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Biomedical subjects

H Fendel

Publications and source records attributed to H Fendel.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1988

[Three-dimensional imaging in ultrasonic diagnosis. Initial results].

A new method of three-dimensional (3-D) reconstruction of 2-D ultrasound images of the kidney is described. It is based on a coordinated spatial reconstruction of sequential cross-sectional images. The ultrasound head is moved longitudinally between two rails (parallel sections) and rotated. With a suitable computer program and contouring of each cross-section (so that the organ limits are defined for the computer) these cross-sectional pictures can be reconstructed into 3-D organ images. The kidney can then be presented spatially either as a binary picture or with closed surface. Ultrasound investigators are still unaccustomed to colour reproduction of 3-D reconstructed organs. It remains to be seen whether the method is valuable in routine clinical use.

Color↗
PubMed1988

The construction of computer tomographic phantoms and their application in radiology and radiation protection.

In order to assess human organ doses for risk estimates under natural and man made radiation exposure conditions, human phantoms have to be used. As an improvement to the mathematical anthropomorphic phantoms, a new family of phantoms is proposed, constructed from computer tomographic (CT) data. A technique is developed which allows any physical phantom to be converted into computer files to be used for several applications. The new human phantoms present advantages towards the location and shape of the organs, in particular the hard bone and bone marrow. The CT phantoms were used to construct three dimensional images of high resolution; some examples are given and their potential is discussed. The use of CT phantoms is also demonstrated to assess accurately the proportion of bone marrow in the skeleton. Finally, the use of CT phantoms for Monte Carlo (MC) calculations of doses resulting from various photon exposures in radiology and radiation protection is discussed.

Bone Marrow↗
PubMed1988

Magnetic resonance imaging of normal and pathological white matter maturation.

Fifty children between 3 months postnatal and 16 years of age were examined by means of a 1.5 T superconductive magnet, run at 0.35 and 1.0 T. The myelination was studied qualitatively and quantitatively (relaxation times, proton densities, image contrast). With increasing age, a decrease of T1 and proton density of white matter was found, which was complete at one year of age. In regions with a slow progression of myelination, gray/white matter contrast showed an increase up to the end of the first decade. Pathological white matter maturation was diagnosed either as an abnormal transformation of myelin (characterized by abnormal relaxation values), or as a deficient or delayed myelin formation (in comparison with age-matched controls).

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

[Diagnosis and therapy of pyonephrosis in infancy and childhood].

A diagnostic schedule in pyonephrosis was followed in thirteen infants and children. Obstruction of the urinary tract could be demonstrated in 12 patients, non-obstructive pyonephrosis was present in one case. Congenital obstructive malformation of the urinary tract was found in 7 patients, obstruction was acquired in 5. Sonographically, pyonephrosis could be diagnosed in 8 patients (64.3%). Excretory urography (10/13) was helpful in no actual case. Sonographical-guided percutaneous nephrostomies were performed in 5 patients and operative nephrostomies in 4. Emergency-nephrectomies were done in 4 patients. A tap of the renal pelvis is the best way for early diagnosis whenever pyonephrosis is clinically suspected.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

Infundibulopelvic stenosis--evaluation of diagnostic imaging.

Infundibulopelvic stenosis is a very rare kidney disease. This congenital disorder must be differentiated from multicystic dysplastic kidney, polycystic kidney disease, simple renal cysts and mega-(poly)-calicosis. Associated abnormalities of the ureter are rare. Ureteric obstruction was associated in our two patients, and in one case agenesis of the bladder and a duplicated genital tract were also present.

Child↗
PubMed1987

The increased echogenicity of the pancreas in infants and children: the white pancreas.

An increased echogenicity of the pancreas ("white pancreas") was sonographically found in 25 children with various pancreatic and systemic diseases. Fifteen patients with cystic fibrosis had a small white pancreas. Five patients with haemosiderosis, two with pancreatitis and one with Shwachman-syndrome presented with a normal-sized or slightly enlarged pancreas. Fatty infiltration and calcifications of the pancreas can also increase its echogenicity.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1986

Differential diagnosis of intra- and perivesical abnormalities using bladder air/CO2 contrast sonography.

