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Biomedical subjects

H Balner

Publications and source records attributed to H Balner.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1978

Attempts to induce immunological enhancement for kidney allografts in rhesus monkeys.

Various rhesus alloantisera were tested for their capacity to induce enhancement of kidney allograft survival in D locus-incompatible rhesus monkeys. Six experimental groups were investigated: 1, ten allografted monkeys remained untreated; 2, six recipients were treated with Imuran and prednisolone; 3, eight rhesus monkeys were treated with a polyspecific "anti-SD" serum; 4, four animals were given oligospecific antikidney serum; 5, four monkeys were treated with oligospecific antiblood serum; and 6, nine recipients were given anti-Ia-like sera plus immunosuppressive treatment with Imuran and prednisolone. It was found that neither treatment with Imuran and prednisolone nor the administration of any of the alloantisera had a substantial effect on kidney graft survival. However, there appeared to be a difference in renal function among experimental groups. At 6 days after grafting, the mean blood urea level in the group treated with Ia-like antisera was found to be significantly lower than those of all other groups. It is discussed that this favourable effect is attributable to treatment with anti-Ia-like sera and not to the additional factors (conventional immunosuppression and partial matching for Ia-like antigens) occurring in this experimental group.

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PubMed1978

Serological matching for D locus antigens improves kidney allograft survival in rhesus monkeys.

A prospective study performed in unrelated, unimmunized rhesus monkeys revealed that serological matching for D-associated Ia1 antigens improves kidney allograft prognosis, provided that the recipients are nonreactive in mixed lymphocyte cultures (MLC) against their donors. MLC-negative host-donor combinations showed a more than 3-fold increase in the mean survival time as compared with MLC-positive combinations. Apparently, compatibility for the most important MLC-stimulating determinants is required for a significant improvement in graft survival. On the other hand, matching for A and B loci antigens did not play a decisive role. Since the relatively simple matching on the basis of identity for Ia1 (or DR) antigens yields a rather high proportion of MLC-nonreactive combinations, this method is likely to become an essential addition to the conventional matching procedures, also in clinical organ transplantation.

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PubMed1978

Influence of a single blood transfusion on kidney allograft survival in unrelated rhesus monkeys.

A prospective study was performed in moderately immunosuppressed unrelated rhesus monkeys to investigate the influence of a single transfusion on kidney allograft survival. The recipients received either whole citrated blood or plasma-free transfusates consisting of pure red blood cell or lymphocyte suspensions. Except for one group, in which blood and kidney donors were optimally matched, transfusions and kidney allografts were disparate for two to four A/B locus antigens with the recipients. Transfusions were given 2 to 4 weeks before kidney grafting, except in one experimental group where the recipients were transfused 0 to 12 hr before transplantation. The general trend was that graft prolongation could be obtained with all experimental protocols. However, it was also shown that a single transfusion entails the risk of accelerated rejection. This adverse effect was not observed in the animals receiving blood and kidneys from donors optimally matched for A/B locus antigens and in recipients transfused shortly before or during transplantation. These results may contribute to a further improvement of the current clinical transfusion policy.

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PubMed1978

The major histocompatibility complex of Rhesus monkeys IX. Current concepts of serology and genetics of Ia antigens.

Eleven Ia or B-cell specificities of rhesus monkeys have been serologically identified. They are probably all controlled by the RhLa complex, but, according to results of a large population and family study, only five or six can be placed in a segregant series, designated as Ia1. Data from recombinant offspring in two rhesus families place the Ia1 locus in the close vicinity of the D or major MLC locus within RhLA. The genetic control of the Ia antigens not defined by the Ia1 locus has not yet been clarified.

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PubMed1978

Inhibition of MLC responder and stimulator function with allo-antisera in rhesus monkeys.

Ten antisera containing antibodies directed against specificities controlled by the Ia1 locus of rhesus monkeys were tested for their ability to inhibit the MLC reaction. In cultures with responding cells from the serum producer, all sera with anti-Ia1 activity depressed the stimulatory capacity of cells carrying the Ia1 antigen in question. In other responder/stimulator combinations, the stimulation-inhibition was Ia1-related for the majority of the antisera. These data provide further evidence for a possible identity (or close association on the cell membrane) between Ia1 and D locus determinants of rhesus monkeys. In addition, some sera showed an inhibitory effect also on responder cells (with cells from the serum producer as stimulators). There was no apparent relation of response inhibition to the Ia1 specificities detected by antisera.

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PubMed1978

RhLA complex of Rhesus monkeys. X. Implications of the association between D and Ia1 locus antigens.

A high association has been found between D-locus determinants defined by cellular methods (typing cells) and the serologically defined B cell or Ia antigens controlled by the Ia1 locus. Data from recombinant offspring in two rhesus families place the Ia1 locus within RhLA, in the close vicinity of the D or major MLC locus. In fact, identity between the products of those two loci cannot be excluded. Further, it was shown that cells proven to be homozygous for Ia1 antigens, are nearly always typing cells (and therefore homozygous for D-locus determinants) and, conversely, that proven typing cells carry only a single Ia1 antigen and are thus probably homozygous for Ia1 products. In addition, it could be demonstrated that matching for Ia1 antigens greatly facilitates the detection of unrelated individuvals who are mutually non-reactive in MLC. This "predictive value" of Ia1 matching has important implications for the selection of optimal donors for organ transplantation.

