Numb-chin syndrome: an unusual presentation of metastatic prostate cancer.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Humans↗
Biomedical subjects
G Walton
Publications and source records attributed to G Walton.
"O" pioneers! Trail-blazing CIOs are leading healthcare across the CPR frontier. Interview by Charlene Marietti.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Diffusion of Innovation↗
Cardiovascular risk: the safety of local anesthesia, vasoconstrictors, and sedation in heart disease.
As part of a large pragmatic study, the authors investigated heart rate, blood pressure, dysrhythmic and ischemic responses to lidocaine 2% with a combination vasoconstrictor (noradrenaline 1:50,000 and vasopressin 0.25 IU/mL), and midazolam sedation in a medically compromised population. There were anesthesia-induced physiological changes to both hemodynamics and the electrocardiogram. The use of midazolam significantly ameliorated the sympathoadrenal response to stress, and the greatest hemodynamic and electrocardiographic changes were observed during surgery.
Anesthesia, Dental↗
Library and information services to support the education and development of nurses: the management of co-operation and change--a clash of two cultures?
This paper reports on the findings of research conducted by the Department of Information and Library Management and the Information Services Department at the University of Northumbria at Newcastle on behalf of the LINC Health Panel. It aims to investigate the organization and funding of library and information services to the nursing profession since the move of nurse education into higher education. The paper focuses on the lack of co-operation and communication between the National Health Service and higher education cultures in the provision of services to nurses. A brief review of the literature includes the views of experts in the field on library and information services and education for nurses as they are now, and ideas for possible developments for the future. This is followed by a description of the main research findings and the five key issues identified by information professionals in a questionnaire survey as vital for future consideration and action. Finally, the conclusions drawn from the findings have been developed into recommendations for the direction of the future discussion, research and action which is needed to further improve library and information services for all nurses.
Education, Nursing, Continuing↗
Library audit: report of the process of undertaking the audit of library services of selected educational providers within the former Northern Region: July 1994.
With the current purchaser/provider split in the NHS the purchaser has a responsibility to evaluate the quality of services provided by the provider. In the past year the Northern and Yorkshire Regional Health Authority expressed an interest in auditing library services supplied from selected education providers. This article attempts to given an account of the experience and focuses on the background, the rationale, the process and the outcomes.
Education, Nursing↗
Implications of the UNNDERPIN study at St George's Hospital, Morpeth, Northumberland.
UNNDERPIN (University of Northumbria at Newcastle DEvelopment of and Research into the Provision of Information to Nurses and nurse educators) was an 8-month research project at St George's Hospital, Morpeth, Northumberland. The general aim of the project has been to undertake an examination of library and information services in a climate of change where user information needs are changing and demanding changed services to be provided to meet those needs in order to support patient care and clinical developments. The paper gives an overview of the project describing its background and presenting a summary of the research findings, conclusions and wider implications of the work.
Community Health Services↗
Survey of library and information use by health-care students.
The study compares and contrasts the usage and views of three groups of health-care students (Pre-Project 2000, Project 2000 and BSc Occupational Therapy) on their library facilities. A literature review is included which underpins the importance of libraries for health-care students. Data was compiled from survey responses. The results demonstrate which libraries the students use, how often they use them, what they do in the libraries, and the stock used. They also show the level of student confidence and the services used. The implications of the study for future provision are considered.
Attitude of Health Personnel↗
CD-ROM: towards a strategy for teaching and learning.
Compact Disc Read Only Memory (CD-ROM) represents an exciting innovation in nurse education yet paradoxically has a potential to induce disillusionment and frustration. Purchasers of systems may well find that their investment does not bring the benefits they had been lead to expect. CD-ROM systems have the capacity to generate huge quantities of data on an equally large number of nursing topics. Arguably this very capability ensures certain 'built-in' problems. The purpose of this articles is to provide nurse teachers with information about CD-ROM, to highlight the resource implications of CD-ROM use and to consider the relative merits of various teaching and learning methods. To be worthwhile, strategies developed must be part of an information retrieval skills programme.
CD-ROM↗
Renal growth factor expression during the early phase of experimental hydronephrosis.
Unilateral ureteral obstruction in the rat leads to hydronephrosis of the affected kidney and renal cell deletion through the process of apoptosis. We studied this experimental model to determine whether acute alterations in renal growth factor expression might be involved in the initiation of the apoptotic response. Northern blot analysis of hydronephrotic, contralateral and sham operated kidney polyadenylated messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) was performed to quantitate the expression of mRNA encoding the growth factors epidermal growth factor, transforming growth factor-beta and insulin-like growth factor II during the first 48 hours following ureteral obstruction. Although the expression of the insulin-like growth factor II mRNA was unchanged by ureteral obstruction, the expression of epidermal growth factor mRNA rapidly declined in the obstructed kidney during this period. The loss of epidermal growth factor expression was further confirmed by an immunocytochemical staining procedure that demonstrated high concentrations of epidermal growth factor in control renal tubules and a drastic loss of this staining in obstructed renal tubules. In contrast, expression of transforming growth factor-beta mRNA increased in the obstructed kidney. We believe that the altered growth factor environment of the hydronephrotic kidney might be an initiating factor in the onset of renal apoptosis associated with this condition.
