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Biomedical subjects

H Fendel

Publications and source records attributed to H Fendel.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1984

Screening for vesicoureteral reflux in children using real-time sonography.

One hundred and ten children, ages 6 days to 14 years, were investigated for vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) using ultrasound before voiding cystourethrography (VCU). Sonographically a VUR was assumed if a retrovesical dilated ureter and/or an increase of the separation of the central renal echo complex (CRC) could be detected. By means of sonography VUR grades III and IV were seen in 100%, grade II in 84% of all cases. There was a false positive rate of 10%. Sonographic reflux study is a sensitive and specific screening and follow-up procedure for VUR.

Child↗
PubMed1984

[Significance of a nonionic renographic contrast medium (Iopamidol 300) in the roentgen diagnosis of the kidneys and urinary tract in children].

The ionic contrast media used so far have been associated with considerable risks in infants and children. The high osmolality of these media did not always permit a dosage sufficient for kidney imaging in the nephrographic and in the pyelographic phase. The new non-ionic contrast media have largely reduced these risks so that their general application in infants and young children should be recommended. Intravenous urographies using the non-ionic contrast medium Iopamidol 300 (Solutrast 300) were performed in 195 children aged one day to 12 years. Good to superior urograms were obtained in 85% of the investigations. No adverse reactions caused by the osmolality of the contrast media had been observed in spite of the relative high dosage. As a result of their low osmolality and non-ionic property a safe application of high doses was possible.

Child↗
PubMed1983

[Fetal cystic tumor in the ultrasonic image].

Using ultrasonography we were able to identify prenatally an intrauterine cystic tumour next to a foetus at 22 weeks of gestation, which was later diagnosed as a cystic lymphangioma of the foetal neck.

Abortion, Therapeutic↗
PubMed1981

Determination of total and individual kidney function in children by means of 123-I-hippuran whole body clearance and scintillation camera.

In 153 children suffering from various renal or urological disease a total of 179 individual and regional renal clearance studies were performed using 123-I-hippuran and a scintillation camera. The clinical diagnoses and questions before and the therapeutic consequences after clearance determinations are analyzed. The dynamic information fo sequential scintigraphy combined with renal clearance determination allow a quantitative estimation of the individual and regional kidney function. The method is considerably helpful in cases of unilateral small kidneys, obstructive uropathies, duplication of the urinary tract, and segmental renal disease.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

Disorder of collagen metabolism in a patient with osteogenesis imperfecta (lethal type): increased degree of hydroxylation of lysine in collagen types I and III.

Types I, II and III collagen were isolated from calvarium, skin and cartilage from a patient with recessive lethal osteogenesis imperfecta. the distribution of the various collagen types was normal in all three tissues. The alpha-chains were purified by molecular sieve and ion-exchange chromatography and were found to differ from the corresponding alpha-chains of age-matched controls only in that the alpha 1(I), alpha 2 and alpha 1(III) chains contained higher amounts of hydroxylysine with proportionally less lysine. alpha 1(II) was normal. The excess hydroxylysine residues were all glycosylated in the case of alpha 1(I) chains, but only partly so for the alpha 2 chains. Similar observations were made with collagen from fetuses at various stages of development. In these fetuses, however, the increase in the degree of hydroxylation of lysine in alpha 1(I), alpha 2 and alpha 1(III) varied with age, being highest in the youngest fetus. Seen in the context of embryonic development, the collagen of the patient would correspond to that of a fetus younger than 18 weeks, and one could speculate that the defect seen in this patient is the result of a disturbed process of maturation of connective tissue.

Autopsy↗
PubMed1980

Tc-99m-labeled red blood cells for the measurement of red cell mass in newborn infants: concise communication.

In vitro and in vivo investigations were performed to examine the binding of Tc-99m to neonatal red blood cells (RBC). Labeling efficiency was about 90%, and unbound Tc-99m less than 3% after one washing, in premature and full-term newborns and in children. Thus presence of high percentages of fetal hemoglobin (Hb F) did not influence the labeling of RBCs with Tc-99m. RBCs of 11 newborns were hemolysed and the distribution of Tc-99m on RBC components was analyzed. Although Hb F percentage averaged (60.0 +/- 8.1)% (s.d.), only (11.9 +/- 3.7)% of Tc-99m was bound by Hb F, whereas (45.0 +/- 6.1)% was associated with Hb A. RBC membranes bound (13.7 +/- 4.3)% and (29.3 +/- 4.0)% were found unbound in hemolysates. These results indicate that Tc-99m preferentially binds to beta chains. In vivo equilibration of Tc-99m RBCs and of albumin labeled with Evans blue was investigated in five newborn infants. Tc-99m RBCs were stable in each case during the first hour after injection. Elution of Tc-99m from RBCs was (3.4 +/- 1.5)% per hour. Body-to-venous hematocrit ratio averaged 0.86 +/- 0.03.

Child↗
PubMed1979

[Radiologic findings in newborns with group B streptococcal septicemia: clinical importance of heart size and lung manifestations (author's transl)].

Chest radiographs of thirteen neonates with group B streptococcal septicemia were evaluated for signs of early diagnosis. Six of the neonates had chest radiographs as seen in idiopathic respiratory distress syndrome (RDS). Seven patients had radiologic findings consistent with neonatal pneumonia. The children with RDS were in general smaller and born prematurelly, but three neonates with x-rays resembling RDS had normal birth weights and thus were mature. Cardiomegaly was observed in a high percentage with a prevalence in children with RDS. Heart size increased in two of the three children who died, but became normal in patients recovering from infection. Three patients had pleural effusions.

Birth Weight↗
PubMed1978

Association of neonatal respiratory distress with birth asphyxia and deficiency of red cell mass in premature infants.

