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H J Bilo

Publications and source records attributed to H J Bilo.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1990

Fish oil: a panacea?

Since the first report by Bang and Dyerberg regarding the apparent beneficial effects of a fish oil-enriched diet on the incidence of atherosclerotic heart disease in Greenland eskimos, a considerable number of studies have been performed regarding the effects of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids on the prevention and treatment of a variety of disease states not necessarily related to atherosclerosis. Studies have been performed on healthy volunteers and in patients with hyperlipidaemia, atherosclerotic vascular disease, diabetes, asthma, psoriasis and chronic renal insufficiency, amongst others. Positive effects on platelet activity, lipid profile, blood rheology and blood pressure--all factors which are presumably of importance in the pathogenesis of atherosclerotic disease have been noted in these studies, albeit with a wide range of variability. Some negative effects also appear to exist. However, some general conclusions can be made regarding the effects of a fish oil-enriched diet.

Arteriosclerosis↗
PubMed1990

Fish oil supplementation in patients with stable claudication.

Increased blood viscosity occurs in patients with claudication. This increase in viscosity, which is mainly due to elevated fibrinogen levels and a decreased red cell deformability, adversely influences blood flow. In addition to a positive effect on blood pressure, blood lipids, and platelet responsiveness, fish oil may improve blood flow due to a favorable influence on hemorrheology. In a prospective, randomized, double-blind study, we evaluated the effect of six capsules of fish oil (1.8 g eicosapentaenoic acid and 1.2 g docosahexaenoic acid) versus six capsules of corn oil (3 g linoleic acid), administered for 4 months, on walking distances, pressure indices during rest and after exercise, blood pressure, red cell deformability, fibrinogen, and lipid levels in 32 patients with stable claudication. No significant changes in walking distances and pressure indices during rest and after exercise occurred, despite a significant increase in red cell deformability in the fish oil group. Fibrinogen levels did not change in either group. In the fish oil group, a favorable change in blood lipids was noted; high-density cholesterol increased and triglycerides decreased. Mean arterial blood pressure declined to a similar extent in both groups. Thus, short-term supplementation with fish oil does not lead to clinically significant improvement of symptoms in patients with stable claudication. This suggests that red cell deformability is of minor importance in the arterial blood flow in the legs of these patients.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Dose-response effects of fish-oil supplementation in healthy volunteers.

We performed a randomized, controlled study on the dose-response effects of daily supplementation of 1.5, 3, and 6 g of the marine fatty acids eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA, 20:5n-3) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, 22:6n-3) as their ethyl esters for 12 wk in 45 healthy normotriglyceridemic male volunteers. Significant dose-related increases of the n-3 fatty acids 20:5, 22:5, and 22:6 in plasma phospholipids (p less than 0.0001) were found, corresponding roughly to decreases of the n-6 fatty acids 18:2 and 20:4 (p less than 0.001). Serum triglycerides and HDL3-cholesterol concentrations showed a dose-dependent reduction (p less than 0.05) and HDL2 cholesterol increased (p less than 0.05). Results for 3 and 6 g n-3 fatty acids were similar. No dose-dependent effects were observed in the VLDL-, LDL-, and total HDL-cholesterol subfractions; blood pressure; bleeding time; erythrocyte deformability; or capacity of polymorphonuclear leukocytes to kill Staphylococcus aureus. This study indicates that 3 g n-3 ethyl ester fatty acids appears to be the appropriate supplementation dose in humans, at least regarding lipid-profile changes and the ability to incorporate such fatty acids in the plasma phospholipids.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

The effects of dietary supplementation with fish oil on renal function in cyclosporine-treated renal transplant recipients.

The effect of a daily supplementation of 6 g fish oil (30% C20:5 omega-3 (EPA) and 20% C22:6 omega-3 for three months on renal function variables was investigated in a placebo-controlled (6 g corn oil, 50% C18:2 omega-6) prospective, randomized, double-blind study in stable cyclosporine-treated renal transplant recipients, at least nine months after grafting. Ten patients ingested placebo capsules and eleven patients fish oil. When measuring glomerular filtration rate and effective renal plasma flow (ERPF) before (baseline [BL]) and after 3 months of oil ingestion nothing changed in the placebo-treated group: GFR-BL = 64.5 GFR-3 months = 60 ml/min/1.73m2 (NS; median, Wilcoxon test) ERPF BL = 229.5 and ERPF-3 months = 242.5 ml/min/1.73m2 (NS). In the fish oil-treated group GFR rose by 20.3% from GFR-BL = 56 to GFR-3 months = 68 ml/min/1.73m2 and ERPF by 16.4% from ERPF-BL 218 to ERPF-3 months = 245 ml/min/1.73m2, (P less than 0.01). In the placebo-treated group mean arterial pressure and calculated total renal vascular resistance (TRVR) did not change: MAP-BL = 106 mmHg and MAP-3 months = 109 mmHg, TRVR being 20856 dyne.sec/cm5 and 19862 dyne/sec/cm5, respectively (NS). In the fish oil-treated group MAP and TRVR fell by 8.6% and 21.1%, respectively: MAP-BL = 106 mmHg and MAP-3 months = 98 mmHg (P less than 0.01), TRVR-BL = 21952 dyne/sec/cm5 and TRVR-3 months = 17087 dyne/sec/cm5 (P less than 0.01). According to these results fish oil supplementation has considerable effects on renal function and blood pressure in stable CsA-treated renal transplant recipients.

