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H Kraeft

Publications and source records attributed to H Kraeft.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1989

[Bactericidal activity of enoxacin and ciprofloxacin in body fluids].

Until present studies are lacking which investigate the bactericidal activity of new quinolones in body fluids. Therefore, we determined bactericidal titers of enoxacin (en) and ciprofloxacin (cip) against a typical pathogen in urinary tract infections (Escherichia coli) in urine and against a typical pathogen in respiratory tract infections (Streptococcus pyogenes) in sputum, in each case at the time of peak and trough levels (In vitro data of the test strains: E. coli - MICen = 0.06 mg/l, MICcip = 0.06 mg/l, MBCen = 0.5 mg/l, MBCcip = 0.25 mg/l; Streptococcus pyogenes - MICen = 32 mg/l, MICcip = 1 mg/l, MBCen greater than 64 mg/l, MBCcip greater than 64 mg/l). Following a randomization list, ten healthy volunteers took either 400 mg enoxacin b.i.d. for three days, then (after a break of at least three days) 500 mg ciprofloxacin b.i.d. for three days, or vice versa. Two and 12 hours after the final dose, samples of sputum were taken, urine was collected 2-4 h and 10-12 h after the final dose. The bactericidal titers against E. coli in urine were greater than 1:512 (2-4 h after the final dose) and greater than 1:64 (10-12 h after the final dose) for both quinolones in all cases. On the other hand, as to S. pyogenes were found growth in every dilution of sputum. These results confirm the scepticism against quinolone therapy of respiratory tract infections caused by streptococci.

Ciprofloxacin↗
PubMed1989

[Bronchopulmonary penetration of enoxacin].

We analysed enoxacin concentrations in plasma, saliva, bronchial secretions, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, and alveolar macrophages in nine patients five hours after the last dose (400 mg enoxacin b.i.d. per os for at least three days). The enoxacin levels in the alveolar film were extrapolated from the lavage content by using urea as an internal marker (lavage dilution factor = plasma/lavage urea concentration ratio). The concentration in the alveolar film amounted to 7.62 mg/l ( = 381% of the plasma value), on average, and exceeded the minimal inhibitory concentrations of the pathogens isolated from the patients. Thus, enoxacin is effectively concentrated in the surface film of the lung which represents an important barrier against pulmonary infections.

Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid↗
PubMed1989

[Enoxacin concentrations in serum and in the wall of the colon during colorectal surgery].

For successful prophylaxis of postoperative infections in colorectal surgery the administered antibiotic must reach sufficiently high concentrations in plasma and gut wall. Therefore, in ten patients receiving 400 mg enoxacin orally about 2 h prior to operation (in addition to their routine perioperative intravenous prophylaxis with amoxicillin and clavulanic acid) concentrations of enoxacin were determined by HPLC in plasma (samples were taken at the beginning of operation, time of tissue sampling and each hour during the operation) and in gut wall. We found the following plasma concentrations (mean +/- S.D.): beginning of operation 2.53 ( +/- 1.07) mg/l, 1 h later 2.08 ( +/- 0.82) mg/l, 2 h later 1.60 ( +/- 0.65) mg/l. At the time of tissue sampling (on an average 185 min after the enoxacin dose) the plasma concentration was 2.27 ( +/- 1.02) mg/l, the gut wall concentration was 3.74 ( +/- 1.58) mg/kg, the ratio between the two concentrations was 1.70 ( +/- 0.27). It seems warranted to study orally administered enoxacin (in combination with an antibiotic against anaerobes) in prophylaxis of infections after colorectal surgery.

Aged↗
PubMed1985

Follow-up studies in 50 totally colectomised children.

We report on 50 totally colectomised children, most of whom suffered from Hirschsprung's disease. Of the 50, one child died postoperatively of enteritis. On an average, the children were re-examined 5 1/2 years after the colectomy. The findings were as follows: With the exception of four, the size and weight of the patients were within the norm; 20 passed frequent stools of pulpy consistency; 16 suffered from disturbances of continence; 14 developed severe, partially recurrent enteritis. We did not find any advantage of a single method of operation, e.g. Martin's operation.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

[Results of total colectomy in childhood].

In nineteen colectomized children operated for Hirschsprung's disease in most instances, size and weight were within normal ranges about six years after surgery. They passed stools, mostly of pulpy consistence, once to ten-times a day, on average four times a day. Eleven children suffered from continence disturbances. Seven developed severe recurrent enteritis. These results as well as those of three children operated according to Martin's technique are compared with those in the literature.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

[Bacterial colonization of the stomach in newborn infants with gastrostomy].

Quantitative bacterial cultures were carried out in 137 gastric aspirates of 52 neonates with gastrostomies due to intestinal malformations. In 28% there was no growth of any organism, in 72% we found one to four bacterial species. Most often enterobacteriaceae, enterococci, pseudomonas aeruginosa, staphylococcus epidermidis and candida albicans could be cultured. We could not find any influence of systemic antibiotic therapy on bacterial colonization of the stomach. On the other hand nystatin given orally significantly decreased colonization by candida albicans. Different types of formulas or breast milk had no influence on types of species isolated. Clinically it was interesting to note that 12/52 children developed diarrhea and that 6 newborns developed septicaemia caused by the same organisms as we had found in elevated numbers in their gastric aspirates.

