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Biomedical subjects

H J Kahn

Publications and source records attributed to H J Kahn.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1986

The use of cytoskeletal characteristics of tumor cells for the diagnosis of colon and breast adenocarcinomas.

The cytoskeleton of colon (11 cases) and breast adenocarcinomas (9 cases) was characterized with the use of immunohistochemistry on tissue sections and one- and two-dimensional (2-D) gel electrophoresis of cytoskeletal extracts of tumor cells. By immunofluorescence, antibodies to epidermal cytokeratin (CK) and Mallory body CK recognized cytoplasmic filaments +/- desmosomal contacts, respectively, in both colon and breast adenocarcinomas. In addition, cytoskeletal extracts of both tumors showed similar CK polypeptides by 2-D gel electrophoresis. By immunoperoxidase, anti-actin antibody stained the apical margin of tumor cells in eight (73%) colon adenocarcinomas and four of five metastases, while diffuse cytoplasmic staining was seen in only one (9%) breast adenocarcinoma and not in five metastases. With 2-D gel electrophoresis, a cytoskeletal-associated doublet polypeptide was found in seven (64%) colon adenocarcinomas but not in the breast adenocarcinomas. By immunoblotting, the doublet did not consist of CK polypeptides, vimentin, or type IV collagen. These findings may facilitate the differentiation of colon and breast adenocarcinomas.

Actins↗
PubMed1985

Immunohistochemical staining of macrophages in the skin lesions of leprosy: the role of antibody to mycobacteria in human serum and various polyclonal immune rabbit antisera.

Immunohistochemical staining of tuberculoid and lepromatous leprosy skin lesions was performed using various rabbit antisera. Macrophages in both stained with serum containing antibodies against lysozyme and alpha-1-antitrypsin, while macrophages in lepromatous leprosy also reacted with other antibodies. An immunoglobulin fraction of positive serum stained following pepsin digestion, indicating that reactivity was not Fc dependent. Positive serum contained antibody against Mycobacterium butyricum, which caused macrophage staining, since affinity-purified antibody did not stain and absorption with M. butyricum removed staining. Staining was also produced by serum of subjects with leprosy or a positive tuberculin test. By immunoblotting, the anti-mycobacterial antibody was directed against surface components of M. butyricum of molecular weights 20 000-70 000. Electron microscopy showed M. leprae in phagolysosomes of macrophages, while immunoelectron microscopy demonstrated labelling along bacterial cell membranes. Therefore, macrophages in lepromatous leprosy skin lesions stain because they contain M. leprae, which reacts with antibody to either M. leprae, M. tuberculosis or atypical mycobacteria in human serum and with antibody to M. butyricum in serum from rabbits immunized with various antigens and Freund's complete adjuvant. These results indicate that immunohistochemical studies on leprosy are misleading if performed using intact polyclonal immune sera rather than affinity purified or monoclonal antibodies.

Antibodies, Bacterial↗
PubMed1985

Ultrastructural and immunohistochemical characteristics of mucoepidermoid carcinoma of the breast.

Mucoepidermoid carcinoma is a rare subtype of breast carcinoma. In an attempt to elucidate the histogenesis of these tumors, two mucoepidermoid carcinomas were studied electron microscopically and immunohistochemically with antisera to S-100 protein and epidermal cytokeratin. Light microscopic examination showed these tumors to be composed of mixtures of neoplastic mucus-secreting, squamous, and intermediate cells. Ultrastructural examination revealed squamous cells, mucus-secreting luminal cells, and classic myoepithelial cells. The intermediate cells, which contained focal peripheral myofilaments with dense bodies and pinocytotic vesicles associated with centrally aggregated tonofilaments, were interpreted as modified myoepithelial cells. Classic dendritic myoepithelial and intermediate (modified myoepithelial) cells stained with antisera to S-100 protein and epidermal cytokeratin. Both the ultrastructural and the immunohistochemical features indicate that myoepithelial and duct luminal cells play an important role in the histogenesis of mucoepidermoid tumors of the breast.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Myoepithelial cells in salivary gland tumors. An immunohistochemical study.

