PubMed Health⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

H Koop

Publications and source records attributed to H Koop.

At least 127 records · Page 7Linked to original sources
PubMed1981

Somatostatin and gastrin release into the gastric lumen in rats.

Somatostatin and gastrin release into the gastric lumen was investigated in anaesthetized, vagally intact rats. The stomach was perfused at a flow rate of 0.5 mL.min-1. During perfusion with 0.1 M HCl or buffers of varying pH the somatostatin ans gastrin concentrations in the perfusate were less than 10 pg.mL -1 and approximately 30 pg.mL-1, respectively. Peptone caused a gastrin concentrations in the perfusate were less than 10 pg.mL-1 and approximately 30 pg.mL-1, respectively. Peptone caused a slight pH-independent increase in somatostatin release; gastrin release was unchanged despite an increase in serum gastrin from a basal of 15 +/- 4 to 155 +/- 34 pg.mL-1 during peptone stimulation. intravenous infusion of carbachol (1 microgram.kg-1.min-1) strongly stimulated luminal somatostatin and gastrin release (from 5 +/- 1 to 192 +/- 52 pg.mL-1 and from 27 +/- 5 to 198 +/- 41 pg.mL-1, respectively) during perfusion with 0.1 M HCl. Phosphate buffer perfusion at pH 7.5 abolished the cholinergic-mediated somatostatin release but the gastrin response was unaffected. It is suggested that changes of luminal hormone concentrations in the rat stomach do not reflect the secretory activity of the endocrine cells in the gastric mucosa.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

Antinuclear and pancreatic acinar cell antibodies in pancreatic diseases.

Recently, the presence of acinar cell antibodies (ACA) and antinuclear antibodies (ANA) in acute and/or chronic pancreatitis have been discussed in the light of an immunological pathogenesis of pancreatitis. In the present study sera of 109 patients with pancreatic diseases were scanned for ACA and ANA which were found in 5 of 16 patients, respectively. The frequency of ACA and ANA was similar in patients with pancreatitis of known and unknown aetiology. In conclusion, the presence of ACA and ANA seems to be rather an epiphenomenon than an index for a certain immunological aetiology of pancreatitis.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Serum complement factors in human acute pancreatitis.

C3, C4 and total haemolytic activity of serum complement were measured in 35 patients with acute pancreatitis, and were found to be normal or raised in 24 patients (23 survivors). In 3 further patients complement values were low initially, but returned to normal with clinical recovery. In the remaining 8 patients serum complement factors were generally lowered or declined during the course of the disease; all of them died from haemorrhagic pancreatitis. Thus lowered complement factors may be an unfavourable prognostic sign for the course of the disease. Reasons for the decline may be protein loss, blood coagulation disturbances or intrapancreatic activation of complement. The latter possibility is supported by the immunohistological detection of C3 deposits surrounding parenchymal necroses in two patients.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1980

[The NBT-PABA test in the diagnosis of exocrine pancreatic insufficiency (author's transl)].

The NBT-PABA test, an oral pancreatic function test, was performed in 67 patients with proven chronic pancreatitis (secretin pancreozymin test or intraoperatively) and was pathological in 60 (89.6%). Prolongation of urinary collection period from 6 to 9 hours did not improve the diagnostic value. In comparison with the NBT-PABA test the sensitivity of trypsin and chymotrypsin determination in stool was 40.6% and 62.2%, respectively. In severe exocrine pancreatic insufficiency when pathological fecal fat excretion was demonstrable (steathorrhea) the accuracy of fecal enzyme determination was clearly higher (59.1% and 91.8%, respectively). Thus the NBT-PABA test is an alternative diagnostic tool for exocrine pancreatic insufficiency when the secretin-pancreozymin test, and fecal enzyme and fecal fat determination are too complicated. However, as intact absorption of NBT-PABA is possible, the test only provides a qualitative and limited quantitative evaluation of pancreatic function.

4-Aminobenzoic Acid↗
PubMed1980

Increased somatostatin secretion from pancreatic islets of streptozotocin-diabetic rats in response to glucose.

Glucose stimulates somatostatin release from perifused pancreatic islets of diabetic rats 42-47 days after the induction of diabetes, and 48 h after withdrawal of insulin replacement therapy. The glucose effect is augmented by theophylline or glucagon. Basal somatostatin release and glucose-induced secretion are significantly higher in diabetic islets than in controls. It is suggested that glucose promotes somatostatin release by directly interacting with islet D cells but not via indirect pathways. Glucose-induced stimulation appears to be modulated by a D-cell adenylate cyclase/phosphodiesterase system. Reasons responsible for increased somatostatin secretion by diabetic islets include reduction in B-cell mass, suggesting that B cells may normally suppress the secretory activity of D cells.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

Trypsin radioimmunoassay in the diagnosis of chronic pancreatitis.

Serum immunoreactive trypsin (IRT) determination has been recommended as a screening test in chronic pancreatitis. Using a commercial radioimmunoassay kit (RIA--gnost Trypsin; Behring-Werke, Marburg/Lahn, FRG) the interassay coefficient of variation was 26--44% for three different test sera. Gel filtration chromatography profiles revealed immunoreactivity in the position of 125I-trypsin and (less than 50%) in the void volume. The test was evaluated in controls (n = 90), chronic relapsing pancreatitis (CRP;n = 60) and after total pancreatectomy (n = 5). In 65% of the CRP cases decreased IRT values were found, whereas during acute attacks of CRP supranormal and normal values were found. After total pancreatectomy IRT levels were undetectable. It is concluded that the sensitivity of this IRT test is limited and that the available test system needs improvement.

