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Biomedical subjects

H Kakoi

Publications and source records attributed to H Kakoi.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2005

Antibiotic selection patterns in acutely febrile new outpatients with or without immediate testing for C reactive protein and leucocyte count.

BACKGROUND: Excessive use of broad spectrum antibiotics is related to the spread of drug resistant bacterial strains in the community. AIM/METHODS: The effects of immediate testing for C reactive protein (CRP) and white blood cell count (WBC) on physicians' choices of antibiotic was investigated in patients with acute infection. Acutely febrile new outpatients were randomised into two groups: group 1 (147 patients) underwent CRP and WBC testing before initial consultation (advance testing). Prescriptions were compared with those in group 2 (no advance testing; 154 patients). RESULTS: In non-pneumonic acute respiratory tract infections, 61 (58%) and 122 (91%) of group 1 and 2 patients were prescribed antibiotics, respectively. Cefcapene pivoxil (third generation cephalosporin) and amoxicillin were the most frequently chosen drugs for group 1 and 2, respectively. Total prescriptions of newer, extended spectrum antibiotics (cefcapene pivoxil and clarithromycin (advanced macrolide)) were reduced by 25% in group 1, although they increased in rate (41 (67%) v 55 (45%) prescriptions) because of the decreased prescription of amoxicillin. In group 1, cefcapene pivoxil was preferentially selected when WBC values were greater than 9 x 10(9)/litre. Prescription shifted to macrolides (mainly clarithromycin) in patients without leucocytosis. Patient treatment outcome did not significantly differ between the two groups. CONCLUSIONS: The availability of CRP and WBC data during initial consultation greatly reduced prescription of amoxicillin, but had a lesser effect on newer, potent, broad spectrum antibiotics.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed2005

Genetic diagnosis of sex chromosome aberrations in horses based on parentage test by microsatellite DNA and analysis of X- and Y-linked markers.

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Sex chromosome aberrations are often associated with clinical signs that affect equine health and reproduction. However, abnormal manifestation with sex chromosome aberration usually appears at maturity and potential disorders may be suspected infrequently. A reliable survey at an early stage is therefore required. OBJECTIVES: To detect and characterise sex chromosome aberrations in newborn foals by the parentage test and analysis using X- and Y-linked markers. METHODS: We conducted a genetic diagnosis combined with a parentage test by microsatellite DNA and analysis of X- and Y-linked genetic markers in newborn light-breed foals (n = 17, 471). The minimum incidence of sex chromosome aberration in horses was estimated in the context of available population data. RESULTS: Eighteen cases with aberrations involving 63,XO, 65,XXY and 65,XXX were found. The XO, XXY (pure 65,XXY and/or mosaics/chimaeras) and XXX were found in 0.15, 0.02 and 0.01% of the population, respectively, based solely on detection of abnormal segregation of a single X chromosome marker, LEX003. CONCLUSIONS AND POTENTIAL RELEVANCE: Detection at an early age and understanding of the prevalence of sex chromosome aberrations should assist in the diagnosis and managment of horses kept for breeding. Further, the parental origin of the X chromosome of each disorder could be proved by the results of genetic analysis, thereby contributing to cytogenetic characterisation.

Animals↗
PubMed2001

Population study and validation of paternity testing for Thoroughbred horses by 15 microsatellite loci.

Microsatellite 15 TKY System was characterized for parentage verification of horse registry. The Microsatellite 15 TKY System was constructed by using 15 microsatellites, TKY279, TKY287, TKY294, TKY297, TKY301, TKY312, TKY321, TKY325, TKY333, TKY337, TKY341, TKY343, TKY344, TKY374, and TKY394, to provide stringent PCR-based microsatellite typing specifically optimized for multicolor fluorescence detection. The Microsatellite 15 TKY System showed good resolutions for 250 unrelated Thoroughbred horses, and the probability of exclusion (PE) at each microsatellite ranged from 0.437 to 0.621, resulting in a total PE value of 99.998% for Thoroughbred horses. These results indicated that the Microsatellite 15 TKY System is useful for paternity testing of Thoroughbred horses. A paternity testing case for a Thoroughbred horse family, in which candidate sires had close relations, was analyzed using the Microsatellite 15 TKY System. In this case, the Microsatellite 15 TKY System excluded paternity of a false sire. We concluded that the Microsatellite 15 TKY System can give sufficient and reliable information for paternity testing.

Animals↗
PubMed1999

A morphological and morphometric study of the peripheral process of the human vestibular nerve following posterior cranial fossa neurectomy.

