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Biomedical subjects

H Gürtler

Publications and source records attributed to H Gürtler.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1987

[Development and effectiveness of struma prevention in East Germany].

For the control of iodine deficiency disorders in man and animal since 1985/1986 measures have been introduced which were interdisciplinary attuned: 84% of the paketed salt are iodized (32 mg KIO3/kg) and iodized mixtures of mineral substances are used in the animal production of agricultural useful animals. The effectiveness of the iodine prevention becomes visible by an increase of the renal iodine excretion, regression of the frequency of connatal goitre and iodine deficiency disorders in the animal production. Increased manifestations of cases of hyperthyroidism as sequelae are of transient importance.

Goiter, Endemic↗
PubMed1986

[Status of goiter prevention in East Germany from an interdisciplinary viewpoint].

The endemic goiter occurs still in many countries of Europe. Alimentary iodine deficiency could be proved as essential cause of the increased prevalence. Comprehensive epidemiological investigations refer to the medical importance of this appearance for the GDR. 200 million marks might have to be spent annually for diagnostics and therapy. Also in the production of animals sequelae of iodine deficiency play a great part. Nitrate containing and glucosinolate containing feeding stuffs (e. g. rape extraction groats) here under the conditions of the iodine deficiency additionally develop goitrogenous effects (so-called indirect or relative iodine deficiency), which lead to decrease in vitality and clinical symptoms in the agricultural useful animals cattle, pig and sheep. The iodine content of animal products was frequently low. In view of the ecological connection of these problems an interdisciplinary iodine commission was founded which in accordance with the responsible state organs elaborates adequate recommendations for the prophylaxis and control of efficiency. From 1986 was begun with the iodisation of the largest part of packet salt (32 mg KJO3/kg) und the delivery of iodized mineral mixtures for the production of animals. Thus is to be reckoned with an improved direct supply of iodine for the population by iodized table salt or an indirect one over animal product. The iodisation of the entire common salt with modified iodine concentration is striven for. Measures for the control of efficiency are introduced.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Effects of metyrapone and a combined alpha- and beta-adrenergic blockade on plasma glucose recovery from insulin-induced hypoglycaemia in pigs.

The recovery of plasma glucose from insulin-induced hypoglycaemia was investigated in growing pigs during an inhibition of corticosteroid secretion (metyrapone infusion), an alpha- and beta-adrenergic blockade (phentolamine and propranolol infusion) or a combination of both treatments. In pigs which received an infusion of metyrapone for 4 h before and 3 h after a bolus injection of insulin (0.1 IU/kg body-weight), the plasma glucose response did not differ significantly from control animals. The infusion of phentolamine and propranolol (in each case 120 micrograms/kg/h for 3 h after a priming dose of 100 micrograms/kg) starting at the time of insulin injection significantly attenuated the restoration of normoglycaemia. An additional infusion of metyrapone increased this effect significantly only at the end of the experiment. The results indicate that adrenergic mechanisms are involved in the glucose counterregulation after an insulin-induced hypoglycaemia in pigs and the glucocorticoid secretion may become critical when the catecholamine response is impaired.

Adrenal Cortex Hormones↗
PubMed1986

No fallacies in the formulation of the paternity index.

In a recent publication, Li and Chakravarti claim to have shown that the paternity index is not a likelihood ratio. They present a method of estimating the prior probability of paternity from a sample of previous court cases on the basis of exclusions and nonexclusions. They propose calculating the posterior probability on the basis of this estimated prior and the test result expressed as exclusion/nonexclusion. Their claim is wrong--the paternity index is a likelihood-ratio, that is, the ratio of the likelihood of the observation conditional on the two mutually exclusive hypotheses. Their proposed method of estimating the prior has been long known, has been applied to several samples, and is inferior (in terms of variance of the estimate) to maximum likelihood estimation based on all the phenotypic information available. Their proposed "new method" of calculating a posterior probability is based on the use of a less informative likelihood ratio 1/(1-PE) instead of Gürtler's fully informative paternity index X/Y (Acta Med Leg Soc Liege 9:83-93, 1956), but is otherwise identical to the Bayesian approach originally introduced by Essen-Möller in 1938.

Humans↗
PubMed1985

Morphological changes in newborn pigs of alloxan diabetic sows.

We compared morphologically newborn piglets of alloxan diabetic sows with those of control animals. There were no histochemically detectable marked differences between the two groups investigated. In particular no differences in glycogen content of the liver and heart were observed. In all cases the endocrine pancreas was immature with sporadic formation of islet structures. In both groups we were able to demonstrate A- and B-cells immunohistochemically but not a hyperplasia of the B-cell system. The results obtained correlate with the absence of hyperinsulinaemia in newborn pigs of alloxan diabetic sows. We were unable to demonstrate the morphological background or cause of the diminished glucose-induced insulin release in case of alloxan diabetes as was found in 8-day old piglets. Therefore, the changes in newborn pigs of alloxan diabetic sows do not correlate with those in diabetic fetopathy in human beings.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

HLA types of mummified Eskimo bodies from the 15th century.

