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H Balner

Publications and source records attributed to H Balner.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1981

Mixed lymphocyte reactivity in chimpanzees. II. Family studies and identification of D locus antigens.

A large number of related chimpanzees were tested in mixed lymphocyte cultures against each other. Several similarities among the D locus products coded for by different ChLA haplotypes were observed. Six animals were found to be homozygous for D locus antigens and two of these animals carried the same D specificity. Hence, the available "typing cells" permitted the identification of five D locus antigens of the chimpanzee. So far, no linkage disequilibrium has been found between any of the D locus antigens and ChLA-A or -B locus antigens.

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PubMed1981

The major histocompatibility complex of rhesus monkeys. XIV. A family study of DR and other RhLA-linked cell membrane antigens.

The segregation of B-cell specific (Ia) determinants was studied in a large number of rhesus families. As expected, on the basis of results of a recent population study, the eight serologically defined DR antigens segregated as alleles of a single locus within RhLA. Two or three antigens not controlled by DR remained candidates for a second Ia series closely linked to DR. The 162 identifiable haplotypes provided interesting information regarding positive associations among antigens of two, three or even four sets of RhLA loci. Further, a new series of antigens closely linked to the RhLA-A locus could be postulated. Data obtained from 8 recombinant offspring permitted a better definition of the mapping position of all known loci of RhLA.

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PubMed1980

Antisera recognising HLA-A, -B and DRW antigens raised in rhesus monkeys.

Rhesus monkeys were immunized with partially purified HLA-A, -B, -C and DR antigens. The resulting sera were shown to have activity against species-specific determinants on both HLA-A, -B, -C chains and beta 2 microglobulin by the use of somatic cell hybrids. When this was removed by absorption, the sera showed activity against three of the four HLA-A and -B antigens in the immunogen when tested on a panel of peripheral blood lymphocytes and T cells. Antibodies recognizing HLA-DR antigens were detected by testing platelet absorbed sera on a panel of typed lymphoblastoid cell lines. After absorption to remove activity against species-specific determinants on the HLA-DR antigens, two cross reacting specificities were defined. One consisted of a determinant in common between HLA-DRw1, 2 and 6 and the other a putative determinant in common between HLA-DRw4, and 5. The nature and significance of these cross-reacting groups of HLA-DR antigens is discussed in the light of current HLA-DR serology and the nature of HLA antigens in general.

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PubMed1980

Mixed lymphocyte reactivity in chimpanzees. I. Some technical and genetic aspects.

One-way mixed lymphocyte culture (MLC) tests were performed among the members of five chimpanzee harems in all possible combinations: parents, parent-child, siblings and half-siblings. The technical aspects of MCL testing in chimpanzees appeared to be very similar to those observed for human and rhesus monkey MLC's. Two unexpected observations were made for which no satisfactory explanation can as yet be give: firstly, the occurrence of animals with consistently high autologous values and secondly, the existence of chimpanzees displaying low MLC responsive. The high autologous values occurred mostly in older imported animals (25% with high autologous values), while only one of the 45 laboratory born animals showed this phenomenon. Low responsiveness occurred in a few offspring belonging to a single harem only and is therefore likely to be genetically controlled but, as it appeared, not by genes linked to ChLA. Data suggesting the existence of an MHC-linked "major MLC" or D locus were confirmed and extended. A gene dose effect for D locus antigens was demonstratable, i.e., combinations of related animals differing for one showed lower MLC responses than combinations differing for two ChLA haplotypes. The number of D locus alleles was estimated to be 10.

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PubMed1980

The major histocompatibility complex of rhesus monkeys. XIII. Current knowledge of DR and other B-cell specific antigens.

Results of a population study with all currently available B-cell specific alloantisera indicate that eight antigens controlled by the RhLA-linked DR locus can now be identified. This leaves a gene frequency of about 0.15 for unidentified or "blank" antigens of that locus. Of the nine identifiable Ia antigens which are not controlled by the DR locus, three or four may form the basis of a second series which is probably also controlled by the RhLA region.

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PubMed1980

Evidence of similar organization of the chromosomes carrying the major histocompatibility complex in man and other primates.

The chromosome localization and gene synteny of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) of the great apes and rhesus monkey were investigated using somatic cell hybrids. The presence of the MHC antigens was determined either with a microadsorption technique employing primate alloantisera, or with a radioimmune assay. The enzymes phosphoglucomutase 3 (PGM3), glyoxalase 1 (GLO1), mitochondrial superoxide dismutase (SOD2), and soluble maleic enzyme (ME1) were assayed in those hybrids where electrophoretic separations could be achieved. A chromosome homologous to the human No. 6 was found in the chimpanzee, gorilla, orangutan and rhesus monkey, and its genomic organization is similar to that of man.

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PubMed1980

The DR system of rhesus monkeys: a brief review of serology, genetics, and relevance to transplantation.