Animals↗
The vasculature of the rat penis: a scanning electron microscopic and histologic study.
As a basis for understanding the mechanism of erection in an animal model frequently used in research in reproductive biology, the angioarchitecture of the penis of the rat has been described using scanning electron microscopy. Study of the penile vasculature of the rat indicates that the corpora cavernosa penis and the corpus spongiosum are independent erectile tissues, each with its own arterial and venous vessels. The large vascular spaces and abundant smooth muscle of the penile crura are compatible with its role in regulating blood flow to more distal penile tissues. Helicine arteries of the crura, but not the parent deep penile artery or arteries elsewhere, have muscular cushions in their walls. The venous drainage of the penile crura is via subtunical veins which are thought to be compressed during erection to elevate pressure within the penis. Large, paired cavernous veins drain the shaft of the penis. A unique method for inhibiting blood flow from the penis is indicated by the division of the cavernous veins into smaller channels prior to joining the subtunical venous plexus. Erectile tissue in the bifid origins of the corpus spongiosum has abundant cavernous muscle, while in the remainder of the corpus spongiosum little smooth muscle lines the cavernous spaces. The cavernous spaces on either side of the urethra coalesce to form vessels, each of which communicates with cavernous spaces in the glans. In addition, a bypass of the glans is effected by communication of these vessels directly with the deep dorsal vein. The apparent absence of muscular pads in vessels of the spongiosum, the relative paucity of cavernous smooth muscle, and the ample venous drainage provided by the deep dorsal vein may account for the lack of a venous occlusive mechanism similar to that of the corpora cavernosa penis.
Animals↗
Distribution and origin of neuropeptide Y-immunoreactive fibers in the penis of the rat.
The present study investigated the distribution of neuropeptide Y-immunoreactive fibers to the penis of the rat. In the corpora cavernosa penis, a dense plexus of fibers was associated with arteries, intrinsic cavernosal muscle, and veins, including the deep dorsal vein. In the corpus spongiosum, immunoreactive fibers were present around vascular smooth muscle and at the periphery of the acini of the paraurethral glands. Immunohistochemistry of penile neurons identified by retrograde tracer injection into the penis indicates that about 5% of the penile neurons in the pelvic plexus contained the neuropeptide while larger percentages of penile neurons in the sympathetic chains were immunoreactive for neuropeptide Y. Chemical and surgical sympathectomy greatly reduced the neuropeptide Y- and catecholamine-containing fibers in the erectile tissue but had no clear effect on the neuropeptide Y fibers around the paraurethral glands; a tissue that is not innervated by adrenergic fibers. It is concluded that (1) the widespread distribution of neuropeptide Y indicates that it may function in the control of penile blood flow, (2) with the possible exception of the paraurethral glands, the sympathetic chain is the most likely source of neuropeptide Y fibers in both erectile bodies of the penis, and (3) this peptide may play a role in the secretory functions of the paraurethral glands.
Animals↗
Innervation of the anococcygeus muscle of the rat.
The innervation of the anococcygeus muscle of the rat was investigated with regard to the histochemical features of nerve fibers within the muscle and to the location of the postganglionic autonomic neurons which are the source of these fibers. Acetylcholinesterase-positive fibers and catecholaminergic fibers are abundant in the anococcygeus as well as the related retractor penis muscle. Neuronal somata, either between muscle bundles of the anococcygeus or in the connective tissue sheath, are also acetylcholinesterase-positive. Nerve fibers and a minority of the ganglion cells in the anococcygeus and retractor penis muscles are immunoreactive for vasoactive intestinal polypeptide. Injection of the retrogradely transported dye Fluorogold into the anococcygeus muscle filled neurons in the abdomino-pelvic sympathetic chain, pelvic plexus and a small number of neurons in the inferior mesenteric ganglion. In the pelvic plexus, some neurons were located in the major pelvic ganglion but most were found along the main penile nerve and its branches to the anococcygeus muscle. Immunocytochemistry of these identified neurons indicates that about one half of them are positive for vasoactive intestinal polypeptide. These results raise the possibility that both acetylcholine and vasoactive intestinal polypeptide are important neurotransmitters in autonomic nerves to the anococcygeus muscle.