Blood Pressure↗
PubMed1990

Diabetic nephropathy in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus: pathogenesis and treatment strategies.

Diabetic nephropathy is an important problem in insulin-dependent diabetic patients. Directly or indirectly it is a major cause of death amongst them and accounts for a great number of patients requiring renal replacement therapy today. The last decade has seen a considerable growth in the insight into the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying the development of diabetic renal disease. In this article, the current knowledge concerning the pathogenesis of diabetic nephropathy and the implications of this understanding for therapeutic approaches will be discussed.

Blood Pressure↗
PubMed1989

Decreased reflection coefficient as a possible cause of low blood pressure in severe septicaemia.

A 44-year-old woman developed a septicaemia with low intra-arterially recorded blood pressure values despite vasoactive medication and optimal support. Sphygmomanometer cuff measurements showed higher values than intra-arterial blood pressure records. We suggest a low reflection coefficient of the capillary bed as the cause of this phenomenon. The constant pressure of the sphygmomanometer cuff on the venous tract appeared to create an increase of the reflection coefficient in our patient, thus causing higher blood pressure readings with the sphygmomanometer cuff measurements than expected.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Does fish oil protect renal function in cyclosporin-treated psoriasis patients?

In order to study the influence of fish oil on CyA-induced renal dysfunction, 13 patients with psoriasis (CyA group) received cyclosporin A (CyA) alone, and seven patients (CyA/EPA + DHA group) received a combination of cyclosporin A and fish oil (6g eicosapentaenoic acid, C20:5 omega-3, and docosahexaenoic acid, C22:6 omega-3, daily) for 3 months. The glomerular filtration rate fell by 18.0 +/- 9.6% in the CyA group compared with 8.7 +/- 6.8% in the CyA/EPA + DHA group (mean +/- SD, P less than 0.05). The effective renal plasma flow fell by 10.6 +/- 8.9% in the CyA group and did not change in the CyA/EPA + DHA group (P less than 0.05). The calculated total renal vascular resistance increased by 19.8 +/- 14.5% in the CyA group and did not change in the CyA/EPA + DHA group (P less than 0.01). The results of this pilot study suggest that fish oil can reduce CyA-associated renal dysfunction in psoriasis patients.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Effects of chronic and acute protein administration on renal function in patients with chronic renal insufficiency.

In 6 volunteers with normal renal function, we investigated the effects of various kinds of protein (soy, lactoprotein and beef) and various amounts of an intravenously administered amino acid solution on glomerular filtration (GFR) and effective renal plasma flow (ERPF). As for the protein-induced changes in renal function, rises in GFR and ERPF were lowest with soy protein, and highest with beef (baseline GFR, 110 +/- 5; soy, 122 +/- 5; beef, 131 +/- 5 ml/min/1.73 m2; mean +/- SEM). High doses of intravenous amino acids induced a rise in GFR comparable to that after beef (132 +/- 5 ml/min/1.73 m2). In a combined test a liquid mixed meal together with intravenously administered amino acids induced a comparable increase of the GFR (baseline 114 +/- 5 versus 129 +/- 5 ml/min/1.73 m2). When investigating 9 patients with chronic renal insufficiency after 4 weeks of low protein intake (LP) and after 4 weeks of high protein intake (HP), GFR and ERPF rose significantly under baseline conditions (GFR-LP41 +/- 9 versus GFR-HP 45 +/- 9 ml/min/1.73 m2, p less than 0.02; ERPF-LP 169 +/- 39 versus ERPF-HP 180 +/- 40 ml/min/1.73 m2, p less than 0.02; paired Wilcoxon). At the end of both dietary periods a comparable rise in renal function could be induced through acute stimulation (GFR-LP 20 +/- 5, GFR-HP 16 +/- 4; ERPF-LP 23 +/- 7, ERPF-HP 22 +/- 3%).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Effects of enalapril with and without hydrochlorothiazide in hypertensive patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of the ACE inhibitor enalapril (E) on blood pressure and metabolic control in 15 hypertensive patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. When the treatment goal was not reached with enalapril alone, hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ) was added. A diastolic blood pressure (DBP) below 90 mmHg was achieved in seven patients with enalapril alone (47%), and in an additional four (27%) with concomitant hydrochlorothiazide. No significant adverse effects of enalapril occurred and all patients completed the study. Monotherapy with enalapril did not affect metabolic control or renal function. Addition of HCTZ to E did not consistently result in further lowering of blood pressure and caused deterioration of both the degree of metabolic control and renal function. We, therefore, conclude that monotherapy with enalapril can be a safe and satisfactory treatment for hypertensive patients with NIDDM. Caution is needed, however, when HCTZ is added, since this may adversely affect metabolic control and renal function whereas the effect on blood pressure may be variable.

Blood Glucose↗
PubMed1987

Effects of protein intake variation and omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids on renal function in chronic renal disease.

Fifteen patients with chronic renal disease of various origin were investigated after 4 weeks protein restriction, after 4 weeks high protein intake and finally, after 8 weeks dietary supplementation with omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA's), while adhering to a high protein intake. The highest values for effective renal plasma flow and glomerular filtration rate were observed after 8 weeks dietary supplementation with omega-3 PUFA's without a relationship with baseline values. Calculated renal resistance fell after omega-3 PUFA supplementation. Whether long term dietary supplementation with omega-3 PUFA's will influence the progression of chronic renal insufficiency in man needs further study.

Adult↗