The DR locus of rhesus monkeys and the relevance of its products to histocompatibility was briefly reviewed. Current knowledge of serology and genetics reveal that, as in man, the DR locus of the rhesus monkey is less polymorphic than the A or B loci of the MHC, that DR antigens are highly associated (or identical) with the D or major MLC locus antigens, and the there are several groups of cross-reacting DR antigens. Further, there is evidence for the existence of (B-cell-specific) Ia antigens that are not controlled by DR but by other genes, located inside or outside the RhLA region. With regard to histocompatibility, matching unrelated individuals for DR antigens (and, by implication, for D antigens) has a highly beneficial influence on kidney allograft prognosis. However, provisional data indicate that DR matching of unrelated monkeys does not have a beneficial influence on skin graft survival or on the fate of lethally irradiated monkeys treated with hemopoietic stem cell concentrates. Matching for SD antigens, an the other hand, does not improve kidney allograft prognosis, but has a distinctly positive influence on skin and bone marrow transplantation among unrelated rhesus monkeys.

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PubMed1979

Influence of blood transfusions and matching for DR antigens on kidney allograft survival in unrelated rhesus monkeys.

Kidney transplantations were performed in unrelated, immunosuppressed rhesus monkeys matched for two DR antigens and given five pretransplant transfusion of whole blood. The host-donor combinations were either reactive or nonreactive in mixed lymphocyte culture (MLC) and shared up to three A and B locus antigens with their blood and kidney donors. Although previous monkey experiments had shown a definite positive influence of DR matching as well as of pretransplant transfusions on graft survival, this was not found in the current experiments (the mean survival time for the MLC responsive group was 21.3 days for the MLC nonresponsive group 28.2 days). It appears therefore that the combination of pretransplant transfusions and matching for DR antigens does not have an additive or synergistic effect on graft survival. In fact, the prominent transfusion effect demonstrated previously may have been somehow compromised by matching for DR antigens. Alternatively, the clearly positive effect of matching for two DR antigens may have been reduced or lost as a consequence of giving the blood transfusions.

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PubMed1979

The RhLA complex of rhesus monkeys. XI: Positive MLC reactions between identical sibs caused by alloimmunization.

D-locus identical pairs of monkeys were alloimmunized. An exchange of skin and blood between initially MLC-negative unrelated monkeys frequently led to strong mutual reactivity in mixed cultures. This was not the case when RhLA identical siblings were similarly (mutually) immunized. These data led to the postulation of a second RhLA-linked MLC locus, named D', which exerts its influence only after alloimmunization. Interestingly, strong MLC responsiveness between the RhLA identical siblings could be provoked after further immunization with tissue from a thired party animal. This unexpected MLC-reactivity is ascribed to the in fluence of minor non MHC linked loci which express themselves if the responder has been sensitized against a disparate D'-product. It is suggested that the postulated D' locus has a "helper function" in that it assists in triggering proliferative responses in mixed cultures against the products of these non MHC loci.

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PubMed1979

The major histocompatibility complex of Rhesus monkeys. XII: Cellular typing for D locus antigens in families.

Typing cells (TC) were used for the identification of D locus antigens in rhesus monkey families. The antigens defined by this cellular method always segregated with the other RhLA-controlled markers except in one offspring with a proven recombination within the RhLA region; in that case, the D antigen was inherited in coupling with an antigen of the Ia1 locus (the analog of the human DR locus). With two exceptions, each TC or group of TC's was associated with one of the serologically defined Ia1 antigens. The two exceptions were associated with "blanks" of that series. Interestingly, two independent (mutually MLC responsive) TC groups appeared to be associated with the same Ia1 antigen 75. Equally noteworthy was the observed "inclusion phenomenon" among cells of several TC groups, each associated with a single Ia1 antigen or blank of that series. In these cases, some of the TC's of the group were unidirectionally MLC-responsive against other cells of the same group. Certain pitfalls of cellular typing are discussed; unexpected "false positive" results were attributed to prior immunization with products of non-D loci which have described recently (van Es & Balner 1978b).

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PubMed1978

The major histocompatibility complex of rhesus monkeys. VIII. Isolation and partial characterization of SD antigens.

The structure and chemical nature of the serologically defined (SD) antigens coded by the major histocompatibility complex (RhLA) of rhesus monkeys was studied. The use of specific anti-SD sera allowed the selective isolation of the corresponding antigens from crude antigen preparations. These were obtained by detergent solubilization after incorporation of 3H, 35S, and 14C amino acids in lymphocytes or mitogen-stimulated lymphoblasts. The results indicate that the SD antigens are of proteinaceous nature and are composed of two polypeptide chains with molecular weights of 44,000 and 12,000, the latter being beta 2-microglobulin. No differences in molecular size and subunit composition were detected between antigens of both segregant series. The results are discussed in relation to similar data available for the analogous human and murine histocompatibility antigens.

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