Red cell mass (RCM) was estimated using 125I-labelled human serum albumin in 128 premature infants born after 26 to 36 weeks gestation. Infants of three different gestational periods (26--29, 30--32, and 33--36 weeks) with respiratory distress (RD) averaged lower one-minute Apgar scores and lower RCM than infants without RD (P less than 0.05). The incidence of RD was significantly (P less than 0.05) higher in infants with Apgar scores below 6 and in infants with RCM of less than 35 ml/kg than in the infants with greater values. The highest incidence of RD and the highest mortality rate were found in the infants with low Apgar scores and low RCM values. Prematures with similar Apgar scores showed a higher incidence of RD when RCM was low, and infants with similar RCM showed a higher incidence of RD when Apgar scores were low. Our results suggest that both birth asphyxia and deficiency of red cell mass interfere with postnatal cardio-respiratory adaptation. In high-risk premature infants, erythrocytes should be transfused when the venous haematocrit is below 0.459

Anemia↗
PubMed1977

Lactobezoar in an infant: an unusual cause of upper abdominal tumour persisting for several weeks. Case report and review of the literature.

A case of lactobezoar is described in an eleven weeks old infant with a history of prolonged vomiting and constipation. The feeding history revealed no abnormalities, but unusually high environmental temperatures plus increased sweating may have been responsible for the formation of the gastric milk coagulum which presented as a firm epigastric tumour persisting for several weeks. An abdominal neuroblastoma was suspected but the correct diagnosis was established by a barium meal. Conservative therapy with parenteral fluids and gentle gastric lavage resulted in prompt disintegration of the lactobezoar. The 9 previously reported cases in the literature are briefly discussed.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

[Results with a new method for objectivation of rheobase measurements in normal pregnancy and risk of miscarriage or premature birth (author's transl)].

The rheobase (fundamental current strength), which can be used in obstetrics as a parameter of neuromuscular excitability, alters at the onset of labor, as Jung et al. first reported in 1969. It can be determined objectively to a considerable degree using the single-channel myograph manufactured by the Thönnies company, and an improved measuring method. Results of preliminary investigations can be confirmed which indicate that the rheobase in patients with premature labor and bleeding is lower than in women whose pregnancy is normal. Thus, where there is a risk of miscarriage or premature birth, neuromuscular excitability is increased. The fact that rheobase values in some patients who had undergone cerclage for cervical insufficiency are depressed indicates that the insufficiency is partly due to premature labor. It remains open to question whether etiology of the depressed rheobase is an indicator of increased neuromuscular excitability where there is a risk of miscarriage or premature birth.

Abortion, Threatened↗
PubMed1976

[Methods of radiological bone age assessment (author's transl)].

An assessment of the bone age can be made in different manners. Numerical methods calculating the number of existing ossification centers are to inaccurate. The use of "age-of-appearance" tables gives a more accurate evaluation. In both methods, however, x-ray films of several body parts must be made. Therefore, they are complicated and lead to a higher patient radiation exposure. Methods using hand and wrist as a representative area of the whole skeleton are of greater value for routine bone-age assessments. There is a wide-spread use of the Greulich-Pyle atlas. The atlas-method is fully sufficient in the great majority of cases when certain rules are considered. A more detailed information can be achieved by using the so-called "bone-by-bone" evaluation. A score system was introduced by Tanner and Whitehouse which should be used to a greater extent than is done up to now. Metrical methods give no real information about the bone age but additional informations which can be helpful in following examinations with short intervals.

Age Determination by Skeleton↗
PubMed1976

[Importance of hand films in skeletal dysplasia (author's transl)].

The hand, as part of the skeleton, is generally involved in systemic skeletal dysplasia. However, the degree of abnormalities differs considerably in the various types of dysplasia. In some, abnormal appearance of the hand predominates, in other dysplasia films of the hand provide only little or no useful diagnostic information. At their first examination for growth disorders children often reveal bone dysplasia on roentgenograms of the hand. Therefore, evaluation of hand films should be done as thoroughly as possible. Morphologic and/or metric deviations of the hand may bring the first suspicion although they are not fully diagnostic. Systemic skeletal dysplasia should be diagnosed or excluded by additional adequate radiologic and other clinical examinations.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1976

[Diagnosis and therapy of chronic constipation].

Severe chronic constipation is an extremely rare disorder. Out of 39 370 patients seen in our hospital during the past two years only 309 children (=0,78%) were suffered from severe chronic constipation. Radiologic and electromanometrical examinations revealed as an organic cause anal sphincter achalasia or Hirschsprung's disease in 30,7% of these constipated children. In 54,9% however no pathomorphologic results could be found. Of all cases 14,4% examined were postoperative controls. Careful electromanometric and defecographic examination of every chronically constipated child is crucially important in determining the therapy as in most cases chronic constipation in childhood, is due to a functional asynchronism of the internal and external anal sphincter relaxation reflexes, it can most reliably be diagnosed by electromanometrical examinations. The accuracy and reliability of our electromanometrical method has been proved not only by comparison with radiologic and histologic techniques but also statistically by analysis of discriminance of the recorded parameters. The therapeutic approach depends on the underlying disease. Mechanical obstruction of the intestine, nervous dysregulation of colonic motility causing Hirschsprung's disease and organic anal sphincter achalasia require surgical treatment. In cases of achalasia myotomia of the internal anal sphincter gives excellent functional results. In 73 cases treated by myotomy no symptoms of anal incontinence were seen. Medical therapy includes administration of laxatives combined with high roughage diet, adjustment of living conditions including increased physical activity and bowel training in order to learn a conditioned defecation reflex. The matter can be more easily achieved by administering Dihydroergotamine and Lactulose initially.

Child↗