Three vestibular nerve specimens removed at transmeatal neurectomy were studied in order to understand better retrograde degeneration and regeneration after vestibular neurectomy in the posterior cranial fossa. In two cases this procedure followed retrolabyrinthine retrosigmoid posterior fossa vestibular neurectomy. The subjects, three patients with Menière's disease, were compared with one another and two autopsy controls with no known otological problem. The specimens were obtained at the distal end of the internal auditory canal and transversely sectioned. Many collapsed Schwann cell basement membranes were observed. The ratio of small-diameter nerve fibres increased significantly after neurectomy. Onion bulb formation around myelinated nerve fibres with small diameters and Schwann cell proliferation around the soma of vestibular ganglion cells reflected remyelination. We conclude that peripheral processes of vestibular nerve fibres can undergo retrograde degeneration and subsequent regeneration after transection of the central process.

Aged↗
PubMed1999

[Effect of inflation of the eustachian tube on tinnitus].

The purposes of this study were to evaluate the effect of inflating the Eustachian tube in patients with tinnitus, and to identify diseases in which tubal inflation is indicated. Fifty-four ears of as many patients complaining of tinnitus were examined by pure tone audiometry and decreases in pitch and loudness associated with tinnitus were also evaluated by tinnitus audiometry (Danac-100, DanaJapan). Tinnitus was associated with sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) in 44 ears and not associated in the remaining 10. The subjects were classified further into two groups: the higher tone group showed a pitch range with tinnitus of 1000 Hz or higher, and the lower tone group showed a pitch range of less than 1000 Hz. In the higher tone tinnitus group with SNLH, the tubal inflation was effective in 3 of 31 ears (10%), and in the lower tone group, 10 of 13 ears (77%). On the other hand, in the tinnitus group with no hearing loss, the method relieved tinnitus in 6 of 10 ears (60%). In the higher tone tinnitus group with no hearing loss, the tubal inflation was effective in 3 of 6 ears (50%), and in the lower tone group, 3 of 4 ears (75%). In this study, however, no ears were permanently relieved of tinnitus with tubal inflation. In the higher tone group, the duration of the reduced tinnitus was less than 10 minutes. In 69% of the lower tone group, the reduction was from 20 minutes to 2 hours. The effect did not continue for more than 2 hours at the longest. In conclusion, Eustachian tubal inflation is indicated in diseases with tinnitus as follows: 1. Lower tone tinnitus with SNHL, particularly in Meniere's disease and acute onset low-tone type SNHL, may be temporarily relieved with tubal inflation. 2. Tinnitus in an ear without SNHL that may gain transitory relief from ringing with the tubal inflation.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

Genetic relationship between equine apolipoproteins A4 and A1.

Genetic polymorphism of equine apolipoprotein (APO) A4 was investigated using two-dimensional electrophoresis in four horse breeds, including Japanese native horses. A linkage relationship between the equine APOA4 and APOA1 structural loci was assumed from the segregation data of these loci in one family line of the Japanese Hokkaido native breed.

Alleles↗
PubMed1997

Auditory epithelial migration. III: An immunohistologic study using anti-BrdU antibody on tympanic membrane in mouse.

A localization pattern of epidermal cells on the tympanic membrane (TM) and their migratory patterns were studied in mice, by means of immunohistologic technique using an anti-bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) antibody. The BrdU was instilled intraperitoneally and the animals were painlessly sacrificed between 1 hour and 10 days after the injection. An immunostaining technique using anti-BrdU antibodies was applied on whole mount TM tissues. One hour after injection, BrdU-labeled cells were found in the handle of the malleus (HM) region and in the annular region of the pars tensa of the TM. Some labeled cells were observed in the intermediate region of the upper half of the superior quadrant, but no labeled cells were found in the remaining part of the intermediate region. Labeled cells were also evident in the pars flaccida without any particular pattern of distribution. As time elapsed after the injection, the labeled cells first appearing in the HM region had migrated laterally and inferiorly from the HM toward the annulus, while those in the annular region had considerably decreased in number. Results of the present study are the following: 1) the proliferation center of epidermal cells in the pars tensa is located in two different areas, i.e., the HM region and annular region, 2) newly generated cells in the HM region migrated from the HM region toward the annular region, whereas those in the annular region migrate from the the annular region to the external auditory canal, and 3) no specific generation center is located in the pars flaccida. On the basis of these results, we discuss the relationship between the site of the proliferation center of epidermal cells and their migratory patterns.

Animals↗
PubMed1997

Auditory epidermal cell migration. VII. Antigen expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigens, PCNA and Ki-67 in human tympanic membrane and external auditory canal.