Acetylcholinesterase↗
Teaching resuscitation--can we improve?
In 1987, a Working Party Report from the Royal College of Physicians addressed the record of resuscitation from cardiopulmonary arrest. Their stated aim was to identify groups for instruction and to determine how required skills should be taught and retained. The recommendation for our specialty was brief: '...trained and competent in basic life support with airway adjuncts'. A survey of local practitioners was undertaken, to study their use of general anaesthesia, intravenous sedation, and relative analgesia and to discuss their resuscitation arrangements.
Anesthesia, Dental↗
Autonomic innervation of reproductive organs: analysis of the neurons whose axons project in the main penile nerve in the pelvic plexus of the rat.
An understanding of the composition of the various nerves of the pelvic plexus is essential in the design of studies to explore the autonomic control of pelvic visceral tissues. As a correlate of this interest, the present study was designed to determine the composition of the main penile nerve in the pelvic plexus of the laboratory rat, an animal commonly used for studies of reproductive physiology. Retrograde tracing studies indicate that the main penile nerve contains neurons which project to the penile crura, the corpus spongiosum, and the bulbourethral glands. The main penile nerve is the major source of neurons which innervate the corpus spongiosum and bulbourethral gland and contains about one-third of all parasympathetic neurons which project to the penile crura. Dye placed on the proximal cut end of the main penile nerve indicates that neurons in the parasympathetic region of the spinal cord (L6-S1) and to a lesser extent a sympathetic region of the cord, L1-L2, provide preganglionic innervation to ganglion cells in the main pelvic nerve. Processes of neurons in dorsal root ganglia L6-S1 and of neurons in the abdominopelvic sympathetic chain course in the main penile nerve to unknown destinations. In many respects this presumed postganglionic fiber tract is essentially a region of the pelvic plexus which subserves extrapelvic visceral tissues.
Animals↗
The alkaline shift in gastric pH after cholecystectomy.
Previous studies using cholescintigraphy and measurement of bile salts in gastric juice have demonstrated that duodenogastric reflux is increased after cholecystectomy, a factor that may contribute to postoperative complaints in some patients. We studied 24-hour continuous gastric pH in healthy subjects, patients with cholelithiasis, and patients who had undergone cholecystectomy. Cholecystectomy decreased the percentage of time that gastric pH is below 2 and increased the time it is above 4 and 6. Furthermore, there was a greater increase in the more alkaline pH values in patients who were symptomatic than in those who were asymptomatic. The results demonstrated that cholecystectomy is associated with an alkaline shift in the 24-hour gastric pH profile that is most marked in symptomatic patients. This suggests that gastric alkaline episodes may be related to some postcholecystectomy symptoms.
Adolescent↗
Penile erection in the rat: stimulation of the hypogastric nerve elicits increases in penile pressure after chronic interruption of the sacral parasympathetic outflow.
Penile erection, a vascular event mediated by the autonomic nervous system, is often adversely affected by injury to the spinal cord. To further characterize the laboratory rat as an animal model of penile erection and to investigate erectile responses following neural injury, the present study has examined pressor penile responses in intact rats and in animals deprived of sacral parasympathetic outflow. Increases in penile pressure result from graded stimulation of postganglionic parasympathetic fibers. The vasodilator response is insensitive to blockade with atropine, a cholinergic antagonist. Penile tumescence also results from stimulation of the pelvic nerve, but not the hypogastric nerve. However, beginning 3 days after unilateral interruption of the pelvic nerve, stimulation of the ipsilateral hypogastric nerve results in an increase in penile pressure. This novel response, which is blocked by a ganglionic antagonist, is maximally developed at 1 week post-lesion, is stable for at least 3 months and remains confined to the side of the lesion. These results suggest that the rat, although relatively small, can be used to obtain quantitative data on penile erection. Moreover, the model may lend itself to an analysis of the mechanisms of altered control of visceral tissues following injury to the nervous system.
Animals↗
Library and information services for nurses.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Community Health Nursing↗
Towards a strategy for teaching information skills to student nurses.
It is being increasingly recognised that nursing needs to be constructively and critically informed by a body of scientific knowledge, and that practitioners need to develop active and independent learning styles which enable them to access, use and evaluate such knowledge. This approach has led to many teachers reexamining their approaches to teaching and learning, with an increasing emphasis upon cultivating lifelong learning and in providing students with the skills to facilitate this process. It is against this backdrop that the authors developed a comprehensive information skills package for student nurses undertaking an ENB Diploma in Nursing Science/Registered General Nurse Course (ENB Pilot Scheme Course). The package was designed specifically for use within the Newcastle Polytechnic Library though with modifications, it could be used in other venues. This paper explores the rationale and structure of the package and its subsequent implementation and evaluation.
Curriculum↗