter concentrations, reaching as high as 769 ng/100 g of cheese in the 0.1% starter batches.
The time course of in vitro collagen fibril formation was monitored by synchrotron radiation x-ray scattering. Collagen polymerization was induced by a temperature jump from 4 degrees C to 32 degrees C and the solution scattering pattern was recorded continuously with a time resolution of a few seconds. The scattered intensity increased as soon as the final temperature was attained, without discernible lag phase, when the collagen concentration was about 0.56 mg/ml, whereas turbidimetric measurements revealed a lag phase of ca. 2.5 min at 1.05 mg/ml. A direct correlation was found between the temperature and both the rate of formation and the total amount of early aggregates. The formation of these aggregates was only partially reversed by lowering the temperature, except when the collagen had been prevented from forming Schiff base-mediated intermolecular crosslinks by sodium borohydride reduction. In this case, formation of aggregates was completely reversible. We conclude that the aggregates that appear to correspond to the subfibrils proposed on the basis of independent methods are formed and simultaneously crosslinked in the early phases of in vitro collagen self-assembly.
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There was no effect of the venom extract on incorporation of phenylalanine into protein from phenylalanyl-tRNA. In contrast, the esterification of amino acids with tRNA was inhibited by the venom extracts in a dose-dependent manner, with an apparent preservation of the covalent structure of aminoacyl-tRNA.
A total of 310 fungal strains isolated from starches intended for the manufacture of pharmaceuticals were tested to determine their toxicity to Brine shrimp (Artemia salina L.) larvae and Bacillus megaterium NRRL 1 366. Of them, 82 proved toxic for both biotests, 173 (82 + 91) toxic for at least one of the tests. The system based on the use of Brine shrimp larvae proved to be the more sensitive of the two assayed. Results are stated also for the different species of each genus.
Two strains of Aspergillus flavus Link ex Fr. and two strains of A. parasiticus Speare were cultured on crushed moist wheat (Triticum durum var. Pané no. 257) for aflatoxin production studies in correlation with morphological changes. The toxicogenic strains were adapted to the substratum by means of successive transfers at regular intervals (72 h.) The amount aflatoxins synthesized by the toxicogenic strains decreased gradually after succesive subculturing. The decrease was accompanied by marked morphological changes. One of the strains studied, A. flavus NRRL 3251, lost completely the capacity of aflatoxin synthesis after several subcultures, presenting at the same time strong morphological variations. A. flavus CBS 120.62 also lost its toxicogenicity after six subcultures.
Quantitative and qualitative studies were made of the fungi of the air in Barcelona City. The genera Cladosporium and Alternaria formed two of the most important components of the fungus population studied during a two-year period running from January 1976 through January 1978. Penicillium species formed the 16.3% of the total colonies while Aspergillus species represented only the 2.8%. The occurrence of the genera was greatly affected by climatic conditions. An attempt was made to summariza the data of various kinds of fungi on a volumetric basis. Most of the fungi reported here have been identified as far as genera.
During a two-year survey on the air-borne fungi in the atmosphere of Barcelona (Spain), the following genera were isolated in decreasing order: Aureobasidium, Rhizopus, Mucor, Arthrinium, Phoma, Fusarium, Trichoderma, and Botrytis.
During a survey on the presence of species of the genus Aspergillus in the air of the city of Barcelona (Spain), the following species were identified: Aspergillus flavus Link, A. niger van Tieghem, A. fumigatus Fresenius, A. clavatus Desmazières, A. terreus Thom, A. chevalieri (Mang.) Thom et Church, A. niveus Bloch, emend. Thom et Church, A. ochraceus Wilhelm, A. versicolor (Vuillemin) Tiraboschi, and A. amstelodami (Mang.) Church et Thom.
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During a two-year survey of the fungal flora present in the air of Barcelona, Spain, the following species of yeasts were isolated: Sporobolomyces roseus Kluyver et van Niel, Candida albicans (Robin) Berkhout, Rhodotorula glutinis (Fres.). Harrison var. glutinis and Rhodotorula minuta (Saito) Harrison. Diurnal and seasonal incidences are presented.