A location of proliferating cells was investigated in eight human normal tympanic membranes (TMs) and external auditory canals (EACs) by an immunohistochemical method using two different types of antibodies for nuclear antigens in proliferating cells: anti-PCNA monoclonal antibody, and anti-Ki-67 polyclonal antibody. Four specimens prepared for cryostat sections were immunostained by both antibodies. Another four were fixed in 4% formaldehyde solution, embedded in paraffin wax and were reacted only with anti-PCNA antibodies. The expression pattern of Ki-67 was basically the same as of PCNA. In the pars tensa (PT), immunoreactivities were expressed in the nuclei of basal layer cells and cells just overlying the basal layer of epidermis both in the handle of the malleus (HM) and annular regions. In the intermediate region of the PT, no immunoreactivity was found basically, apart from a few labelled cells observed in the upper-third of the superior quadrant. In the pars flaccida (PF) and in both the osseous and cartilaginous regions of the EAC, positive cells were also situated in the basal layer and the deeper aspect of the suprabasal layers without any specific distributing pattern. It was certified that the generation centre of epidermal cells (keratinocytes) in the PT was located in both the HM and annular regions, and that stem cells in the PF and the EAC were uniformly scattered in the basal layer and the deeper aspect of the spinous layer. According to these findings, the migratory patterns of auditory epidermal cells in the human TM and EAC were discussed.

Antibodies, Monoclonal↗
PubMed1997

[The effects of premedication on induction doses of propofol and hemodynamic responses during induction].

We chose five sedatives for premedication and investigated the effect of these drugs on the induction doses of propofol. One hundred patients were allocated into one of five groups of 20. These groups consisted of control group (C) given only atropine 0.5 mg i.m.; CL group (plus clonidine 0.15 mg orally); H group (plus hydroxyzine 25 mg i.m.); M group (plus midazolam 3 mg i.m.) and D group (plus diazepam 10 mg orally). The induction dose was measured using loss of count technique. Arterial pressure and heart rate were measured, before and after propofol induction as well as after intubation. We also calculated rate pressure products (RPP) at each point. The induction doses were significantly lower in M-group than those in C-group. On the other hand, in hemodynamic responses, RPP was unchanged in any groups after propofol induction and after the intubation. Both propofol and midazolam have been known to have a depressive effect on the central nervous system via GABA-A receptor-mediated inhibition, although the exact receptor for propofol is unknown. We thought, therefore, that when the interaction occurred, both midazolam and propofol had the same effect on the GABA-A receptor and increased chloride ion flux through the channels. Hydroxyzine and clonidine, however, do not share a common receptor or exert effect on the GABA-A receptor. We consider that this was one of the reasons why induction doses of both H and CL group could not decrease significantly. We concluded that midazolam 3 mg decreased propofol induction dose significantly. Both midazolam 3 mg and clonidine 0.15 mg decreased RPP before induction and hemodynamic responses to induction and intubation were stable.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Relationship between regional abnormality of left ventricular rapid filling and coronary microcirculation disturbance in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy.

BACKGROUND AND HYPOTHESIS: To investigate the mechanism of regional left ventricular diastolic filling disturbance in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM), we assessed the relationship between abnormalities of regional ventricular rapid filling and regional coronary microcirculation using radionuclide ventriculography and exercise 201thallium (201TI) myocardial scintigraphy with sector analysis. METHODS: Thirty patients with HCM and 14 patients with atypical chest pain syndrome (controls) were studied. Left ventricular images (left anterior oblique view) were obtained by electrocardiogram-gated 99mtechnetium radionuclide angiography and were divided into three sectors radiating from the geometric center. The time-activity curves and their first derivative curves were analyzed, and the peak filling rate (PFR), the ratio of the time-to-peak filling rate per diastolic interval (TPFR/T) were calculated for the global left ventricle and for the lateral and septal sectors. Exercise stress 201TI myocardial scintigraphy was also performed, and early and delayed images were obtained. The regional washout rate (WR) was then evaluated for the lateral and septal sectors. RESULTS: In HCM patients, the regional PFR in the septal sector (corresponding to the region of hypertrophic myocardium) was 285 +/- 76%/s, and was significantly lower than that in the controls (398 +/- 90%/s, p < 0.01). The regional TPFR/T in the septal sector (32 +/- 10%) was prolonged compared with the value of 21 +/- 5% in the controls (p < 0.05). The regional WR in the septal sector was 21 +/- 9%, and was significantly lower than that in the controls (43 +/- 5%, p < 0.01). Moreover, regional WR correlated positively with regional PFR (r = 0.5, p < 0.05) and showed a weak negative relationship with regional TPFR/T (r = -0.4, p < 0.07) in the septal sector. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that regional impairment of rapid filling might be related to a disturbance of the coronary microcirculation in HCM.

Cardiomyopathy, Hypertrophic↗