PubMed Health⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

H K Grant

Publications and source records attributed to H K Grant.

11 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1998

The relationship between ionizing radiation-induced apoptosis and stem cells in the small and large intestine.

Apoptosis is observed in the crypts of the small intestine of healthy animals and man (spontaneous apoptosis). The levels can be dramatically elevated 3-6 h following ionizing radiation exposure. Both the spontaneous and radiation-induced apoptosis in the small intestine crypts are most frequently observed at the positions in the crypt associated with stem cells (about four cell positions from the base of the crypt). The number of apoptotic deaths can be counted in routine histological preparations, but interpretation of the counts is complicated by numerous factors. However, recording the number of cells containing one or more apoptotic fragments in crypt sections provides a good estimate for the absolute number of cell deaths in crypts. Similarities are noted in the frequency and cell positional relationship of radiation-induced apoptosis in the small intestine of various strains of mice and one strain of rat. Apoptosis in the large intestine is generally lower in frequency than in the small intestine and, for the mid-colonic and rectal regions, has a different cell positional frequency distribution, with the highest apoptotic yield at the crypt base. The caecal colon has a pattern of apoptotic distribution more similar to that in the small intestine. After exposure to 1 Gy ionizing radiation, the maximum apoptotic yield occurs over a period of 3-6 h in the small intestine. There is some unexplained variability in the values between groups of mice and between different mouse strains. After 8 Gy, the yield remains elevated for several days, however a similar maximum yield is still observed at the early times. In mouse large intestine and rat small intestine, the yield continues to rise until about 6 Gy in mouse large intestine and until at least 10 Gy in rat small intestine. Spontaneous apoptosis is interpreted as part of the homeostatic mechanism regulating stem cell numbers. About 1.6 cells per crypt are dying at any one time. Following irradiation, there is an apparent relationship between mitotic and apoptotic levels, suggesting that these processes are linked. The dose-response relationship suggests that there are about six apoptosis-susceptible cells in crypts of the small intestine, with about 2-4 of these occurring at cell positions in which there are other more resistant clonogenic cells. In the large intestine, the position of these apoptosis-susceptible cells varies with region, but the numbers are similar.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

Recruitment and retention strategies used by occupational therapy directors in acute care, rehabilitation, and long-term-care settings.

OBJECTIVES: Occupational therapy directors need to recruit and retain therapists to ensure both the delivery of high-quality services and the viability of their departments. At present, research on the recruitment and retention of occupational therapists is limited; recruitment and retention strategies can be cited, but their utility and effectiveness have not been determined. METHOD: A survey was designed to identify the recruitment and retention strategies used in various practice settings and the perceived level of effectiveness of those strategies that were used. The surveys were mailed to 500 occupational therapy directors. Once the sample size was adjusted to exclude ineligible subjects, the eligible sample size was 471. Of these, 320 (68%) were usable. RESULTS: Ten of the 23 recruitment strategies listed on the survey were used by more than 70% of the respondents. The top three recruitment strategies were staff member referrals, professional development opportunities, and newspaper advertisements. Seventeen of the 23 retention strategies listed on the survey were used by more than 70% of the respondents. The top three retention strategies were interpersonal staff member relationships, employee appraisals, and continuing education. CONCLUSION: Findings suggest that occupational therapy departments' recruitment and retention plans could be improved by expanding the number of strategies used and by incorporating techniques that appeal to a broader range of therapists.

Ambulatory Care↗
PubMed1989

Developing information-seeking skills in occupational therapy students.

This paper discusses the importance of teaching occupational therapy students methods for finding information in libraries. It details the efforts at Ohio State University to supply this instruction and demonstrates the positive results of library user education as seen by the instructors of occupational therapy students. This partnership between librarians and classroom instructors can easily be adapted to any health sciences education program.

Attitude of Health Personnel↗
PubMed1988

An analysis of inservice education practices for hospital laboratory personnel.

Inservice education is a form of continuing professional education provided by the health care employer at the worksite. The purposes of this study were to describe current inservice practices in clinical laboratories and to explore laboratory managers' perceptions of the job impact and cost-worthiness of specific inservice education activities. A written survey was mailed to 237 hospitals in Ohio to gather data. Results of the study (61% usable return) were analyzed using descriptive statistics. Notable findings include: Most laboratories do not have an inservice budget; most important for cost worthiness and job impact are new employee orientation, policy and procedure discussions, and instruction on instrumentation. The report discusses ratings of several inservice activities in terms of their value for improving employees' knowledge, skills, and attitudes.

Cost-Benefit Analysis↗
PubMed1988

Research skills and the research environment: a needs assessment of allied health faculty.

Allied health faculty are expected to successfully compete with other academic faculty in the research arena, yet many feel unprepared for this role. Most faculty have been trained as clinicians and, thus, bring to academe few skills in research design and methodology. A national study was conducted to assess the research skills and the research milieu of allied health faculty across eleven disciplines. Data are presented from 2,187 survey responses. Unmet needs included skills in obtaining funding, statistical analysis of the data, and publishing research results. Major barriers to research included the undervaluing of research relative to education and service, the lack of financial and administrative support, the absence of professional resources, and the generally low priority given research. Faculty with earned doctorates perceived their research environments more favorably and had fewer gaps in research skills than did faculty with a bachelor's or master's degree.

Allied Health Personnel↗
PubMed1988

Research productivity profile of allied health faculty.

Many allied health faculty are expected to obtain graduate degrees and engage in scholarly activity to advance knowledge in their professions and fulfill the research mission of their academic institution. A national study of ten allied health disciplines was conducted to assess the level of allied health research productivity and to determine the relationship between the amount of research and faculty characteristics. Research productivity included the number of major paper presentations and research publications, number of times served as project principle investigator, and the time devoted to research per week. Faculty characteristics were the type of employing institution, and the academic degree, rank, and tenure status of the faculty member. Data from 2,187 survey respondents indicated that faculty who are employed by four-year research universities, possess earned doctorates, hold the rank of professor, and are tenured had significantly higher levels of research productivity.

Allied Health Personnel↗
PubMed1986

Managing an academic career.

Current predicaments that academic educators deal with, that is, the conflicts between teaching and research responsibilities, the competition within universities for promotion and tenure, and the importance of viewing the university as a complex social-political system are addressed. Recommendations for improvements in the development and education of new faculty members and suggestions for evaluative criteria for the documentation of a faculty member's performance are offered.

Career Mobility↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Variables affecting the competency maintenance behaviors of occupational therapists.

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between work environment and the competency maintenance activities of occupational therapists. METHOD: A survey of 121 occupational therapists in three states and interviews with 8 occupational therapists in Ohio were used. RESULTS: Analysis of survey data indicated that workplace support and the degree of competency monitoring are significant determinants of competency maintenance behavior. State continuing education requirements had no impact on reported levels of competency maintenance. Personal motivation of the therapist emerged as a potentially important moderator of the relationship between environment and competency maintenance. CONCLUSIONS: Although environmental factors enhance competency maintenance activities, active participation in competency maintenance is also related to the personal commitment of the individual therapist. Strategies that reduce barriers to effective competency maintenance and promote a culture of continuing competency in the profession merit further investigation.

Adult↗