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Biomedical subjects

H Ayabe

Publications and source records attributed to H Ayabe.

At least 109 records · Page 6Linked to original sources
PubMed1996

Concordant lung xenograft rejection in a hamster-to-rat model.

This study was conducted to investigate the functional and morphological aspects of orthotopic lung xenograft rejection in a concordant hamster-to-rat donor-recipient species combination. By postoperative day (POD) 3, allotransplanted grafts demonstrated good aeration, but infiltrates were seen in all the xenotransplanted lungs. Antihamster lymphocytotoxic antibody titers increased to 5.2 +/- 1.1 by POD 3 (P < 0.05 vs POD 1) and reached 7.0 +/- 0.8 by POD 5 (P < 0.05 vs PODs 1 and 3). The CD4+/CD8+ ratio in peripheral blood lymphocytes increased significantly on POD 3 (P < 0.05 vs untransplanted), but decreased by POD 5 (P < 0.05). Histologically, on POD 3 the xenotransplanted grafts were characterized by perivascular cellular infiltrates and edema. Cytologically, the cells consisted of small round lymphocytes, monocytes, and occasional neutrophils. Immunohistochemical analysis showed heavy IgM and C3 deposits in the vascular endothelium, without any IgG deposits. Allotransplanted grafts showed moderate W 3/25 + (28.3 +/- 17.3%) and MRC OX8 + (38.7 +/- 0.7%) cellular infiltrations on POD 3, but ED1 + (8.0 +/- 3.7%) cells were rare. Conversely, in the xenotransplanted grafts, ED1 + (34.2 +/- 16.4%) cells were more prevalent than MRC OX8 + (18.1 +/- 16.5%) cells on POD 3, at P < 0.01 and P < 0.05 vs allograft, respectively. These results indicate that both antidonor antibodies and macrophages/monocytes play an important role in the concordant lung xenograft rejection.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

Numerical aberrations of chromosomes 11 and 17 in colorectal adenocarcinomas.

Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) is an easy and efficient means of measuring numerical chromosome aberrations in the interphase nuclei of solid tumors; however, the correlation between numerical chromosome aberrations and the clinical stage of solid tumors remains unknown. Thus, in the present study, we investigated the relationship between numerical chromosome aberrations and clinicopathologic features in colorectal adenocarcinomas. FISH was applied to surgically resected colorectal cancer samples from 45 patients to evaluate the numerical aberrations of chromosomes 11 and 17. The mean age of the patients was 65.1 years, and they comprised 13 women and 32 men. According to Dukes' classification, 5 patients were categorized as stage A, 21 as stage B, 10 as stage C, and 9 as stage D. Histologically, 18 of the samples were lymph node metastasis-positive. FISH revealed numerical aberrations of chromosome 11 in 27 out of the 45 patients (60%), and those with a lower chromosome 11 number had a significantly lower incidence of lymph node metastasis (P < 0.05). Chromosome 17 proved to have numerical abnormalities in 33 of the 45 patients (73%), and those with a higher chromosome 17 number had more DNA aneuploidy (P < 0.005). This is the first report to reveal the relationship between monosomy 11 and lymph node metastasis in colorectal adenocarcinomas.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1996

Bronchoscopic evaluation of bronchial healing after carinal reconstruction.

Bronchoscopic evaluation of the anastomoses created by carinal reconstruction was carried out over a period of 7 weeks in 6 patients who had undergone carinal and lobar resections for lung cancer, and 4 who had undergone carinal resection without pulmonary resection for carinal tumors. The techniques of reconstruction included end-to-end and end-to-side tracheobronchial anastomoses with omental, fat, or pleural wrapping. Bronchial healing at the anastomosis was evaluated using a bronchial healing score (BHS) based on the bronchoscopic findings. The degree of healing was scored on a 0 to 4 scale, with 0 indicating normal mucosa; 1, edema or reddening; 2, mucosal color changes; 3, ulceration; and 4, diffuse ulceration. One postoperative death occurred as a result of anastomotic leakage. The remaining nine patients were divided into three groups according to the bronchoscopic findings on postoperative day (POD) 7: group A (n = 3) had mild ischemia at the anastomosis, group B (n = 3) had moderate ischemia at the anastomosis, and group C (n = 3) had severe ischemia at the anastomosis. Bronchial healing of the anastomosis improved over a 7-week period in groups A and B, but was delayed in group C. These findings led to the conclusion that wound healing of the anastomosis following carinal reconstruction requires more than 7 weeks due to the consequent devascularization resulting from the extended bronchial resection and lymph node dissection.

Aged↗
PubMed1996

Prolongation of lung xenograft survival in rats with a short course of deoxyspergualin and cyclosporin A.