Sonographic air/CO2 contrast studies of the urinary bladder allow identification of abnormal peri- and intravesical low-echogenic structures and can differentiate between those that communicate with the bladder (refluxing ureters, bladder diverticula, patent urachus) from others that do not communicate (cysts of ovarian/enteric origin, urachus cyst). Ureteroceles with a refluxing/obstructed ureter can be more clearly delineated using gas contrast than with plain ultrasound. In a group of 217 children examined by bladder contrast sonography, 19 showed pathological peri- and intravesical findings, 17 of which were definitely evaluated by bladder contrast sonography. On the other hand, only 10 abnormalities of these 19 could be detected, and in not more than 8 was the final diagnosis made by plain sonography alone.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

Desquamative interstitial pneumonitis and alveolar lipoproteinosis: diagnostic difficulties and therapy problems with an infant.

A desquamative, interstitial pneumonitis was diagnosed histologically in a 9-month-old boy who first became ill at the age of 5 weeks. The desquamative interstitial pneumonitis was associated with an acquired cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection. Despite treatment with corticoids, acyclovir and artificial ventilation, the patient died of pulmonary insufficiency at the age of 15 months. The autopsy revealed an alveolar lipoproteinosis.

Cytomegalovirus Infections↗
PubMed1986

[Contrast sonography of the urinary tract in children].

In 14 healthy children contrast sonography of the bladder was performed with various solutions prior to voiding cystourethrography. The solutions were introduced into the bladder via a bladder catheter. The contrast effects which occurred with iothalamate injections in the urine-filled bladder, with urine injections in the iothalamate-filled bladder, with injections of 0.9% saline solution, and with air injections into the iothalamate-filled bladder were sonographically demonstrated. In echogenicity and duration the intravesical air contrast was superior to all mixture contrasts in the bladder resulting from injections of the respective fluids.

Air↗
PubMed1986

[Potentialities and limitations of sonographic diagnosis of the chest in childhood].

The advantages and limitations of the sonographic examination of the chest in 16 children are described. Partial opacification of the chest has been found in nine, a total "white" hemithorax in 7 children. Sonographic guided taps of the chest were performed in 3 children. Necessity, extent and yield of additional radiological examinations, especially computed tomography of the thorax, are discussed in detail.

Child↗
PubMed1986

[Interstitial pulmonary emphysema in mechanically ventilated newborn infants. Study of the course of the disease].

106 (15.7%) of 675 artificially ventilated newborn developed interstitial pulmonary emphysema (PIE). Basic lung diseases were: IRDS, neonatal pneumonia, shock lung, meconium aspiration, hypoplasia of the lungs and other miscellaneous disorders of the chest. PIE developed in 68% of patients within 8 hours following artificial respiration. At the beginning of PIE both lungs were concerned in 41.5% of patients, one lobe of both lungs was affected in 32.1%. PIE was located in one lung in 8.5% and in only one lobe in 17.9%. Maximum of PIE was seen within 5 days after initiating respiration in 76.7% of the patients. Persistent PIE developed in 28.7% of the patients. Persistent PIE of both lungs was seen in 11 cases, PIE of one lung in 8 cases and persistent lobar emphysema in another 8. Pulmonary pseudocysts developed in 22 (20.8%) of the patients.

Female↗
PubMed1986

[Diagnostic and therapeutic aspects of antegrade ureteropyelography and percutaneous nephropyelostomy in childhood].

In a sample of 18 children aging one day to eighteen years 21 percutaneous nephrostomies and 27 antegrade pyelographies were performed using sonography and fluoroscopy. Thirteen patients had both nephrostomy and pyelography and 5 had only pyelography. Three of 13 patients needed bilateral nephrostomies. The results indicate that the combination of percutaneous nephrostomy and antegrade pyelography is helpful in diagnosis and treatment of various obstructive disorders of the urinary tract especially in the newborn period.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

[Congenital hypothyroidism--a diagnosis made by abdominal x-ray?].

Meteorism in a newborn may be a symptom of different diseases including hypothyroidism. It is caused by a disturbed peristalsis of the gut. Since in rare cases - as demonstrated in one infant - obligatory screening for hypothyroidism may be missed, meteorism should be considered a serious symptom and should lead to the right diagnosis before too much time is lost.

Congenital Hypothyroidism↗