Normal salivary glands and 55 salivary gland tumors were examined by immunostaining (immunoperoxidase [IMP] and immunofluorescence [IMF]) to identify myoepithelial cells (MCs) and speculate on their role in the histogenesis of the tumors. The classic (C) MCs of normal salivary glands stained by IMP with antibodies to cytokeratin and S100 protein and stained by IMF with the same antibodies and with antibodies to vimentin and actin. Modified (M) MCs of pleomorphic adenomas stained positively by IMP and IMF with all of the preceding antibodies. In many mucoepidermoid carcinomas, adenoid cystic carcinomas, and basal cell adenomas, variable numbers of CMCs and MMCs stained positively by IMP with anti-cytokeratin and anti-S100 protein antibodies. No MCs were detected in adenolymphomas or acinic cell carcinomas. We believe that MCs play a major role in the histogenesis of pleomorphic adenomas and may also be important in many mucoepidermoid carcinomas, adenoid cystic carcinomas, and basal cell adenomas.

Actins↗
PubMed1985

Salivary gland components involved in the formation of squamous metaplasia.

Squamous metaplasia is not an uncommon feature of a number of salivary gland lesions. Arterial ligation of rat submandibular and sublingual salivary glands was used for study of the processes and cell types involved in the development of the squamous metaplasia that occurs in ischemic and infarcted portions of gland parenchyma 6 to 8 days following vessel ligation. Light and electron micrographs show that the principal portion of salivary gland tissue undergoing squamous metaplasia is the acinar-intercalated duct cell complex. Early stages of this process involve a gradual dedifferentiation of acinar cells and hyperplasia of acinar, duct luminal cells, and myoepithelium. Subsequently, both luminal and myoepithelial cells have increasing accumulation of tonofilaments and formation of desmosomes, and centrally located cells may undergo keratinization. Immunohistochemical staining of ischemic salivary gland tissue with developing squamous metaplasia was performed with the use of rabbit antisera to human epidermal and Mallory body cytokeratins. The two antisera gave complementary patterns in normal acini and ducts, with antibody to epidermal cytokeratin (ECK) staining only myoepithelial cells and antibody to Mallory body cytokeratin (MBCK) staining mainly luminal epithelial cells. In early phases of squamous metaplasia (6 days after ligation), antibody to ECK stained central and peripheral (myoepithelial) cells, but by 8 days after ligation only central cells were stained. At 6 days after ligation, a proportion of central cells in squamoid clusters stained with antibody to MBCK, and myoepithelial cells were unstained. By 8 days after arterial ligation, cell clusters exhibiting squamous metaplasia were completely unstained with antibody to MBCK, despite the presence ultrastructurally of numerous tonofilament bundles in both types of cells forming these clusters. The propensity for squamous alteration of acinar-intercalated duct complexes has important connotations for salivary gland tumors such as pleomorphic adenoma and mucoepidermoid carcinoma.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Differences in lectin binding in tissue sections of human and murine malignant tumors and their metastases.

Lectin binding to tumor cells in tissue sections of 16 nonmetastatic and 24 metastatic human adenocarcinomas and 5 nonmetastatic and 5 metastatic murine Lewis lung carcinomas (LLCs) was assessed with an avidin-biotin peroxidase technique. In human tumors, Ulex europaeus agglutinin I (UEA I) showed no binding; whereas concanavalin A (Con A), Ricinus communis agglutinin I (RCA I), wheat germ agglutinin (WGA), soybean agglutinin (SBA), and Dolichos biflorus agglutinin (DBA) bound equally to primaries and metastases. However, peanut agglutinin (PNA) bound to less than 5% of cells in 37 of 40 primaries but to greater than 50% of cells in 18 of 24 metastases. In LLC tumors, UEA I and DBA showed no binding; whereas Con A, RCA I, and WGA bound equally to primaries and metastases. SBA bound to greater than 50% of cells in 5 metastases but not to the 5 primaries. There was less than 5% binding of PNA to 10 primary murine tumors after neuraminidase pretreatment of tissue sections but greater than 50% binding in 3 of 5 metastases. These studies indicate, in both human adenocarcinomas and an experimental tumor system, that most tumor cells which metastasize show preferential binding of PNA and SBA.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1984

The value of immunohistochemistry in increasing diagnostic precision of undifferentiated tumours by the surgical pathologist.