In 1978 the bodies of eight Eskimos were discovered in two tombs among the rocks at Qilakitsoq in the Umanak District on the west coast of Greenland. By C14 analysis at the Danish National Museum the burial was dated around A.D. 1460. The climatic conditions have been favorable for the preservation of the bodies, which were freeze-dried by nature to almost the consistency of wood. With skin and muscle tissue from the thigh, a human leukocyte antigen (HLA) type determination was carried out by means of a microabsorption method developed in this laboratory on spleen tissue from recently deceased persons (Hansen and Gürtler, 1979, 1982). The aim of the HLA determinations of these mummies was to reveal possible family relationships, and to see whether the HLA antigens found would be typical for now-living Eskimo populations. The results indicate that two families were buried, one in each of the two tombs.

Genetic Variation↗
PubMed1983

[Influence of alloxan-diabetes in pregnant sows on body composition, glucose tolerance and insulin reaction of newborn piglets].

Diabetes was induced in 3 pregnant sows by administration of alloxan tetrahydrate (50 mg/kg body weight) at the 60th-70th day of gestation. Body weight, concentration of glycogen in liver, heart and skeletal muscle, weight of liver, heart, pancreas, thyroid gland and adrenal glands as well as plasma concentrations of glucose, fructose and insulin (IRI) were determined immediately after birth in the piglets of diabetic sows (4 litters). Furthermore, the plasma glucose and insulin reactions to and intravenous bolus injection of glucose (0.5 g/kg) were examined 4-8 hours and 6-7 days after birth. The results were compared with the values obtained from the offspring of 4 normal litters. Newborn piglets of diabetic sows showed a significantly increased absolute and relative weight of liver as well as a significant increase in the relative weight of heart, thyroid gland and pancreas. The concentration of glycogen in heart and skeletal muscle as well as the amount of glycogen in liver/kg body weight were significantly elevated. Furthermore, we found significantly higher plasma glucose values in the offspring of alloxan treated sows, while there were no differences in plasma insulin and fructose levels. When compared to normal piglets, the diabetic piglets displayed an impaired insulin response and glucose tolerance after a bolus injection of glucose. The results obtained suggest considerable differences in the fetal development and pancreatic function during a diabetic pregnancy in different species.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

[Influence of alpha or beta adrenergic antagonists on catecholamine dependent metabolic effects in pigs].

In 4 Piétrain-pigs and 4 crossbred (Duroc X Landrace) pigs (32-47 kg body weight; b.w.) the effect of an intravenous injection of epinephrine (80 micrograms/kg b.w.) or isoprenaline (55 micrograms/kg b.w.) was investigated during a continuous infusion of 0.9% NaCl-solution (1 ml/min and pig), propranolol or phentolamine (priming dose 100 micrograms/kg b.w. and thereafter 2 micrograms/kg and min over 45 min) on the plasma concentration of glucose, lactate, free fatty acids (FFS) and free over 45 min) on the plasma concentration of glucose, lactate, free fatty acids (FFS) and free glycerol. Furthermore the effect of a continuous infusion of the blocking agents alone was examined in the 4 crossbred animals. Lipolysis was stimulated via beta-adrenergic receptors and was inhibited through an alpha-adrenergic mediated effect in pigs. The lean Piétrain-pigs showed a significant higher response than the crossbred pigs. The catecholamine induced increase in plasma glucose and lactate was equal in both breeds. The rise of glucose concentration resulted from an alpha- and beta-adrenergic component, with the alpha-adrenergic effect dominating. Compared to isoprenaline, the higher increase in plasma lactate after adrenaline injection is attributed to clinical reactions.

Adrenergic alpha-Antagonists↗
PubMed1981

[Insulin and cortisol levels in blood plasma and adrenal gland mass in swine during the perinatal period].

The level of immunoreactive insulin activity and glucose in blood plasma of the umbilical vein was found to be lower than that in maternal venous blood plasma, in the last third of intra-uterine development, that is between the 80th and 112th day. No age-dependent differences were recordable regarding immunoreactive insulin activity in foetal blood plasma. Concentrations of glucose and immunoreactive insulin in venous blood plasma of piglets were found to rise, within 24 hours from birth, due to milk intake. Such rises were statistically significant but differed by individuals. None of the above parameters increased in fasting piglets. Cortisol in foetal blood plasma was found to be low, usually less than 5 ng/ml, on the 80th, 100th, and 106th day of intra-uterine life, but it went up between the 106th and 112th day. The highest concentrations were recorded from the oldest foetuses, 114 day of intra-uterine development. The cortisol levels in the blood plasma of the mothers of the above mentioned foetuses varied between 5 ng/ml and 70 ng/ml. Relative adrenal gland weight in animals aged 112 and 114 days was found to be significantly higher than that in foetuses aged 80, 100, and 106 days. No significant postnatal change in relative adrenal gland weight was recorded from piglets in the first nine days of life.

Adrenal Glands↗
PubMed1981

[Further studies of swine reaction to fixation with a maxillary sling based on metabolic and hematologic parameters].

The effects of five-minute fixation by means of maxillary sling (pig catcher) on the behaviour of various blood and blood plasma components were recorded from eleven purebred Piétrain pigs. Blood was taken through indwelling catheter from the jugular vein and up to 60 minutes after the beginning of restraint. Exposure of the animals to such psychomotor stress led to maximum rise of lactate levels by 53 mg/100 ml on average as well as to increase in glucose by 37 mg/100 ml, haemoglobin concentration by 2.3 g/100 ml, and haematocrit by 9.7 per cent. Concentrations of free fatty acids in blood plasma, on the other hand, dropped with significance during stress, that is by the order of 111 mumol/l. No significant changes in glycerin were recordable. The values returned to their initial levels within 60 minutes from the end of fixation.

Animals↗