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Biomedical subjects

H A Müller

Publications and source records attributed to H A Müller.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1992

[Urologic characteristics of 7 patients over 100 years of age].

In the last few decades the old old have increased continuously in numbers. Diseases of the genitourinary organs are a frequent part of the multiple morbidity we are familiar with in such patients. In the 9th decade of life the renal parenchyma is reduced by 30-50%. The decreased glomerular filtration combined with tubular insufficiency leads to disturbances of the electrolyte, water and acid-base balance. In contrast to these involutionary changes in the kidneys, the prostate increases in size owing to varying degrees of hyperplasia, and the incidence of malignant growth increases progressively. A total of 575 patients over the age of 100 years were observed at the Medical Policlinic of Würzburg University, and 7 of these who had pronounced urological disorders are described in detail. The variations in the ageing process are considerable. Urological illnesses in the course of the multiple morbidity usual in this group have a particularly unfavourable influence in the terminal phase of these old old patients.

Aged↗
PubMed1991

Value of nuclear DNA ploidy patterns in patients with prostate cancer after radical prostatectomy.

Flow cytometric analysis of DNA ploidy was performed on prostatic adenocarcinoma specimens from 80 patients. In all these patients a radical retropubic prostatectomy had been performed. The nuclei for DNA ploidy determination were extracted from paraffin-embedded material of whole sections of the prostate from patients treated by radical prostatectomy between 1980 and 1985. DNA ploidy was a strong prognostic indicator independent of tumor grade and tumor stage. DNA ploidy offered additional information on both tumor stage and tumor grade. In stage C disease the likelihood of progression-free survival was 89.5% in diploid tumors and 27.8% in aneuploid tumors after 9 years. In tetraploid tumors all patients progressed after 9 years. The computed survival rates in stage C disease showed that patients with diploid tumors did significantly better than those with aneuploid or tetraploid tumor patterns. These data indicate therefore that DNA ploidy patterns determined by flow cytometric analysis provide important additional prognostic information on prostatic adenocarcinoma treated by radical prostatectomy.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1990

[Thymus hyperplasia in patients with malignant testicular tumors].

Follow-up serial computed tomographic scans of 124 patients treated for testicular cancer with either radiotherapy or retroperitoneal lymphadenectomy alone or in combination with chemotherapy were evaluated. Thymic enlargement occurred three to 20 months after initiation of treatment in 15 of the 124 patients. Thymic enlargement could histopathologically be demonstrated in seven patients as true hyperplasia. One of these seven patients however had evidence of metastatic disease with thymic infiltration by a malignant teratoma. Thus it may be impossible to distinguish benign thymus hyperplasia from tumor-infiltration on the basis of ct information alone and sternotomy may be required. No severe defect of cellular immunity could be found. There is no specific constellation of lymphocytic markers in peripheral blood which could indicate true thymic hyperplasia.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

[Puncture track metastasis after ultrasound-guided fine-needle puncture biopsy. A rare complication?].

Bilaterally enlarged adrenals were diagnosed by ultrasonography in a 57-year-old man with a potentially resectable adenocarcinoma of the lung. Ultrasound-guided fine-needle biopsy of the left adrenal revealed a metastasis, proven cytologically. Chemotherapy was tried but failed to influence tumour growth. Three months later a painful subcutaneous nodule was noted in the area of the previous needle puncture, which on removal proved to be a skin metastasis. The patient died later from the underlying tumour.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1990

Rectal pseudotumor due to Chlamydia trachomatis in a male homosexual.

Chlamydia trachomatis causes a wide spectrum of human genital infections including lymphogranuloma venereum. We describe an unusual case of Chlamydia trachomatis proctitis in a homosexual man presenting with a large, solid tumor in the distal rectum, which was treated successfully by long-term oral doxycycline therapy.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

[Value of commercial enzyme immunoassays in the determination of prostatic acid phosphatase].

In 261 non-selected patients (190 prostate adenoma, 71 carcinoma of prostate) prostatic acid phosphatase (PAP) was measured prior to treatment using three different commercial enzyme immuno assays. According to the normal values given by the manufacturers we found different specificities (ranging from 0.61-0.88) and sensitivities (0.45-0.75). However, the receiver-operating-characteristics-curves (ROC) for each of the tests were similar. Since we observed a considerable overlapping of PAP-activity measured in patients with prostatic adenoma and carcinoma we tried to optimize the specificity of the three assays. The actual cut-off value was determined by use of a tangent with the "a posteriori prevalence" (adenoma:carcinoma = 190:71 = 2.6) on each ROC-curve. With this method we found a similar range of sensitivity (0.38-0.48) and specificity (0.96-0.97). The use of a cut-off-value according to the "a posteriori prevalence" results in optimizing of sensitivity and specificity by taking into account the specific long term distribution of prostate adenoma/carcinoma in the respective material.