The availability of polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies allows immunohistochemical staining (immunofluorescence and immunoperoxidase) procedures to be used by the surgical pathologist, so as to obtain a definite diagnosis in cases where light microscopic examination of tissue sections from biopsy and surgical specimens in inconclusive. Four cases of undifferentiated tumours are described in which only a differential diagnosis could be obtained using light microscopy but a definite diagnosis was achieved when additional information was provided by immunohistochemistry. A scheme is presented for the use of immunohistochemistry to increase diagnostic precision in assessing tumours.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

Immunohistochemical localization of epidermal and Mallory body cytokeratin in undifferentiated epithelial tumors. Comparison with ultrastructural features.

Twenty-one anaplastic tumors were studied by light microscopy (LM), immunoperoxidase staining using anti-epidermal cytokeratin (ECK) and anti-Mallory body cytokeratin (MBCK) antibodies, and electron microscopy (EM), to determine whether an epithelial origin could be confirmed. The tumors were derived from lung, stomach, colon, breast, uterus, kidney, bladder, and mesothelium. By LM, the tumors consisted of either large and polygonal, spindle or small, round cells. With immunoperoxidase staining, 11 (52%) of the anaplastic tumors were positive for ECK, positivity being either absent or only weak in the main tumor mass, but marked in areas of infiltration and metastases. In contrast, all of the anaplastic tumors were positive for MBCK in the main tumor mass, infiltrating areas, and metastases. In the case of adenocarcinomas, staining was either web-like or diffuse throughout the cytoplasm with concentration occurring at the cell surface, whereas in mesotheliomas, the staining was either diffuse or showed focal perinuclear accentuation. Twelve of 13 anaplastic tumors examined by EM showed epithelial features (desmosomes, tonofilaments, lumina, and/or microvilli). As controls, 21 non-epithelial tumors (five melanomas, eight sarcomas, and eight lymphomas) showed no reactivity with either cytokeratin antibody. These studies show that the epithelial nature of undifferentiated and poorly differentiated tumors can be confirmed by immunohistochemistry using anti-cytokeratin antibodies.

Epithelium↗
PubMed1984

Salivary gland monomorphic adenoma. Ultrastructural, immunoperoxidase, and histogenetic aspects.

Monomorphic adenoma of basal cell type is a salivary gland tumor believed to result from a proliferation of a single type of cell. However, ultrastructural and immunocytochemical investigations of 6 monomorphic adenomas (5 from parotid and 1 from intraoral minor salivary gland) indicate that there are two classes of these lesions, one composed of two types of tumor cells and the other wholly or predominantly made up of one type of cell (isomorphic). In the former group, the organization of the tumor cells closely mimicked that of normal and hyperplastic salivary gland intercalated ducts. Aggregates of tumor cells were arranged as an inner layer of luminal epithelial cells which were surrounded by an outer layer of cells that, in some cases, had ultrastructural and immunohistochemical features indicating myoepithelial cell differentiation. In some adenomas formed by two types of tumor cells, basal-lamina-lined extracellular spaces were identified ultrastructurally in relation to modified myoepithelial cells; such spaces had the same fine-structural features as those reported in pleomorphic adenoma and adenoid cystic carcinoma. Predominantly isomorphic adenomas were composed exclusively of luminal epithelial cells. These results indicate that despite the varied histologic patterns in the numerous subtypes of monomorphic adenoma, there is a central theme of differentiation and organization in this type of neoplasm which recapitulates the ductoacinar unit of normal salivary gland parenchyma.

Adenoma↗
PubMed1983

Immunohistochemical and electron microscopic assessment of childhood rhabdomyosarcoma. Increased frequency of diagnosis over routine histologic methods.

