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Biomedical subjects

H F Brettel

Publications and source records attributed to H F Brettel.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

HIV-1- prevalence among drug deaths in major cities of central and northern Europe.

Since 1985, a number of Institutes of Forensic Medicine in Germany have cooperated in a multicenter study, to provide a constant monitoring of HIV-1-prevalence among drug related deaths. In 1990/91, the Institutes in Copenhagen, Stockholm, Vienna and Zürich also participated in this study. HIV-1-prevalence is decreasing in the German cities, whereas the epidemiological development is not uniform in the other major cities. Regional differences are obvious. In 1991, the prevalence rates were as follows: Berlin 15% (n = 220), Hamburg 4% (n = 179), Frankfurt 17% (n = 167), Munich 9% (n = 136), Stockholm 10% (n = 79), Copenhagen 14% (n = 130), Vienna 20% (n = 56), and Zürich 23% (n = 84).

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1992

[Multifactorial studies of 154 fatalities of psychotropic drug poisoning].

The documents of 154 drug victims dissected in the Centre of Legal Medicine of the University of Frankfurt am Main in 1987 and 1988 were examined by computer. The average age i.e. was 26 years, the share of women 23 per cent. In 47 per cent the main cause of death was an overdoses of heroin and in 48 per cent heroin was the first drug that was taken. 58 per cent of the drug victims came from totally intact families.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

[Criminal law and forensic medicine in the 16th century].

At the Reichstag of Regensburg the Constitutio Criminalis Carolina was declared empire law in 1532. This was the most important impulse for the development of the legal medicine in Germany as the courts now found themselves constrained to hear physicians, barber surgeons or midwives in cases of abortion, infanticidal, poisoning, murder or manslaughter. Article 147 was chiefly significant because it fixed that in killing crimes the cause of death had to be ascertained by versed medical persons. The consequences for the opinions of the medical experts in the 16th century were examined by evaluating court records from the municipal archives of Frankfurt am Main. It was found out that the medico-legal investigations in cases of killing crimes always were carried out by committees consisting of several barber surgeons. In difficult cases a physician, an academic educated medical person, joined the committee. In the trial the physicians and barber surgeons as experts were interrogated as witnesses and they based on examinations of the victim's lifetime, on autopsies and partial autopsies.

Criminal Law↗
PubMed1990

[Alcohol in Turkish society].

Since the ruin of the Osmanic empire increased the consumption of alcohol in Turkey considerably. Besides the national drink Raki it concerns above all the consumption of beer in the last two decades. The reasons are alterations of the society in the urbanized regions, the consequences are mighty increasing problems with alcoholics, especially among those, who come from the country into the cities, and among women.

Alcoholism↗
PubMed1989

[Blood collection from cadavers].

Withdrawals of blood from corpses are mainly for determinations of blood alcohol but also for toxikological analyses and blood-typing. When the legal conditions for the withdrawals of blood were discussed the technique of withdrawal and the problems of evaluation are debated. Thereby alterations of the samples through putrefaction are especially considered.

Blood Specimen Collection↗
PubMed1986

[Determination of age based on the skeleton].

A skeleton is reported that was found 40-100 cm under the surface of the earth; the light, porous bones had partially fallen to pieces. The most remarkable point was the discrepancy between the age of the bone and that of the teeth: based on the bones, the age of the living human being was about 30-40 years; on the basis of the teeth, however, the person was much older. The matter was cleared up with the help of a neck chain that was a precursor to the torques worn by the Celts; thus the skeleton was about 2500 years old. As the teeth were worn down much more through more use in prehistoric times than they are today, the age of the living person is likely to be the bone age, which was about 35 years.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

[On a case of a repidly proceeding lethal intoxication due to n-propylajmalium bitartrate (author's transl].

