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H Boeing

Publications and source records attributed to H Boeing.

123 records · Page 7Linked to original sources
PubMed1992

[Tobacco smoking and alcohol consumption as risk factors for stomach cancer in different locations and histologic types].

A multicancer hospital based case-control study involving interviews with 741 incident male and female gastric cancer cases under the age of 75 years and an equal number of age and sex matched controls has been carried out in Poland. Smoking cigarettes without filter increased the risk for intestinal cancer in the cardia part of the stomach (OR = 3.72, 95% CI: 1.35-10.23). Relative risk of the intestinal type of cancer in the distal part of the stomach was augmented with the increasing frequency and amount of vodka drinking. Subjects who drank vodka at least once a week had about 4.5 times the risk of intestinal cancer of the gastric corpus compared to non-drinkers (RR = 4.45, CI: 2.26-8.75). The relative risk of intestinal carcinoma in the distal stomach due to vodka drinking among those who used to drink vodka on an empty stomach was also elevated (RR = 3.28, CI: 1.33-8.13), but the effect of years of vodka drinking habit failed to show significant association with gastric cancer. A weak interaction effect between smoking and vodka drinking was found for intestinal cardia cancer. Diffuse type gastric carcinoma or mixed type carcinoma were not significantly related to smoking or vodka drinking habits.

Aged↗
PubMed1991

Case-control study on stomach cancer in Germany.

A multicentric hospital-based case-control study was simultaneously performed in a high-risk and a low-risk area for stomach cancer in Germany, 143 patients with incident stomach cancer and 579 controls completing a retrospective interview about life style aspects. Periods of non-centralized water supply or well water as the only source compared to life-long central water supply, and preservation of meat by smoking it with spruce compared to no home smoking of meat, were significantly associated with an increased stomach cancer risk. use of a refrigerator at home for 30 and more years compared to 24 years or less showed an inverse relationship, whereas salt intake estimated by questionnaire showed no relationship to stomach cancer risk. Tobacco smoking was negatively associated with risk for current smokers of cigarettes compared to non-smokers but was presumably not causally related. After adjustment for other food constituents, only increased vitamin C consumption showed an inverse relation to risk. For food groups, increased consumption of fruit, citrus fruit, cheese and whole-meal bread were associated with decreased risk. A similar effect was also seen for increased consumption of raw vegetables. Total vegetable consumption was not particularly associated with risk. Increased consumption of processed meat and of beer showed a positive association with risk whereas increased wine and liquor consumption showed a significant negative association. The association of alcoholic beverages with stomach cancer risk may reflect a particular life style rather than being causally related to risk.

Alcohol Drinking↗
PubMed1991

Dietary risk factors in intestinal and diffuse types of stomach cancer: a multicenter case-control study in Poland.

A hospital-based, multicenter, case-control study has been performed in Poland covering 741 incident stomach-cancer cases (520 males and 221 females) and the same number of controls. All stomach-cancer diagnoses were evaluated for histologic type according to the Lauren criteria. Fifty-one percent were of the intestinal type, 35 percent of the diffuse type, and 8.5 percent of the mixed type. The frequency of consumption of individual food items and several food groups was analyzed and the association of various foods with stomach cancer risk was evaluated after controlling for sex, age, occupation, education, and residency. Increased consumption of sausages was related significantly to gastric cancer risk, whereas increased consumption of cheese products, nonwhite bread, vegetables, and fruit was associated with decreased risk. A particularly strong decrease in risk was associated with consumption of radishes and onions. When consumption of fruits and vegetables, sausages, nonwhite bread, and cheese were introduced simultaneously in a multivariate model, independent effects were found only for fruit and vegetables, sausages, and nonwhite bread. The use of table salt, the frequency of eating hot meals, and an irregular eating pattern were also associated with increased risk, while additional consumption of fruit between meals showed reduced risk. If a reduction in vegetable and fruit consumption took place after marriage, an increased risk for stomach cancer was found, whereas augmented consumption of these food items after marriage decreased the risk. Separate risk models were calculated for stomach cancer of the intestinal and diffuse types, but both histologic varieties showed the same pattern of associations with dietary risk factors.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1991

Epidemiological research in stomach cancer: progress over the last ten years.