Histologic examination was carried out in 65 cases of childhood rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS), 53 embryonal, and 12 alveolar. Cross-striations were seen on light microscopy in 12 (23%) embryonal and 4 (33%) alveolar tumors. The capacity of immunohistochemical staining (PAP technique) to increase diagnostic accuracy was assessed, using antibodies against myoglobin, the MM isoenzyme of creatine kinase, desmin, calcium magnesium-dependent ATPase of sarcoplasmic reticulum and calsequestrin. Myoglobin was detected in 16 (30%) embryonal and eight (67%) alveolar RMS, higher numbers than obtained by viewing cross-striations on light microscopy. The creatine kinase antibody was slightly better than the antibody to myoglobin and 15 of 25 (60%) embryonal RMS were positive when both specificities were used. The remaining three antibodies were less useful. Of 13 (two alveolar and 11 embryonal) RMS studied by electron microscopy, four showed cross-striations, contained late myoblasts, and were positive for myoglobin. Three additional cases showed only late myoblasts and one of these was positive for myoglobin. Thus, 16 of 25 (64%) of the embryonal and seven of nine (78%) of the alveolar RMS showed either positive immunostaining or ultrastructural features of RMS. This study indicates that a combination of immunohistochemical staining, using antimyoglobin and anticreatine kinase (MM isoenzyme) antibodies, and electron microscopy are useful markers in the diagnosis of childhood RMS.

Ca(2+) Mg(2+)-ATPase↗
PubMed1983

Categorization of pediatric neoplasms by immunostaining with antiprekeratin and antivimentin antisera.

Forty-six tumors in children were examined using light microscopy and subsequently frozen sections were stained with antiprekeratin and antivimentin antisera, so that the tumors could be classified by tissue of origin. Except for two adrenal cortical carcinomas and four liver tumors, most epithelial neoplasms continued to produce prekeratin filaments, a characteristic of normal epithelial cells. Tumors and cells of epithelial origin did not produce vimentin filaments, whereas normal and neoplastic mesenchymal cells did. Tumors with both epithelial and mesenchymal components produced vimentin filaments in mesenchymal areas and prekeratin in epithelial areas. Tumors of lymphoid origin showed variable production of vimentin filaments, depending on the amount of cell cytoplasm, but did not contain prekeratin filaments. Of the neuroectodermal tumors, only the ganglioneuroma contained vimentin filaments and none contained prekeratin filaments. Thus, antibodies to both prekeratin and vimentin filaments are useful in diagnosing childhood neoplasms and studying their histogenesis.

Child↗
PubMed1983

Origin of the desmoplasia in desmoplastic malignant melanoma.

Four cases of desmoplastic malignant melanoma were examined light microscopically and immunohistochemically. Electron microscopy was performed in three cases. Light microscopy showed that all tumors were composed of neoplastic spindle cells that infiltrated between mature collagen bundles in the reticular dermis. Some of the spindle cells had bizarre nuclei, whereas other spindle cells resembled normal fibroblasts. Melanin could not be demonstrated in any of the tumors by histochemical techniques. Electron microscopic examination of the spindle cells showed prominence of rough endoplasmic reticulum, which was dilated and filled with flocculent material and occasional collagen fibrils. The same cells contained aggregates of non-membrane-bound melanin granules and pre-melanosomes. Some cells also showed features of myofibroblasts. Immunoperoxidase staining with anti-S100 protein antibody demonstrated positivity of the spindle cells as well as of melanocytes in the basal layer of the epidermis. Scar tissue and fibroblasts did not stain. These findings show that the desmoplastic component of these malignant melanomas derives from melanocytes that have undergone adaptive fibroplasia. Therefore, in assessing depth of invasion in a malignant melanoma, measurements should include the desmoplastic areas.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Role of antibody to S100 protein in diagnostic pathology.

Normal tissues and various tumors were examined for S100 protein, using anti-S100 protein antiserum, in an immunoperoxidase reaction. Among normal tissues, in addition to the previously reported presence of S100 protein in some neurons, glial, and Schwann cells of the nervous system, melanocytes and Langerhans cells of the skin, interdigitating reticulum cells of lymph nodes, and chondrocytes, we demonstrated it in myoepithelial cells and ducts of sweat glands, salivary glands, and the breast, serous glands of the lung, fetal neuroblasts, and sustentacular cells of the adrenal medulla. Among neoplasms, S100 protein previously has been reported in neurogenic tumors, melanomas, and neuroblastomas; we have demonstrated it in mixed sweat gland tumors, histiocytosis X, pleomorphic adenomas of the salivary gland, medullary carcinomas of the breast, bronchioloalveolar carcinomas of the lung, sustentacular cells of pheochromocytomas, teratomas of the ovary, and tumors of cartilage (enchondromas, osteochondromas, and chondrosarcomas). With S100 protein producing tumors, a normal progenitor cell was identified, indicating that demonstration of S100 protein in tumors confirmed their origin.