Candida↗
PubMed1982

[Urodynamic investigations of bladder disturbances in imperforate anus and Hirschsprung's disease) (author's transl)].

104 children with imperforate anus and 68 children with megacolon congenitum were subjected to careful analysis in respect of postoperative incontinence of urine. This was observed in 20 patients with imperforate anus (19.2%) and 15 patients with Hirschsprung's disease (22%). In children with imperforate anus urine incontinence showed a slight tendency only to spontaneous cure. For example, 19.1% of the children with imperforate anus still showed signs of incontinence 11 years after the first operation. On the other hand, there was often a spontaneous cure of incontinence of urine in children with Hirschsprung's disease, so that 5.8% only of the patients had incontinence after the same period. The causes of incontinence are of a multifactorial nature. Rectourethral fistulas, which can damage the sphincter vesicae externus, play an important part. This is likewise true of sequel operations in the pelvis minor with iatrogenic lesions of the sacral nerve fibres; of associate malformations of the urogenital tract and of the vertebral column; and of chronic relapsing infections of the urinary tract caused by an accompanying encopresis (incontinence of faeces).

Anus, Imperforate↗
PubMed1981

[Electrostimulation of the neurogenic bladder (author's transl)].

Six children with neurogenic disorders of micturition are stimulated by Katona's method. The evaluation of the clinical and cystometric results carried out every 4 weeks shows the contradictoriness of this method. The clinical results show an unequivocal improvement in micturition behavior, whereas checking the objective cystomanometric results only suggests an increasing tonicity of the detrusor and suppression of the uninhibited detrusor contractions. The urgency for carrying out cystomanometric measurements during Katona's electrostimulation therapy is pointed out.

Child↗
PubMed1981

[The value and reliability of ano-rectal electromanometry (author's transl)].

2,043 anorectal pressure measurements were performed at our hospital during the past 8 years. A majority of the studies, 1,595 measurements (78.1%), involved the differential diagnosis of chronic constipation. The validity of the electromanometry was analyzed on the basis of 332 patients with chronic constipation who were examined during the past 2 years. The electromanometric diagnostic failure rate was 17.6% in newborns up to 4 weeks of age, whereby false negative results predominated, at 11.7%. The diagnostic failure rate subsequently diminished rapidly, and was only 3.4% in the 1-6 month age group 0.6% in children over the age of 5. The overall figure was 1.5%. Among 91 patients with Hirschsprung's disease, a false electromanometric diagnosis was made in 18.5% of cases in the 0-31-day age group. Here too, the diagnostic failure rate decreased with increasing age of the children, to up to 9.5% (1-6 months) and 5.5% (over 5). The overall diagnostic failure rate was 8.7%. When compared with other methods of diagnosing Hirschsprung's disease, however, X-ray studies proved to be no better, with 25.9% false diagnoses in the 1-31-day-olds and an overall failure rate of 16.3%. The histologic diagnosis of Hirschsprung's disease fared the worst: faulty ganglion cell evaluations were made in 29.6% of cases in the 0-31-day age group. The overall diagnostic failure rate here was 16.3%. Acetylcholinesterase staining provided the most favorable results, with 13.3% false diagnoses in 0-4-week-olds and an overall diagnostic failure rate of 10.4%.

Child↗
PubMed1981

[Oesophageal atresia type Vogt IIIB with fistula of the distal segment to the cervical trachea, combined with right descending aorta and further malformations (author's transl)].

Presentation of a hitherto unreported variation of oesophageal atresia in a male infant. There was a blind end to the upper segment, the lower was joined to the cervical trachea by a fistula. Both segments were surrounded by a muscle sheath. In addition, the patient demonstrated a right descending aorta. Since the fistula was situated unexpectedly high, it was necessary to approach through a cervical incision, both a right- and left-thoracotomy having proved useless. The fistula was divided, and the oesophageal ends joined. The child also suffered from congenital deformities of the heart and the spine. The authors recommend preoperative tracheaoscopy to determine the site of the fistula, and hard ray exposure X-ray of the chest, showing the course of the aorta.

Abnormalities, Multiple↗
PubMed1981

[Experience with surgery for varicocele in childhood (author's transl)].

48 children who underwent high ligature of the internal spermatic vein for varicocele were re-examined. In one patient (2,1%) a hydrocele appeared postoperatively. In 30 boys (62,5%) the varicocele disappeared completely following surgery, in 18 patients (37,5%) the varicocele persisted which was in 9 boys only palpable and in another 9 boys clearly visible. High spermatic vein ligature according to Bernardi turned out to be a method providing good postoperative results and with few complications in childhood. In the case of persisting varicocele collateral veins should be considered and ligated in a second operation.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

[Iatrogenic urinary tract infection in cystometry (author's transl)].

The present paper reviews the risk of infection with particular reference to cystometry. Cystomanometric studies were performed in 71 children with chronic recurrent urinary tract infections and 40 children with neurogenic micturition disorders with meningomyelocele. Our results show that short-term catheterization in cystometry leads to a considerable risk of infection. In 10% of the cystometries children developed new infections. The infection risk decidedly depends less on the nature of the intervention than on the individual disposition. Antibiotic therapy seems to have little influence on the risk of infection.

Adolescent↗