In this paper the progress of epidemiological research in stomach cancer during 1980-1990 is reviewed in respect to regional variation, etiology, and formation of carcinogens. The evaluation of 4 cohort and 16 case-control studies revealed a consistently inverse relationship of stomach cancer risk with raw vegetables, fruit, and wholemeal bread consumption and with vitamin C and carotene intake. Milk, cooked vegetables and vitamins A and E were not consistently found to be related to stomach cancer risk. Positive associations of increasing consumption with stomach cancer risk were occasionally found for processed or particularly prepared meat and fish, and for nitrite. Dietary nitrate intake did not appear to be related to stomach cancer risk in these studies. This latter observation is also supported by metabolic studies in high- and low-risk areas for stomach cancer. Consistently among studies, increased risk for stomach cancer was also found for later availability of refrigeration facilities in the household, non-centralized water supply (especially well water), and high salt intake. Prospective studies agreed in an increased risk for stomach cancer for cigarette smoking, but not for alcohol drinking, whereas case-control studies showed divergent results on these factors. Recent metabolic studies in high- and low-risk areas for stomach cancer or in groups with precursor lesions, with the N-nitrosoproline test as a marker for endogenous nitrosation, revealed inconsistent results. Higher nitrite concentration and increased pH in stomach juice were found to be associated with precursor conditions for stomach cancer. It is still not clear whether intake of preformed carcinogens or endogenous formation in the stomach with or without the inclusion of nitrite is the most important source of tumor-initiating or -promoting substances. Preservation or preparation of meat and fish may play an important role in this process, and vitamin C may be an inhibiting substance.

Alcohol Drinking↗
PubMed1991

Regional risk factors for stomach cancer in the FRG.

A multicentric, hospital-based, case-control study was conducted in high- and low-risk areas for stomach cancer in the Federal Republic of Germany, by which means a low intake of dietary vitamin C (relative risk [RR] = 2.32, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.22-4.43 for lowest against highest quintile), noncentralized water supply (RR = 2.17, CI 1.14-4.13 against central water supply), refrigerator use for less than 25 years (RR = 1.33, CI 0.82-2.15 against more than 30 years), and the use of spruce for smoking meat at home (RR = 3.33, CI 1.56-7.12 against not smoking meat at home), were identified as factors potentially causally related to stomach cancer occurrence. The attributable risk for gastric carcinoma among the population (AR) was 37.5% for low vitamin C intake, 37.2% for noncentralized water supply, 10.6% for late refrigerator use, and 4.15% for use of spruce for smoking meat at home in this analysis. The overall ARp amounted to 68.3%. These personally linked factors also showed a strong regional distribution, in that the low-risk area had more favorable categories of exposure. Traditional nutritional habits around 1910 were recorded during a survey by ethnologists in 1965. This material was used to contrast those in high and low stomach cancer risk areas with the habits in the south of Germany in general. Vegetable use was most common in the low-risk area, whereas mashed potatoes, cabbage, and farinaceous dishes dominated in the high-risk area. Tomatoes were introduced several years later into the high-risk area, both in terms of consumption and cultivation.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Case-Control Studies↗
PubMed1989

Strategies for analyzing nutritional data for epidemiological purposes--conceptual framework.

The relation between nutritional factors and health investigated in epidemiological studies are often inconsistent. One of the reasons for such findings can be the improper addressing of the multitude of nutritional dimensions in the specific study situation such as physiological individuality of human beings, different living conditions, or numerous interdependencies between nutritional variables. Epidemiological research in nutrition and health should recognize such facts and work with appropriate study models and adequate data analyses. Instead of investigating heterogeneous populations it is advisable to concentrate on specific "types" of people. Under consideration of the study goals such "types" can be compiled according to physiological properties, e.g., cholesterol sensitivity, or biological-constitutional factors such as body build, life-style entities, or other factors. The variety of nutrition factors far beyond the commonly applied nutrient values can be expressed in integrated indices of "food patterns". Such "food patterns" can be derived in many ways. They can be deduced from theories by using specific criteria, but also explored by modern multivariate statistical analyses. The ways leading to "food patterns" are discussed. The ideas presented and discussed in this paper lead to an improved model for research in the field of nutrition and health with integrated indices of "food patterns" as the critical point. It is assumed that using this approach will generate new insight in the relation of nutrition and health, a currently still diffuse research area.