Cholecystokinin↗
PubMed1980

Plasma-immunoreactive trypsin in chronic renal failure.

Plasma-immunoreactive trypsin (IRT) was measured by radioimmunoassay in 52 patients with chronic renal failure. 29 were on conservative treatment, 14 on-regular haemodialysis, and 9 on regular haemofiltration. IRT levels were elevated in those with raised plasma creatinine and there was a significant positive correlation to plasma creatinine concentrations (r = 0.853; p less than 0.001). IRT levels were not significantly altered by haemodialysis or haemofiltration. It is concluded that the kidney plays an important role in the metabolism of plasma trypsin. Since plasma IRT levels may be elevated in patients with chronic renal failure, the IRT determination may be misleading in diagnosing acute and chronic pancreatitis in the presence of kidney disease.

Creatinine↗
PubMed1980

Somatostatin and gastrin release from canine stomach.

Somatostatin and gastrin release into the veins draining the stomach was studied in 27 anaesthetized dogs. Basal somatostatin-like immunoreactivity (SLI) in corpus veins (136 +/- 36 pg/ml) was significantly higher than in antrum veins (83 +/- 20 pg/ml; p less than 0.05) and the femoral artery (58 +/- 15 pg/ml; p less than 0.02). During peptone, pH 6.5, perfusion of the stomach, SLI concentration increased significantly in the corpus veins to approximately four times basal and in the antrum veins to three times basal, whereas SLI levels in the peripheral circulation remained constant. Peptone, pH 3.5, and sodium oleate did not stimulate gastric SLI. Gastric distension increased significantly SLI release from the corpus. In gel filtration studies 50%--70% of SLI from gastric vein plasma samples but greater than 90% from femoral artery samples eluted in the void volume of Sephadex G-25 columns. Gastrin secretion was stimulated significantly only by peptone, pH 6.5.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

[Current concept of diagnosis and therapy of acute pancreatitis (author's transl)].

Acute pancreatitis cannnot be diagnosed only by a single sign, symptom or laboratory determination, but on the basis of several clinical and biochemical findings. X-ray examinations and sonography are of limited diagnostic value in the initial phase. --Prognostic signs are helpful in the early evaluation of the course of the disease. --Intensive care in the initial stage is a decisive principle for adequate therapy. --The effect of hormonal and non-hormonal inhibition of pancreatic secretion or enzyme inhibition has not been proven sufficiently until now or has already been shown to be uneffective in controlled studies. --In contrast, albumin-, fluid- and electrolyte-replacement as well as pain relief and nasogastric suction in case of ileus are safe therapeutical procedures. --Besides shock renal and respiratory insufficiency are the most feared complications in acute pancreatitis and require early peritoneal dialysis and artificial ventilation including positive end expiratory pressure.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1980

HLA-antigens in acute and chronic pancreatitis.

HLA-A and B-antigens were determined in 22 patients with acute and in 65 patients with chronic pancreatitis as well as in 165 healthy controls. There was a tendency of over- and underrepresentation of certain antigens indicating that there may be a genetically linked susceptibility of some patients to acute and chronic pancreatitis respectively. For further evaluation of these tendencies on a larger scale a multi-centre study is required.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1979

Continuous peritoneal dialysis as treatment of acute experimental pancreatitis in the rat. I. Effect on length and rate of survival.

Continuous peritoneal dialysis significantly prolonged mean length of survival and reduced lethality rate of taurocholate-induced pancreatitis in the rat. The effect was improved by compensating protein loss due to pancreatitis and dialysis treatment. The beneficial effect of intravenous albumin treatment was enhanced when combined with dialysis treatment. Using hypothermic dialysate or adding aprotinin intraperitoneally had no additional effect.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1979

Continuous peritoneal dialysis as treatment of acute experimental pancreatitis in the rat. II. Analysis of its beneficial effect.

In acute sodium-taurocholate-induced pancreatitis in the rat, peritoneal dialysis reduced serum amylase levels and the amount of fat necrosis, but did not influence the damage to the pancreas itself. Pancreatic ascites obtained in the early course of the disease was found to have a hypotensive effect when given intraperitoneally to healthy rats. This effect vanished in the later course of acute experimental pancreatitis and was reduced by acidification of the ascites or by administration of an antihistaminic drug. Thus the beneficial effect of continuous peritoneal dialysis on survival time and mortality rate seems to be of systemic origin.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1979

Parotid saliva test in the diagnosis of chronic pancreatitis.

The parotid saliva test was evaluated in 31 patients with chronic pancreatitis proven by the secretin-pancreozymin test and failed to detect pancreatic insufficiency in the majority of the cases. According to this result the test cannot be recommended as a screening test for chronic pancreatitis.

Amylases↗
PubMed1979

Amylase/creatinine clearance ratio and tubular proteinuria in acute pancreatitis.

Amylase/creatinine clearance ratio (CAm/CCr), urinary protein concentration and urinary protein pattern were studied in 102 samples from 27 patients with acute pancreatitis and in 46 controls. Raised CAm/CCr, proteinuria and a tubular protein pattern were present in 74, 56 and 96% of the patients, respectively. However, CAm/CCr and proteinuria and CAm/CCr and tubular protein pattern were not correlated. These results do not support the suggestion that an elevated CAm/CCr in acute pancreatitis is due to generalized tubular protein reabsorption failure presenting with tubular proteinuria.

Acute Disease↗