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Biomedical subjects

H Haines

Publications and source records attributed to H Haines.

32 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1978

Body fluid distribution in wild Mus musculus acclimated to water restriction.

Total body water (TBW), extracellular volume (ECV), and plasma volume (PV) were measured in wild house mice acclimated to chronic water shortage and compared to the same measures in mice exposed acutely to water shortage. Chronic mice were either steady state (SS), i.e., completely acclimated, or nonsteady state (NSS), i.e., transitional. Water shortage was imposed sequentially--1/2, 1/4, and 1/8 ad lib., and no water. SS mice lost solids and cellular fluid at each level of restriction, but maintained plasma volume and partially defended extracellular volume. Acute restriction to 1/2, 1/4, and 1/8 ad lib. caused proportional losses of solids and fluids with the predominant fluid loss being extracellular. Acute restriction to no water caused cellular dehydration plus a loss of extracellular fluids including plasma. Comparison of acute and NSS mice at identical levels of restriction showed the NSS groups to be preacclimated toward further water restriction. Discussion centers on the comparison of acclimated and nonacclimated animals, mechanism of PV defense, and the general process of acclimation.

Acclimatization↗
PubMed1977

Blood respiratory properties of Bison bison.

The respiratory properties and basic hematology of blood from seven adult bison and one calf were determined. Average oxygen-carrying capacity was 22.2 ml/100 ml blood from adults and 17.0 in calf blood; hemoglobin averaged 17.1 g/100 ml in adults and 13.6 in the calf. Half saturation of the blood occurred at 32mm Hg Po2 at pH 7.40 and 37 degrees C. The average Bohr effect was -0.40. Erythrocytes numbered 8.6 X 10(6)/mm3 and were 52 micron 3 in mean volume. Adult and calf cells differed in mean cell hemoglobin, adults 19.9 pg/cell vs 15.9 in the calf, and this difference evidently caused differences in Haldane effect, standard bicarbonate, and buffering capacity. Bison are capable of prolonged running. Two features of the blood that promote this capacity are its comparatively great oxygen-carrying capacity and low oxygen affinity.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1977

Effect of water temperature on a herpesvirus infection of sea turtles.

The role of water temperature in the induction and maintenance of a dermal herpesvirus infection (gray-patch disease) of young, green sea turtles (Chelonia mydas) was studied under carefully controlled experimental conditions, in which the influence of other recognized stress factors was negligible. A nimals that were subjected to a gradual temperature increase from 25 to 30 degrees C, with subsequent maintenance at 30 degrees C, and those that were abruptly shifted from water at 25 degrees C to water at 30 degrees C showed a significantly shorter period before the onset of clinical signs and an increase in the severity of the lesions when compared with control animals. Animals that were subjected to a gradual increase in water temperature from 25 to 30 degrees C and a subsequent decrease to 25 degrees C, where they were maintained, had a period before onset of clinical signs and severity closer to that of control animals. Our findings indicate that both the induction of clinical gray-patch disease and the severity of the lesions are affected by water temperature and suggest that one possible means of control of this herpesvirus infection under intensive aquaculture conditions might be water temperature manipulation.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

Viral diseases of the skin, 1975: a 25-year perspective.

Most of the major advances in modern virology during the past 25 years have been due principally to the development of refined laboratory techniques and tools and have provided a fund of new knowledge and information about the nature of viral infection and pathogenesis. One group of viruses of interest to dermatologists, the herpesviruses, is undergoing intensive biochemical investigation to determine whether it is carcinogenic. As a result of the success of the World Health Organization's campaign to eradicate smallpox, it is predicted that by the end of 1976, smallpox will have been eradicated. Other viruses of dermatologic interest which are now being studied include the agents of warts, molluscum contagiosum, cat-scratch disease, and enteroviruses. Current research in the field of viral chemotherapy may provide the basis for successfully treating these diseases in the future.

Acrodermatitis↗
PubMed1976

Nuclear membrane changes in herpes simplex virus-infected BHK-21 cells as seen by freeze-fracture.

The freeze-fracture technique, which produced high-resolution replicas of large internal faces of membranes, was used for an ultrastructural study of the nuclei of herpes simplex virus-infected BHK-21 cells and mock-infected controls. Crystalline arrays of viral nucleocapsids were found in the nucleoplasm of infected cells, and numerous nuclear membrane "blebs" and protrusions were observed. The numerous areas of membrane distortions were not found to contain nuclear pores. In addition, specific areas of normal protein intramembranous particles are deleted from certain areas of the nuclear membrane as a result of herpes simplex virus, type 2, infection.

Cell Line↗
PubMed1975

A herpesvirus-type agent associated with skin lesions of green sea turtles in aquaculture.

Nine successive groups of green sea turtles (Chelonia mydas) were observed in aquaculture during the posthatchling period. During the first 6 months of growth, each group underwent an epizootic of skin lesions, named gray-patch disease. Two types of skin lesions are associated with gray-patch disease: papules and, more characteristically, spreading gray patches which appear 7 to 8 weeks after hatching. In both types of lesions, intranuclear inclusions are found in keratinocytes in the malpighian layer of the epidermis. Electron microscopic examination of scrapings from lesions and biopsies revealed many viral particles, with features characteristic of the herpesvirus group. Transmission of gray-patch disease is possible with bacteria-free preparations of viral particles.

Animals↗