Eating↗
PubMed1989

Results from a comparative dietary assessment in Europe: I. Comparison of dietary information derived from concurrently applied frequency questionnaires and quantitative measurement instruments.

Data from four central European dietary investigations carried out between 1982 and 1984 in the German Democratic Republic, Poland and the Federal Republic of Germany applying both a food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) and a quantitative recording instrument (24-h recall, 3-d record or 10- to 14-d record) were analysed to compare frequency of food consumption as reported by the FFQ with the corresponding information as derived from the quantitative instrument. The actual intake was found to be overestimated by the FFQ for categories of frequent consumption and underestimated for categories of rare consumption. Categories for which both instruments yielded similar estimates of frequency were found to vary between food items and to depend on the overall frequency of consumption of an item. This indicates that when using unvalidated FFQs and taking their FFQ-categories literally artificial differences of food consumption within the population(s) under study can be introduced. This implies also the tendency that the average food intake estimated through FFQs can yield unrealistically high values for items consumed frequently.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Results from a comparative dietary assessment in Europe: II. Feasibility of pooling individual-based dietary data between countries.

Dietary investigations in four central European survey populations carried out in the German Democratic Republic, Poland and Denmark between 1982 and 1984 using different methodologies were analysed in order to assess the possibilities of characterizing the dietary habits of individual survey participants in a comparable fashion. This was done with the view of assessing the feasibility of a pooled cancer cohort study. For this purpose a method has been devised to combine dietary information derived by food frequency questionnaires and quantitative recording methods into a quantitative characterization of individuals' habits. A comparable characterization between different cultural settings could be demonstrated for a selected list of food items. The selection was determined by the food items considered in common in the different food frequency questionnaires and yielding sufficient and comparable variation as well as absolute amounts of intake. This was more clearly found for food items such as 'fruit' which experience a concise role in dietary habits. However, the observed discrepancies of the different dietary methods within the countries, and, most importantly, between the countries, result in distributions of average daily consumption values which are not deemed to be comparable.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Arterial hypertension and glycemia in non-diabetic subjects: is there an association independent of obesity?

BACKGROUND: A possible association of glycemia with arterial hypertension has been suggested by the frequent co-occurrence of impaired glucose tolerance or Type 2 diabetes mellitus with arterial hypertension. The objective was to examine the relationship of glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) concentration with arterial hypertension status in non-diabetic subjects. METHODS: A cross-sectional analysis of baseline data from the EPIC-Potsdam Cohort Study, Germany, was performed. The study population comprised 1846 non-diabetic subjects, 772 men and 1074 women, age 35-65. Blood pressure was measured three times consecutively. Level of HbA1c was determined by an assay based on monoclonal antibodies. Body height, weight and circumferences were obtained. Arterial hypertension status was either determined through blood pressure measurement (blood pressure > or = 160/95 mmHg) or based on antihypertensive drug use. HbA1c was divided into sex-specific quintiles and logistic regression was used to estimate the odds of being hypertensive and the corresponding confidence intervals. RESULTS: The highest compared to the lowest quintiles of HbA1c were in univariate analysis associated with being hypertensive. Adjustment for age and body mass index completely removed any significant association with arterial hypertension status. The odds ratio in men was 1.1 (95% CI 0.7-1.8), and in women it was 0.9 (95% CI 0.5-1.4). Repeating the analysis with systolic and diastolic blood pressure among untreated hypertensives yielded similar results. CONCLUSION: Unlike previous studies, our data do not support an association of HbA1c with arterial hypertension that is statistically independent of age and body mass index. Whether these established arterial hypertension risk factors are truly confounders of the HbA1c-arterial hypertension association or rather potentially antecedent factors requires further study.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The contribution of epidemiology.