Acid Phosphatase↗
PubMed1988

[Haptoglobin determination in the serum of patients following intraoperative autotransfusion using the Haemonetics Cell Saver III. Studies on the loading of patients with free hemoglobin in retransfused erythrocyte concentrate].

In addition to hemodilution, mechanical intraoperative autotransfusion (IAT) is the most important method of preventing or minimizing the transfusion of homologous blood in operations with major blood loss. Most of the problems associated with IAT could be solved by the use of cell separators, but the separated red blood cells still contain an average of 200 mg/dl free hemoglobin. By the determination of haptoglobin levels before and after IAT, we studied the effects of free hemoglobin on the patient. Seventy-seven patients with hip-joint replacement were studied. In one group, n = 47, both intraoperative blood loss and drainage blood (for 6 h post-operatively) were collected and transfused back to the patient after cell separation with the Haemonetics Cell-Saver III as a red-cell concentrate. A second group, n = 34, received only homologous blood. Serum haptoglobin was determined after anesthesia induction and after the last transfusion on the day of operation. There were no significant differences in preoperative haptoglobin levels between both groups. In the IAT group, haptoglobin was significantly lower then in the control group after transfusion (t-test, P = 0.05). In both groups 14% of the patients' haptoglobin levels were pathologic preoperatively. Post-transfusion 60% of the IAT group showed minimum levels while in another 14% no haptoglobin could be measured. In these 14%, free hemoglobin was circulating in the patients' blood because the transport capacity was exhausted. In the control group only 26.5% of the haptoglobin levels were below normal and in no case was transport capacity exhausted (Table 3). The correlation between volume of retransfused autologous blood and decrease in haptoglobin level was small (r = 0.15). In a few cases with low volumes of retransfused blood the haptoglobin decrease may have been greater, so that free hemoglobin may have been present.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Antifilarial activities of benzazole derivatives. 2. Microfilaricidal effects against Litomosoides carinii, Acanthocheilonema. vitae, Brugia malayi and B. pahangi in Mastomys natalensis.

The spectrum of antimicrofilarial activities of eighteen 2-tertbutylbenzazole derivatives was evaluated comparatively in Mastomys natalensis infected with Litomosoides carinii, Acanthocheilonema viteae, Brugia malayi or B. pahangi. The minimal effective dose (DEM) against microfilariae (greater than 95% reduction of microfilariae counts in the peripheral blood) was determined on day 3 (DEM-3), on day 7, 14, 21, 28 and 42 (DEM-7, DEM-14, DEM-21, DEM-28 and DEM-42) after the first treatment. All compounds were effective against the microfilariae of all 4 species. The benzoxazole derivatives were invariably less potent than the corresponding benzothiazole analogues. Upon repeated oral treatment (once daily [o.d.] for five days) the DEM-7 of the benzoxazoles varied depending on the species and on the chemical structure between 25 mg/kg o.d. x 5 and greater than 100mg/kg o.d. x 5 days. Within the benzothiazole series the DEM-7 varied between 6.25 mg/kg o.d. x 5 and 100 mg/kg x 5. In all but 5 of the 40 parasite-compound combinations of the benzothiazoles the 5-methoxy-derivates were more effective than the 5-methyl analogues. Similar differences were found with the eight benz-oxazoles tested. The lowest DEM-7 was observed with compound CGP 20308 which is 2-tert-butyl-5-methoxy-6-isothio-cyanatobenzothiazole and with compound CGP 20376 which is 3-(2-tert-butyl-5-methoxy-benzothiazol-6-yl] amino-thiocabo-nylthio) propionic acid.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1988

Antifilarial activities of benzazole derivatives. 1. Macrofilaricidal effects against Litomosoides carinii, Dipetalonema viteae, Brugia malayi, and B. pahangi in Mastomys natalensis.

Eighteen 2-tert-butyl-benzazole derivatives were evaluated comparatively as macrofilaricidal agents against L. carinii (L.c.), D. viteae (D.v.), B. malayi (B.m.) and B. pahangi (B.p.). Upon repeated treatment (once daily) for five consecutive days the eight benzoxazole derivatives were invariably less potent than the corresponding benzothiazole derivatives. The minimal curative dose (DCM) of the benzoxazoles varied depending on the species and on the chemical structure between 25 and 100 mg/kg p.o. once daily for five days. In the benzothiazole series the lowest DCMs were observed with compound CGP 20376 which is the 5-methoxy-6-dithiocarbamic-S-(2-carboxy-ethyl)ester derivative. This compound eliminated all macrofilariae of L.c., B.m. and Bp. at 6.25 mg/kg p.o. once a day for five days, whereas 12.5 mg/kg x 5 days were needed against D.v. For all other benzothiazole derivatives the DCMs varied between 6.25 mg/kg p.o. x 5 to 100 mg/kg x 5. Six of the most potent benzothiazoles were tested by single oral treatment. In general doses had to be increased 2-4 times to reach minimum curative effects. CGP 20376 was fully effective against B.m. and B.p. at 12.5 mg/kg p.o., against L.c. at 25 mg/kg p.o. and against D.v. at 50 mg/kg p.o.. This compound has been selected from this series of novel benzazoles as a first candidate for trials against human bancroftian filariasis.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1987

[Shoulder luxation. A late clinico-radiologic study].