A case of N-Propylajmalinum bitartrate intoxication (Neo-Gilurytmal) is reported in which the death occurred within 20 minutes after the consumption of the drug. The quantitative estimation of the drug after isolation using Extrelut--columns was carried out in stomach spectrometrically, in the blood, bile, liver, kidney, and brain by gaschromatography after trifluoroacetylation. A high Prajmalium-bitartrate concentration was found in the blood (3,85 mg/l), negative results in bile and brain, low levels in liver (0,29 mg/kg wet weight) and kidney (0,06 mg/kg wet weight). Prajmalium-bitartrate was ingested together with beer, and a blood alcohol concentration of 0.061% was determined. Furthermore, a quantity corresponding to six tablets of Neo-Gilurytmal was still found in the stomach. The rapid fatal progress of the intoxication is explained as a strong effect of the drug on the heart due to the alcohol accelerated resorption of the substance.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

[Blunt abdominal trauma and injuries of the great omentum (author's transl)].

A 81 years old man died four weeks after a traffic accident with blunt abdominal trauma. The cause of death was a mechanical ileus as a result of an incarceration of a loop of the small intestines in a rent of the great omentum. Since no criteria for a traumatic tear of the greaten omentum was found the developmental mechanism of a fissure in the great omentum was explained as an exaggerated process of aging.

Abdominal Injuries↗
PubMed1977

[The liver and the so-called absorption deficit. Results of animal experiments (author's transl)].

Experiments with ethanol were performed in two dogs with indwelling catheters in the portal vein, in the hepatic vein and the aorta. 2.5, 2.0 and 1.5 g ethanol per kg bodyweight in 10% aqueous solution were administered via stomach tube. A loss of ethanol during the first pass through the liver could be measured both in experiments after 24 hours fasting and after feeding. However, these findings do not completely explain the problem of the socalled "Resorptionsdefizit" of ethanol. It is concluded that the absorption of ethanol from the gastrointestinal tract is mainly influenced by factors related to foodintake.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

[Animal experiment studies on the damage caused by barium sulfate].

An experimental study is reported on different injections of barium sulfate into peritoneal cavity of 10 dogs and intravasal. All experimental animals died. The experiments show that barium sulfate causes not only local reaction but the most important is it's general deleterious effect. There results macro- and microembolies yet another adverse effect which is not widely appreciated. Barium sulfate medium only may be considered non toxic as long as staying in the gastrointestinal tract.

Animals↗
PubMed1975

[The liver and the so-called absorption deficiency. A hypothesis (author's transl)].

The blood supply of the liver consists of about 25 per cent from the hepatic artery and 75 per cent from the portal vein. Therefore, especially in the phase of absorption, considerably more alcohol comes from the portal vein into the liver than from the hepatic artery. As the alcohol in the liver is always partially metabolised, all the alcohol that is absorbed in the gastrointestinal tract can never appear in the general and pulmonary circulation. Perhaps this is the essential reason for the so-called absorption deficiency.

Digestive System↗
PubMed1975

[Determination of blood alcohol in persons with blood diseases and secondary distrubances of the blood pictures].

The distribution of alcohol in the blood is determined by the water content of serum and whole blood. In order to verify the conversion factor qu for the establishment of the "blood alcohol concentration" from the alcohol content of the serum, the serum protein content, the hematocrit and the water content of the serum and whole blood were determined in 246 persons suffering from diseases in which disturbances of the water content of the blood could be expected. It was shown that the conversion factor of 1,20 used in the routine practice of the alcohol laboratory is too large. Calculation of blood alcohol concentration from the serum alcohol using the conversion factor of 1,20 leads to a levelling of differences of about 10%.

Anemia↗
PubMed1975

[Injuries of the rectum in barium contrast enema].

Perforation of the rectum during a barium enema can be catastrophic. Most reports and in our experience too, the lethality in these patients is more than 50%. This effect of barium is not widely appreciated. Injections of barium sulfate with faeces, of commercial barium both sterile and unsterile into the peritoneal cavity and barium perforation were fatal in 20--48 hours in the dog without further treatment. This study shows that the repair of a barium perforation should be considered as one of the most important emergency procedures. Operative methods and problems are described.

Animals↗