Epidemiologic studies directly contribute data on risk (or benefit) in humans as the investigated species, and in the full food intake range normally encountered by humans. This paper starts with introducing the epidemiologic approach, followed by a discussion of perceived differences between toxicological and epidemiologic risk assessment. Areas of contribution of epidemiology to the risk assessment process are identified, and ideas for tailoring epidemiologic studies to the risk assessment procedures are suggested, dealing with data collection, analyses and reporting of both existing and new epidemiologic studies. The dietary habits and subsequent disease occurrence of over three million people are currently under observation worldwide in cohort studies, offering great potential for use in risk assessment. The use of biomarkers and data on genetic susceptibility are discussed. The paper describes a scheme to classify epidemiologic studies for use in risk assessment, and deals with combining evidence from multiple studies. Using a matrix approach, the potential contribution to each of the steps in the risk assessment process is evaluated for categories of food substances. The contribution to risk assessment of specific food substances depends on the quality of the exposure information. Strengths and weaknesses are summarized. It is concluded that epidemiology can contribute significantly to hazard identification, hazard characterisation and exposure assessment.

Biomarkers↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[The importance of the common cancer registry for the identification of cancer cases in the EPIC Potsdam-study -- results of the first record linkage].

AIM: The follow-up of the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC)-Potsdam study has been identifying cancer diagnoses by an active follow-up through participant's self-report which is then confirmed by pathology registries or medical doctors. To utilise another source of information, a record linkage was performed with the Common Cancer Registry (CCR) of the states of Berlin, Brandenburg, Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania, Saxony-Anhalt and of the free states Saxony and Thuringia in November 2001, using the EPIC-Potsdam database of compliant study participants at that point in time (n = 27 087). This methodological study compares data of identified cancer cases in the EPIC-Potsdam study with those generated through the record linkage. METHODS: The GKR identified 1468 study participants of the EPIC-Potsdam study. Cases (n = 108) with non-melanoma skin cancer were excluded. A separate analysis was done for prevalent (date of cancer diagnosis before baseline examination) and incident cancers (date of diagnosis after baseline examination). We examined how many subjects with at least one cancer were known to EPIC-Potsdam and the CCR, how many had been known only to the CCR and how many only to the EPIC-Potsdam study. Of incident cancer cases each diagnosis was counted. It was analyzed whether the diagnoses as they had been collected by EPIC-Potsdam were identified by the record linkage. Focus was on the diagnoses that had been unknown in EPIC-Potsdam before. The concordance of information from both sources was also considered. RESULTS: According to the record linkage, 1298 subjects with at least one prevalent cancer were identified in the EPIC-Potsdam cohort, 593 (46 %) of whom were identified in both data sources, 241 (19 %) were newly identified, and 464 (36 %) participants self-reported at least one prevalent tumour which was not identified through the record linkage. Seven tumours were diagnosed before 1961 (the CCR's computerised data are only available since 1961). Fifty-seven percent (n = 187) of all tumours which could not be identified in the cancer registry dated from 1990 - 1995. After completion of the record linkage a total of 582 medically verified incident cancer cases were identified. These comprised 397 medically verified cases that were identified in the EPIC-cohort study prior to the record linkage, 18 self-reported cases where the medical verification was pending, and 167 newly identified cases. Eighty-five of the latter cases have not been identified by other sources in the two following years after record linkage indicating that 15 % of the medically verified cases have been found solely through the linkage. CONCLUSION: The EPIC-Potsdam study had a significant benefit of the record linkage due to both the additional identification and verification of prevalent and incident cancer cases, as well as a timely advanced identification of incident diagnoses. The record linkage with the cancer registry improved the quality of the endpoint data of the EPIC-Potsdam study.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

A clinico-epidemiological study on gastritis in gastric carcinoma and in non-cancerous gastric pathology in Poland.