There are various opinions regarding the aetiology and pathogenesis of dislocation of the shoulder. Various aspects of these theories and their clinical significance have been examined in the course of a clinical and radiological follow-up. Crucial to the development of subluxation is the occurrence of trauma. The age of the patient is important in the prognosis: more than 60% of patients under the age of 30 develop recurrent or persistent dislocation. Apart from a congenital disposition and inadequate treatment, accompanying injuries are primarily responsible for the development of persistent dislocation. Late follow-up has shown that radiologically recognisable post-traumatic changes are apparent in at least one-third of the patients. Persistent symptoms are much more common and consist of pain, limitation of movement, weakness and paraesthesia. In evaluating the late results, one should distinguish between objective functional limitation of movement and subjectively felt reduction in function.

Female↗
PubMed1987

[HIV-antibodies in cord blood samples from Uganda].

Cord blood samples were collected from 140 Ugandan neonates after vaginal delivery from healthy women and were tested for the presence of HIV antibodies. Two ELISA tests were used: "HTLV-III EIA" and "ELAVIA". Eleven (7.9%) of the 140 samples were positive and 127 were negative by both ELISA tests. The positivity of 11 samples was confirmed by immunofluorescence assay and Western blot analysis. Two cord blood samples were negative by the "HTLV-III EIA" test but positive by the "ELAVIA" test. These 2 samples were negative by immunofluorescence assay and positive by Western blot analysis. But only antibodies against the proteins p24, p52, and p65 were revealed. Both samples were negative by radioimmunoprecipitation assay for LAV-I and LAV-II antibodies.

Antibodies, Viral↗
PubMed1987

HLA-B27 typing by use of flow cytofluorometry.

We describe the use of flow cytofluorometry to type lymphocytes for HLA-B27 antigens. We modified the cytotoxicity test of Terasaki and McClelland [Nature (London) 1964;204:998] for use with a flow cytofluorometer. In a second assay we used a commercially available monoclonal anti-HLA-B27 antibody and indirect immunofluorescence staining of cell surfaces. Although this antibody cross reacts with B7 and Bw22 antigens, the results for HLA-B27 and the cross-reacting antigens can be separated. Comparison of our results with those by a HLA-typing laboratory for 100 patients showed total agreement of the assigned typings.

Antibodies, Monoclonal↗
PubMed1987

[Preliminary results of the reactivity of T lymphocytes with HIV- capsid-antibodies].

HIV-infected and noninfected H9-cell cultures were incubated with two antibodies (Biochrom, DuPont) against p24gag antigen (capsid) of HIV: the antibodies show a positive reaction against p24 antigen in the Western blot. The antibody-labeled cells were examined by fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) and by microscope. The labeled infected and uninfected cells show no characteristic fluorescence pattern after previous acetone fixation. By using formalinfixation technique the monoclonal antibody (DuPont) shows a positive fluorescence pattern but also a high unspecific reactivity with uninfected H9-cells. An identification of HIV-infected living cells with this monoclonal capsid antibody seems possible, if the unspecific binding can be reduced.

Antibodies, Viral↗
PubMed1987

Effect of ivermectin in Dipetalonema viteae and Litomosoides carinii infections of Mastomys natalensis.

In D. viteae infected M. natalensis oral or subcutaneous (s.c.) treatment with ivermectin on 5 consecutive days with at least 0.05 mg/kg and single dose treatment with 0.1 mg/kg caused a 100% reduction of microfilaraemia throughout the investigation period of 42 days. Using lower doses (lowest dose used 5 X 0.003 mg/kg) animals were free from circulating microfilariae at least until day 7. The drug was active against adult worms. Treatment with doses of 5 X 0.2 mg/kg and above resulted in 81-93% and 38-83% reductions of male and female worms, respectively. Lower doses caused inconsistent macrofilaricidal effects but mainly male worms were affected. After treatment with 5 X 3.25 mg/kg and above increased rates of pathologically altered intrauterine stages were found in surviving female worms. After treatment of L. carinii infected Mastomys with doses of at least 5 X 1.5 mg/kg animals remained amicrofilaraemic until autopsy on day 42 and in case of lower doses (lowest dose used 5 X 0.006 mg/kg) at least until day 7. After single dose treatment (s.c.) with 0.2 mg/kg and above animals were free from microfilariae in the blood throughout the observation period. Single dose treatment with 0.05 and 0.0125 mg/kg removed all microfilariae from the blood until 8 and 48 hours, respectively but microfilariae occurred in the blood again after 14 days. Ivermectin did not affect the numbers of adult L. carinii but female worms isolated 42 days after treatment with 5 X 0.78 mg/kg and above were free from motile, normally shaped microfilariae and contained increased rates of pathologically altered embryonic stages.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