The efficacy of 15-deoxyspergualin (DSG), cyclosporin A (CyA), and splenectomy--alone or in combination--in prolonging the survival of concordant lung xenotransplants was studied in the hamster-to-rat model. In the untreated group, rejection occurred within 3 days, with an elevation of lymphocytotoxic antibody titers. The rejected lung revealed that ED1 + cells were more prevalent than MRC OX8 + cells in the perivascular infiltrates. In the DSG group, the antibody response was suppressed and median survival increased to 7.5 days. The rejected lungs demonstrated a highly significant depression in ED1 + cellular infiltration and a moderate MRC OX8 + cellular infiltration. When maintenance CyA was combined with a short course of DSG, survival dramatically increased to beyond 100 days. There were no deposits of IgM, IgG, or C3 or of any cell infiltrate in the grafts of two animals sacrificed 107 and 119 days post-transplantation. We conclude that initial treatment with DSG combined with continuous CyA can suppress acute rejection in the hamster-to-rat lung xenograft model, resulting in long-term graft survival.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

Gallbladder cancer. A comparative study among clinicopathologic features, AgNORs, and DNA content analysis.

A comparative study among clinicopathologic features, silver-stained nucleolar organizer region associated proteins (AgNORs), and DNA content analysis in 76 patients with gallbladder cancer was performed. The AgNOR count, AgNOR area, and the ration of AgNOR area to nuclear area were significantly higher in patients with a low grade of histological differentiation and deep invasion into the gallbladder wall. Moreover, these parameters were higher in cases with lymph node involvement and distant metastases. DNA ploidy pattern and clinicopathologic features showed to statistical significance. Our results demonstrate that AgNOR parameters are useful indicators to evaluate the malignant behavior of gallbladder cancer. Furthermore, the AgNOR count together with the depth of the neoplastic invasion and lymph node metastases proved to be independent prognostic factors for survival in patients with gallbladder cancer.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Relationship between morphological diversity and AgNORs or cathepsin B expression in colorectal cancers.

The biological characteristics associated with the morphological diversity of colorectal cancers were investigated to elucidate the causes of this diversity. We examined the proliferative and infiltrating activity of tumor cells, indicated by the mean number of Ag nucleolar organizer region associated proteins (NORs) per nucleus (MNA) and the immunohistochemical response to cathepsin B(CB), in various morphological types of early and advanced colorectal cancers. We examined 73 colorectal cancers obtained by endoscopic and surgical resection. MNA values for sessile and flat-elevated cancers were greater than the values for pedunculate, subpedunculate, and flat-or-depressed early cancers (sessile, P < 0.05). In advanced cancers invading the muscularis propria, protruding cancers showed significantly higher MNA values than small ulcerative cancers (P < 0.01). CB expression increased significantly with the progression of colorectal cancers (P < 0.01), but was not related to morphological diversity in early and advanced cancers. In both sessile and flat cancers, CB expression was higher in moderately differentiated than in well differentiated adenocarcinomas. These results indicate that, in colorectal cancers, protruding early cancers without stalks and protruding advanced cancers have higher proliferative activity than pedunculate or flat early cancers and small ulcerative advanced cancers, respectively, and that CB expression is not associated with morphological diversity, but with depth of invasion and histological differentiation.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed1996

Quantitative analysis of numerical chromosome aberrations in various morphological types of colorectal carcinomas.

Quantitative analysis by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) on thin paraffin-embedded tissue sections, using specific probes for chromosomes 11, 17, and 18 was employed in various morphological types of early and advanced colorectal cancer to clarify tumor cytogenetics. The chromosome index (CI) was calculated as a quantitative measure of the chromosome copy number. Compared with the CI of normal epithelium, the CI of chromosome 11 in villous components of adenomas or polypoid early cancers was decreased, while the CI in flat type or advanced colorectal cancers, conversely, was increased (P < 0.05). The CI of chromosome 17 in villous components of adenomas and all cancers was higher than that of normal epithelium (P < 0.05), but the differences were not significant. In protruding advanced cancers, the CI of chromosome 18 was significantly decreased (P < 0.01) compared to the CI of normal epithelium. There was no significant chromosomal heterogeneity between the superficial and the deepest layer in each cancer. In mucosa adjacent to sessile and flat type cancers, the CI of chromosome 17 was significantly higher than the CI in normal epithelium or adenomas (P < 0.05). These results suggest that numerical chromosome aberrations are associated with the histological type of adenoma and the morphological diversity of cancer in the colorectum, and that chromosome 17 abnormality occurs in mucosa adjacent to sessile and flat cancers.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1996

[Two cases of pulmonary dirofilariasis in Nagasaki Prefecture].

We reported two cases of pulmonary dirofilariasis in Nagasaki Prefecture. Each case was admitted to our hospitals for evaluation of an abnormal shadow on chest X-ray film taken for examination. We strongly suspected lung cancer before operation. It was resected in order to confirm the pathological diagnosis. There was a Dirofilaria immitis in the vessels surrounded by the necrotic tissues. The case of pulmonary dirofilariasis tends to increase in Japan, but the positive rate of dogs with Dirofilaria immitis tends to decrease, because of decreasing breeding places of mosquitoes by the spread of the public sewage system in Nagasaki City.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

[Resection and reconstruction of full thickness chest wall].