Carcinoma↗
PubMed1983

Nodular regenerative hyperplasia of the liver associated with progressive systemic sclerosis: a case report with ultrastructural observation.

We present a case of nodular regenerative hyperplasia of the liver in association with progressive systemic sclerosis, the third such association in the literature. Clinically, there was elevation of liver function tests, and no varices were found at autopsy. Ultrastructural examination of the liver showed deposition of abnormal material in arterioles, capillaries, and sinusoids. We postulate that these ultrastructural alterations could account for the clinical and pathological findings commonly seen in nodular regenerative hyperplasia of the liver.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Immunohistochemical localization of prekeratin filaments in benign and malignant cells in effusions. Comparison with intermediate filament distribution by electron microscopy.

An immunoperoxidase technique employing antibody to prekeratin was used to study distribution and pattern of staining of prekeratin filaments in cytological smears obtained from 42 specimens of pleural and peritoneal effusions (27 benign, 15 malignant). The smears were either air-dried or ethanol-fixed. Both benign and malignant mesothelial cells showed distinctive peripheral or perinuclear staining patterns which differed from the characteristic arborizing pattern in adenocarcinoma cells. The ultrastructure of these 2 cell types studied in 27 body fluids (12 benign, 15 malignant) and in 13 malignant tumors (3 mesotheliomas, 10 adenocarcinomas) showed a distinctive localizaton of intermediate filaments which corresponded to and could explain the pattern of staining obtained using the immunoperoxidase technique. The immunohistochemical and ultrastructural findings appeared characteristic for benign and malignant mesothelial cells as well as for adenocarcinoma cells, and could be used as markers to differentiate mesothelial tumors and reactive mesothelial cells from adenocarcinomas.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Alternative multivariate modelling for time to local recurrence for breast cancer patients receiving a lumpectomy alone.

Certain prognostic factors (patient and/or tumour characteristics) may be associated with low (or high) risk for local recurrence. Patients with these characteristics could be candidates for less (or more) adjuvant therapy or a less (or more) aggressive surgical approach. However, the assessment of many factors can be problematic with the standard multivariate technique-a Cox proportional hazards model and step-wise regression. We compared the results obtained when using a Cox model with those from four alternative models (exponential, Weibull, log logistic and log Normal) in step-wise and all subset regressions. Between 1977 and 1986, 293 primary invasive breast cancer patients were treated at the Henrietta Banting Breast Centre with a lumpectomy with or without an axillary dissection, and with no postoperative adjuvant therapy. The variables considered were age, lymph node status, tumour size, estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PgR), histologic grade, nuclear grade, carcinoma in situ (CIS), amount of CIS, and presence of tumour emboli. With follow-up to 1991, nodal status was not found to be included in the step-wise Cox model, although it was in the step-wise exponential, Weibull and log Normal models, and in the best all subset models for all model types. The variables tumour emboli, ER, age, CIS and nodal status were consistently included in the best all subset regressions, regardless of model type. In the 1993 follow-up, the variables in the step-wise Cox model were tumour emboli, ER, age, CIS and nodal status. The multivariate consideration of all possible subsets of regression variables led to an earlier indication of the importance of nodal status, while the data strongly supported accelerated failure time models over the Cox model.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The value of immunohistochemical studies using antibody to S100 protein in dermatopathology.

The distribution of S100 protein in normal skin and various tumors involving skin was assessed using rabbit antibody to S100 protein in an immunoperoxidase reaction. In normal skin, S100 protein was detected in the epidermis (melanocytes and Langerhans' cells), dermis (Schwann cells, Pacinian and Meissner's corpuscles, and interdigitating reticulum cells), cells of the sweat gland apparatus, and in chondrocytes. In tumors involving skin, S100 protein was present in nevi, malignant melanomas, histiocytosis X, mixed sweat gland tumors, neural tumors, chondromas, and chondrosarcomas. Detection of S100 protein by immunostaining was useful in understanding the histogenesis of various skin tumors and in assessing the diagnosis and prognosis of a variety of skin lesions encountered in surgical pathology.

Calcium-Binding Proteins↗