To investigate the risk of gastric cancer development in subjects with atrophic and nonatrophic gastritis, we studied 221 consecutive gastric cancer patients and 7647 non-cancer subjects for whom endoscopic biopsy of the gastric mucosa was available. In gastritis patients, the relative risk (RR) estimates of gastric cancer were as follows: corpus atrophic gastritis RR = 8.7 (95% CI = 5.4-14.1), antral atrophic gastritis RR = 4.5 (2.4-8.1), chronic atrophic pangastritis RR = 7.6 (3.8-15.3), corpus nonatrophic gastritis RR = 1.6 (0.9-2.7), antral non-atrophic gastritis RR = 1.2 (0.7-2.3), and pangastritis RR = 1.3 (0.6-2.8). The latter was of borderline significance (p = 0.07). In peptic ulcer, a significant excess risk was calculated for subjects with either corpus atrophic gastritis (RR = 3.1 [2.5-3.9] or antral atrophic gastritis (RR = 3.5 [2.6-4.8]). For stomach polyps, the risk was significantly increased only in subjects with corpus atrophic gastritis (RR = 2.1 [1.3-3.5]). The risks for both peptic ulcer and polyps, however, were significantly increased in chronic atrophic pangastritis. A substantial excess risk of gastric cancer was found for atrophy in the corpus (RR = 20.9 [9.0-48.9]) and in the antrum (RR = 14.9 [5.3-41.9]). An increased risk of peptic ulcer was also confirmed in subjects with atrophy in the corpus (RR = 3.0 [1.3-6.9]) and in the antrum (RR = 4.9 [2.0-12.1]).

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Food intake of patients with atopic dermatitis.

There is only restricted information about the nutritional behavior of adult patients with atopic dermatitis (AD). Our purpose was to evaluate the food intake in a series of patients with AD with particular consideration of self-reported food intolerance. Particular attention was paid to the risks of nutrient deficiencies. We examined the intake of 28 food items in 116 AD patients with a food-frequency questionnaire (FFQ). For each food item the cohort was divided in two groups according to whether symptoms were reported or not (symptomatic vs. asymptomatic). We found in a series of food items a significant lower food intake among symptomatic patients. Significantly lower intakes were reported by symptomatic patients for dairy products, fish, egg, pork, oranges, non-specified fruits, apples, kiwis, green or red peppers, peanuts and hazelnuts. We concluded that in symptomatic AD patients supplementation with specific nutrients might become mandatory. This is particularly pertinent for calcium, iodine, vitamin C and n-3 fatty acids.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Prevalence of Helicobacter pylori and gastritis in southern Germany. Results of a representative cross-sectional study].

The recent discussions about the relationship between helicobacter-pylori-infection, gastritis and the occurrence of stomach cancer caused us to analyse blood sera of 543 participants randomly selected from the general population in the age of 25 to 34 and of 55 to 64 years from Mosbach (Neckar-Odenwald-Kreis), the county of Deggendorf (Lower-Bavaria) and Augsburg (Upper-Bavaria) regarding IgG-antibodies against helicobacter pylori and the concentrations of the pepsinogens A and C. The latter were used as markers for the presence of chronic gastritis without atrophy and with severe atrophy. The prevalence of helicobacter pylori infection and of forms of gastritis showed no particular differences regarding region or gender. Notable differences in the prevalences were observed with respect to the two age strata. The helicobacter pylori prevalence of the regions being studied ranged for males from 13% to 75% and for females from 22% to 76%. The prevalences of chronic gastritis without atrophy in the investigated areas, derived from the pepsinogen titers, were found to be for males between 24% and 70% and for females between 28% and 61%. Chronic gastritis with severe atrophy appeared mainly in the age group of 55 to 64 years, ranging from 2% to 11% in males and 4% to 10% in females, depending upon region. The helicobacter pylori prevalence and the prevalence of chronic gastritis without atrophy were found to be highly correlated. Chronic gastritis with severe atrophy was also found to be associated with helicobacter pylori prevalence. However, this association did not reach statistical significance.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