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PubMed1978

The major histocompatibility complex of chimpanzees: identification of several new antigens controlled by the A and B loci of ChLa.

The serology and genetics of 17 serologically defined tissue antigens of chimpanzees is described. Analysis of their distribution in 200 unrelated chimpanzees and their segregation in a large number of chimp families suggests that 14 of the antigens are controlled by two closely linked loci: seven by the A and seven by the B locus of ChLA. Typing of chimpanzees with human alloantisera revealed that several of those A and B locus antigens of ChLA are the chimp's serological counterparts of A and B locus antigens of the human HLA system, respectively. One of the newly discovered chimp antigens may be defined by a "third series" of ChLA, most likely the chimp's analogue of the human HLA-C series. The probable existence of a ChLA-linked D locus of chimpanzees and similarities between D-locus and Ia-locus (DRw) antigens of chimpanzee and man, are also briefly discussed.

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PubMed1977

Blood-transfusions induce prolonged kidney allograft survival in rhesus monkeys.

A prospective study has been carried out in rhesus monkeys to investigate the influence of blood-transfusions on kidney allograft survival. Unrelated animals matched for 2 or 3 antigens of the A and B locus of the major histocompatibility complex were given five consecutive blood-transfusions before transplantation and received conventional immunosuppressive treatment. Transfused recipients showed a four-fold increase in mean survival time compared with the non-transfused controls. These results may contribute to a change of policy regarding blood-transfusions in transplant patients.

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PubMed1977

The major histocompatibility complex of rhesus monkeys, RhL--A. VII. Identification of five new serologically defined antigens.

Five new serologically defined (SD) tissue antigens of rhesus monkeys are described. Results of a population study and a segregation analysis in families were consistent with their control by the major histocompatibility complex (MHC), as alleles of the two previously established SD loci of RhL--A. The number of identifiable SD specificities of the rhesus monkeys' MHC is now twenty-five, thirteen controlled by the SD1 locus and twelve by SD2. The recombination frequency between SD1 and SD2 is estimated to be 0.3%. No evidence of a third SD series, as analogue of the human HLA--C locus, has yet been found.

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PubMed1976

The major histocompatibility complex of rhesus monkeys. VI. Serology and genetics of Ia-like antigens.

The serology and genetics of11 new cell surface alloantigens of rhesus monkeys are described: They are controlled by the mamor histocompatibility complex but are distinct from the conventional serologically defined (SD) antigens ofRhL-A. The new specifications are termed "Ia-like" because ofserological, immunocytological and other characteristics reminiscent of Ia-antigens of the mouse. Population and family analyses led to the postulation of two segregant series controlling eight of the 11 Ia-like specificities of the monkey. Strong linkage disequilibria with SD2 antigens and genetic mapping on the basis of segregation studies in recombinant offspring in the monkey families, places at least one of the two loci in the vicinity of the SD2 locus of RhL-A, not in the region of the major MLC or LD1 locus. For this and other reasons, the new B-cell alloantigens of rhesus monkeys are not believed to be similar to or associated with the stimulator antigens of LD1. The biological function(s) of the Ia-like antigens of primates are as yet unknown.

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PubMed1976

The antigens 4a and 4b in rhesus monkeys and stumptailed macaques.

Small panels of rhesus and stumptailed macaques were tested in a cytotoxic assay against human and chimpanzee 4a and 4b alloantisera. The human antisera were also absorbed by macaque platelets and the effect on the serum titer against human cells considered. Results of both types of testing conclusively demonstrated the presence of 4a- and 4b-like antigens on the cells of these two macaque species. Although the frequencies of both specificities were different from those observed for man and chimpanzee, they showed an alternative distribution in the monkey populations as they do in the highest primates.

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PubMed1976

Inhibition of human monocyte spreading. An in vitro test for immunosuppressive potency of antihum lymphocyte globulin.

Monocytes from human peripheral blood, when incubated in vitro, spread onto the surface of the glass. Horse antihuman lymphocyte globulin (ALG) added to the incubation chamber inhibits the spreading, while normal horse globulin (NHG) does not. The inhibition depends on the concentration of ALG admixed to the mononuclear blood cells. Eleven coded samples of antihuman ALG were assayed for the ability to inhibit monocyte spreading. This potential was then compared to the in vivo immunosuppressive effect of the same samples determined by the prolongation of skin allograft survival in subhuman primates. It was found that the in vitro inhibitory acttivity correlated rather well with the in vivo immunosuppression, Therefore, the inhibition of monocyte spreading is proposed as an additional test system for the in vitro evaluation of the immunosuppressive potential of antihuman ALG.

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