Restorative endodontics: anatomy of a failure.
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Biomedical subjects
Publications and source records attributed to H Chalfin.
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When a periapical lesion communicates with a deep periodontal pocket, the etiology can be either endodontic or periodontal. This article clarifies the relationship between pulpal and periodontal disease and presents a systematic approach to the diagnosis and management of endodontic-periodontal lesions. It also presents a case that demonstrates the successful treatment of teeth that appear to be hopelessly diseased.
Membrane barriers used in conjunction with periodontal surgery have promoted regeneration of lost marginal attachment. Membrane barriers also may be indicated during surgical endodontics, in selected cases, where primary apical lesions are complicated by the loss of marginal attachment. The indications for using guided tissue regeneration in endodontic surgery are discussed and two cases are presented.
Apical surgery is known to be an effective and practical way of treating endodontic failures. However, in spite of seemingly proper root end management, surgical failures may occur as a result of lateral canal, dentinal tubule, end retrograde leakage. Since surgical retreatment of such failures would likely result in failure, the alternative of a nonsurgical retreatment should be carefully considered. An understanding of the relationship which exists between the quality of the orthograde treatment and the surgical prognosis is necessary to properly direct the course of treatment.
Nonsurgical endodontic retreatment can be a successful treatment option, especially if the existing root canal therapy is technically deficient. It is the preferred treatment for most endodontic failures unless iatrogenic, restorative, or morphological factors dictate otherwise. A restorative post in the involved canal is usually considered an indication for apical surgery; however, in cases where nonsurgical retreatment is preferable to surgical management, many posts can be removed.
Ultrasonic devices are capable of generating better apical preparations than rotary instruments with less sacrifice of root structure. Regardless of the technique used, good lighting and magnification are necessary to insure an adequate apical preparation.