Nine patients underwent full thickness chest wall resection and reconstruction in our department between January 1981 and December 1994. There were chest wall recurrence of breast cancer in 5 cases, primary chest wall chondrosarcoma in 2, primary chest wall malignant fibrous histiocytoma in 1 and metastatic sternal renal cell carcinoma in 1. Seven of 9 cases underwent partial sternal resection. Sizes of chest wall defects were from 10 x 7 cm to 15 x 14 cm. In eight cases of 9, chest wall reconstruction was by double Marlex mesh repairs and various flaps (major pectoral muscle in 3, major pectoral myocutaneous flap in 2, latissimus dorsi myocutaneous flap in 1 and pedicled omentum in 1). The last case underwent repair with rectus abdominis myocutaneous flap without mesh. There was no operative death. Postoperative complications occurred in 4 patients: partial skin necrosis in 2, skin dehiscence in 1 and respiratory failure in 1. Eight cases are alive now from 9 months to 14 years and 8 months after chest wall reconstruction. One patient with metastatic renal cell carcinoma died of recurrence 3 years after operation. Full thickness chest wall resection and reconstruction is a safe operation and may provide a long-term survival.

Aged↗
PubMed1996

[Suspension of ventilation during extracorporeal membrane oxygenation with veno-venous by pass in dogs].

We studied whether extracorporeal membrane oxygenation with a veno-venous bypass would allow withdrawal of mechanical ventilation. Three mongrel dogs were anesthetized with intravenous pentobarbital. A Swan-Ganz catheter was placed via the left jugular vein into the main pulmonary artery, and an extra-long total volume catheter was placed in the right femoral artery. The animals were placed in the lateral position, and cannulas (15 Fr.) were placed in the inferior vena cava and the superior vena cava via the right jugular vein and the right femoral vein. These cannulas were connected to a pump and a membrane oxygenator. When the pump flow was almost the same as the previous cardiac output, the partial pressure of oxygen in the pulmonary artery, was high enough to allow ventilation to be suspended. All dogs survived. This suggests that extracorporeal membrane oxygenation with a veno-venous bypass can allow mechanical ventilation to be suspended during tracheocarinal operations such as tracheocarcinal resection.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

[Clinical treatment with cisplatin (CDDP) in pleural cavity for carcinomatous pleurisy--study of intraarterial concentration].

We investigated the intraarterial concentration of CDDP following continuous hyperthermic pleural perfusion (CHPP, 43 degrees C for 30 to 60 minutes) with 100 mg CDDP diluted in distilled water or saline in 6 lung cancers (2 pleural dissemination, 1 malignant pleural effusion, 3 positive wash cytology), 2 metastatic lung cancer (from breast cancer, 1 rhabdomyosarcoma with pleural dissemination), and 1 metastatic pleural tumor (adenocarcinoma, unknown origin). The level of CDDP was 9.16 to 24.1 micrograms/ml (average 16.1) in perfusion fluid, 0.3 after 5 minutes, 0.41 to 0.85 after 60 minutes and 0.15 to 0.27 (average 0.22) after 24 hours. There were no severe side effects nor any difference in effects by dilution fluid between distilled water and saline. Only 1 patient suffered pleural effusion after this treatment. The results suggested that CHPP with CDDP diluted by saline was effective for prevention and treatment of pleural dissemination.

Aged↗
PubMed1996

[A case of solitary splenic metastasis from colon cancer].

A 58-year-old male who had a left hemicolectomy for descending colon cancer on July 1, 1993 was admitted to our hospital. A CT scan revealed a homogeneous low-density mass in the inferior portion of the spleen. Under the diagnosis of solitary splenic metastasis, a splenectomy was performed on August 10, 1995. Histologically, splenic tumor revealed moderately differentiated adenocarcinoma consistent with the primary tumor. Flow cytometric analysis revealed DNA diploidy in the primary tumor, and DNA aneuploidy (DNA index = 1.76) in the metastatic tumor. Using fluorescence in situ hybridization with p17 H8, numerical aerrations of chromosome 17 were observed in the primary tumor.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1995

Significance of Flow Cytometric DNA Analysis from Freshly Aspirated Samples.

The procedure of aspiration biopsy cytology by fine needle aspiration (ABC) is as option in establishing definitive diagnoses for breast cancers. In this series, a needle size of 21G was considered most suitable for ABC as well as flow cytometric DNA analysis. Histograms from fresh samples aspirated by fine needle clearly delineated a sharp peak in G&sup0;G(1) phases and also a better CV was obtained than with paraffin-embedded preparations. In addition, fresh samples gave more reliable DI and suggested the value of measuring nuclear DNA contents. It is believed that the prognoses of breast cancers are closely associated with DNA ploidy patterns. In this sense, flow cytometric DNA analysis of fresh samples of ABC is regarded as important in clinical use.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1995

Surgical management of adrenal metastasis from bronchogenic carcinoma.

Surgical treatment for metastatic lesions from lung cancer is seldom performed. We have treated three patients with a unilateral adrenal metastasis with adrenalectomy. Simultaneous resection of primary lung cancer and adrenal metastasis was performed in two cases. This is the first report of such surgical management. Adrenalectomy after lung resection was done in the third case. Two of the patients are alive and well more than 5 years after adrenalectomy. These cases are presented, and the literature is reviewed.

Adenocarcinoma↗